20.3.2018
Negotiations part 2
The aims of the class are:
-to practise role plays: negotiations
-to report what somebody said.
-to practise role plays: negotiations
-to report what somebody said.
Changes in sentences in reported speech
present simple-> past simple
Aila: Usually it snows in winter.
B: Aila told me (that) it snows in winter.
Aila: I read a magazine every morning.
B: Aila said she read a magazine every morning. (past simple)
present continuous-> past continuous
Asta: The sun is shining. (present continuous)
Bożena: Asta said the sun was shining. (past continuous)
present perfect (have/has + verb (III))-> past perfect (had + verb (III))
Asta: I have gone skiing (go skiing) for 2 hours.
B: Asta said she had gone skiing for 2 hours.
present perfect continuous (has/have+been+verb-ing)-> past perfect (had + been+verb-ing)
Asta: I have been skiing (to ski) for 2 hours.
B: Asta told me she I had been skiing (to ski) for 2 hours.
past simple-> past perfect (had + verb (III))
Aila: I peeled potatoes.
B: Aila said that she peeled potatoes.
past continuous (was/were + verb-ing) -> past perfect (had + been+verb-ing)
Asta: At 4 pm I was peeling potatoes.
B: Asta said she had been peeling potatoes at 4 pm.
future simple (will + verb (I))-> would + verb (I))
Aila:I will skate tomorrow.
B: Aila said that she would skate tomorrow.
is/are/am going to + verb-> was/were going to + verb
Asta: I am going to eat strawberries.
B: Asta told me she was going to eat strawberries.
Now-> then, at that time, immediately
Today, tonight-> that day, that night
Yesterday-> the day before, the previous day
Tomorrow-> the next day, the following day
This week-> that week
Last week-> the week before, the previous week
Next week-> the week after, the following week
Two days ago-> two days before
Here-> there
Come-> go
Aila said (that)....
Aila said TO me/her
Asta told me/her
Certain modal verbs:
will-> would
can-> could
may-> might
shall-> should
must-> had to
would, could, might, should, mustn't, ought to, used to DON'T CHANGE
Aila: Usually it snows in winter.
B: Aila told me (that) it snows in winter.
Aila: I read a magazine every morning.
B: Aila said she read a magazine every morning. (past simple)
present continuous-> past continuous
Asta: The sun is shining. (present continuous)
Bożena: Asta said the sun was shining. (past continuous)
present perfect (have/has + verb (III))-> past perfect (had + verb (III))
Asta: I have gone skiing (go skiing) for 2 hours.
B: Asta said she had gone skiing for 2 hours.
present perfect continuous (has/have+been+verb-ing)-> past perfect (had + been+verb-ing)
Asta: I have been skiing (to ski) for 2 hours.
B: Asta told me she I had been skiing (to ski) for 2 hours.
past simple-> past perfect (had + verb (III))
Aila: I peeled potatoes.
B: Aila said that she peeled potatoes.
past continuous (was/were + verb-ing) -> past perfect (had + been+verb-ing)
Asta: At 4 pm I was peeling potatoes.
B: Asta said she had been peeling potatoes at 4 pm.
future simple (will + verb (I))-> would + verb (I))
Aila:I will skate tomorrow.
B: Aila said that she would skate tomorrow.
is/are/am going to + verb-> was/were going to + verb
Asta: I am going to eat strawberries.
B: Asta told me she was going to eat strawberries.
Now-> then, at that time, immediately
Today, tonight-> that day, that night
Yesterday-> the day before, the previous day
Tomorrow-> the next day, the following day
This week-> that week
Last week-> the week before, the previous week
Next week-> the week after, the following week
Two days ago-> two days before
Here-> there
Come-> go
Aila said (that)....
Aila said TO me/her
Asta told me/her
Certain modal verbs:
will-> would
can-> could
may-> might
shall-> should
must-> had to
would, could, might, should, mustn't, ought to, used to DON'T CHANGE
Reported speech - exercises
1
Kate said to Frank, "I don't love you anymore."
Kate said to Frank that she didn't ............... love him anymore.
2
Simon told his boss, "I expect a 10% raise." (up-to-date reporting)
Simon told his boss that he expected a 10% raise.
3
Jack said, "Everyone will meet at the bar around 7:00."
Jack said that everyone.would meet.............. at the bar around 7:00.
4
The dentist recommended, "You should start flossing."
The dentist recommended that you SHOULD start flossing.
5
The President said, "Iraq has weapons of mass destruction."
The President said that Iraq ..had.........weapons of mass destruction.
6
The repairman said, "I won't be able to fix the car today."
The repairman said that..he wouldn't ....be able to fix the car today.
7
The sales clerk said, "There is going to be a big sale soon."
The sales clerk said that there ...was going to be..................... a big sale soon.
8
Jack said, "Everyone will meet at the bar around 7:00."
Jack said that everyone .would meet................. at the bar around 7:00.
9
My friend said, "I've met the perfect woman."
Your friend said that he .....had met............ the perfect woman.
10.
The Prime Minister said, "I will lower taxes."
The Prime Minister said that .he would ...............lower taxes.
Direct speech into reported speech.
1.
"I used to be slim."
B told me that she used to be slim.
Liz told us
2.
"I wouldn't do it if I were you." (DOESN'T CHANGE)
Terence said she wouldn’t DO it if she was(informally)/ WERE me.
3.
"We will stay in Madrid."
Terence told me that we/THEY would stay in Madrid.
They claimed that they would stay in Madrid.
4.
"I'm just looking."
Susan replied that she was just looking...............................................
5.
"We came a year ago."
They explained that .they had come a year BEFORE.........................................
6.
"I have never eaten this cake."
He admitted that he had never eaten that cake.............................................
7.
"Are you from France?
He wanted to know if I was from France...........................................
8.
"You must help me."
She said .that I had to help her..........................................................
9.
"I have not been doing anything."
He told me he not been doing anything.
10.
"The Amazon is the biggest river."
He told me that the Amazon is the biggest river
11.
"We couldn't swim in the sea."
They claimed that they couldn't swim in the sea ......................................
12.
"I can't go to school."
He said ..he couldn't go to school............................................................
Kate said to Frank, "I don't love you anymore."
Kate said to Frank that she didn't ............... love him anymore.
2
Simon told his boss, "I expect a 10% raise." (up-to-date reporting)
Simon told his boss that he expected a 10% raise.
3
Jack said, "Everyone will meet at the bar around 7:00."
Jack said that everyone.would meet.............. at the bar around 7:00.
4
The dentist recommended, "You should start flossing."
The dentist recommended that you SHOULD start flossing.
5
The President said, "Iraq has weapons of mass destruction."
The President said that Iraq ..had.........weapons of mass destruction.
6
The repairman said, "I won't be able to fix the car today."
The repairman said that..he wouldn't ....be able to fix the car today.
7
The sales clerk said, "There is going to be a big sale soon."
The sales clerk said that there ...was going to be..................... a big sale soon.
8
Jack said, "Everyone will meet at the bar around 7:00."
Jack said that everyone .would meet................. at the bar around 7:00.
9
My friend said, "I've met the perfect woman."
Your friend said that he .....had met............ the perfect woman.
10.
The Prime Minister said, "I will lower taxes."
The Prime Minister said that .he would ...............lower taxes.
Direct speech into reported speech.
1.
"I used to be slim."
B told me that she used to be slim.
Liz told us
2.
"I wouldn't do it if I were you." (DOESN'T CHANGE)
Terence said she wouldn’t DO it if she was(informally)/ WERE me.
3.
"We will stay in Madrid."
Terence told me that we/THEY would stay in Madrid.
They claimed that they would stay in Madrid.
4.
"I'm just looking."
Susan replied that she was just looking...............................................
5.
"We came a year ago."
They explained that .they had come a year BEFORE.........................................
6.
"I have never eaten this cake."
He admitted that he had never eaten that cake.............................................
7.
"Are you from France?
He wanted to know if I was from France...........................................
8.
"You must help me."
She said .that I had to help her..........................................................
9.
"I have not been doing anything."
He told me he not been doing anything.
10.
"The Amazon is the biggest river."
He told me that the Amazon is the biggest river
11.
"We couldn't swim in the sea."
They claimed that they couldn't swim in the sea ......................................
12.
"I can't go to school."
He said ..he couldn't go to school............................................................
Negotiations - role plays
Negotiations – useful expressions:
I have to say no to..(NO)
That just won’t work..(NO)
Are we agreed?
That’s out of question. (NO!)
That’s not out of questions. (MAYBE)
I have to stay firm on it. (I don't agree)
I will be willing to.. (I will want to)
I’m afraid it’s just impossible..(NO)
That sounds feasible.(feasible-possible to be done)
We can’t possibly..(NO)
So, we’ve agreed that..
I refuse to accept..(NO)
Role play 1
Student A
You are a landlord (vuokranantaja) meeting a prospective (tuleva) tenant (vuokraaja) for your studio apartment (yksiö) in Lyon.
The flat is very small and on the 4th floor (floor-kerros) (there is no lift). It has a living room, kitchen and one bedroom, plus a tiny (pieni) shower room and toilet. You have been trying to get 600 euros for this flat of 20 square metres (squere metre - neliömetri), but now you are prepared to reduce (alentaa) that to 500 euros if a reliable (luotettava) tenant comes. The electricity bill (sähkölasku) is very low (matala) as the flat is well-insulated (hyvin-eristetty), so be prepared to include (sisältää) the cost of electricity in the rent (vuokra) if needed in the negotiation.
Student B
You are meeting the landlord (vuokranantaja) of a flat you are interested in renting (vuokraus). It is tiny (pieni) and on a top floor without (ilman) a lift (hissi) but the situation is perfect for you and you are very keen (innokas).
The asking price is 600 euros per month; try to negotiate 450. You can finally agree (hyväksyä) to 500 if the electricity is included (sisältyy).
be interested IN + noun/verb-ing
high price
take something INTO account - think about something
frankly speaking -to be honest
rental cost
can be affordable
I agree TO this
Role play 2
Student A
You are a market stallholder (torinmyyjä) selling fruit and vegetables and it is 11.45am, the market closes in 15 minutes. You have 20 melons left that are ripe (kypsä) and will not be good for sale by next market day, so you are keen (innokas) to sell them. You paid 20 euros for these melons and you don’t want to accept less than that.
Student B
You visit the market just before it closes as you need to buy 20 melons to provide (tarjota) the starter at a party you are hosting. Negotiate the price with the stallholder (torinmyyjä) bearing in mind (bear in mind - pitää mielessä) that normally 20 melons of this quality (laatu) cost at least (at least-vähintään) 40 euros.
rape-rapsi
sell for 40 euros
sell AT lower price
Role play 3
Student A
You run (run-johtaa) a small café in Lyon. You often employ (employ-työllistaa) students, paying the minimum wage (minimi palkka) of 9.40 euros per hour. You get a lot of foreigners (foreigner-ulkomaalainen) in summer and someone who can speak English is useful (hyödyllinen) to have in the team. Interview (interview-haastatella) this student, and if you feel they present themselves well, offer a Saturday job (8 hours) paying 10 euros an hour. If the candidate asks to work on Sundays, offer 4 hours on that day at the same rate.
Student B
You are going to be interviewed (joku haastattelee sinua) by a café owner in Lyon for a Saturday job to serve customers. You have experience doing this sort of work and you are fluent (sujuva) in English. You need to earn around 120 euros a week, you can work 8 hours on Saturday and 4 hours on Sunday.
agree for 10 euros
agree with somebody
experience IN something
Are you used to workING...?
be/get used to doing sth (in different tenses)
used to do (a routine in tne past)
Role play 4
Student A
You are a performer – you juggle, ride a unicycle and do acrobatics. Your normal hourly rate is 80 euros. Business is slow at the moment and so you can be persuaded to lower this rate if the person booking you can offer you things that you like in return . You like the following:
*British beer
*performing in a castle
*being given nice clothes to perform in that you can keep
Student B
You need to book a performer to entertain guests at an event you are organizing. You are interested in someone who can juggle, ride a unicycle, and do acrobatics in front of 150 guests at a birthday party at a castle in the Loire Valley. You have to keep an eye on costs as the customer is paying you quite a minimal fee. You need the performer for 3 hours and you are hoping to be able to get this for less than 200 euros. Be creative in offering extras, for example the customer owns a brewery in England and so unlimited British beer will be available during the party.
Role play 5
Student A
You are selling your old bicycle at a car boot sale (a car boot sale - a market on which goods are sold straight from the boot; a boot - a back part of a car in which you store things). Although it cost 200 euros, it is now 8 years old and well-used. The minimum price you would like to accept is 50 euros.
Student B
You have seen an interesting bicycle at a car boot sale. Negotiate a price with the seller; it looks like it would be worth at least 100 euros, but obviously you would be happier to get it for cheaper than that.
I have to say no to..(NO)
That just won’t work..(NO)
Are we agreed?
That’s out of question. (NO!)
That’s not out of questions. (MAYBE)
I have to stay firm on it. (I don't agree)
I will be willing to.. (I will want to)
I’m afraid it’s just impossible..(NO)
That sounds feasible.(feasible-possible to be done)
We can’t possibly..(NO)
So, we’ve agreed that..
I refuse to accept..(NO)
Role play 1
Student A
You are a landlord (vuokranantaja) meeting a prospective (tuleva) tenant (vuokraaja) for your studio apartment (yksiö) in Lyon.
The flat is very small and on the 4th floor (floor-kerros) (there is no lift). It has a living room, kitchen and one bedroom, plus a tiny (pieni) shower room and toilet. You have been trying to get 600 euros for this flat of 20 square metres (squere metre - neliömetri), but now you are prepared to reduce (alentaa) that to 500 euros if a reliable (luotettava) tenant comes. The electricity bill (sähkölasku) is very low (matala) as the flat is well-insulated (hyvin-eristetty), so be prepared to include (sisältää) the cost of electricity in the rent (vuokra) if needed in the negotiation.
Student B
You are meeting the landlord (vuokranantaja) of a flat you are interested in renting (vuokraus). It is tiny (pieni) and on a top floor without (ilman) a lift (hissi) but the situation is perfect for you and you are very keen (innokas).
The asking price is 600 euros per month; try to negotiate 450. You can finally agree (hyväksyä) to 500 if the electricity is included (sisältyy).
be interested IN + noun/verb-ing
high price
take something INTO account - think about something
frankly speaking -to be honest
rental cost
can be affordable
I agree TO this
Role play 2
Student A
You are a market stallholder (torinmyyjä) selling fruit and vegetables and it is 11.45am, the market closes in 15 minutes. You have 20 melons left that are ripe (kypsä) and will not be good for sale by next market day, so you are keen (innokas) to sell them. You paid 20 euros for these melons and you don’t want to accept less than that.
Student B
You visit the market just before it closes as you need to buy 20 melons to provide (tarjota) the starter at a party you are hosting. Negotiate the price with the stallholder (torinmyyjä) bearing in mind (bear in mind - pitää mielessä) that normally 20 melons of this quality (laatu) cost at least (at least-vähintään) 40 euros.
rape-rapsi
sell for 40 euros
sell AT lower price
Role play 3
Student A
You run (run-johtaa) a small café in Lyon. You often employ (employ-työllistaa) students, paying the minimum wage (minimi palkka) of 9.40 euros per hour. You get a lot of foreigners (foreigner-ulkomaalainen) in summer and someone who can speak English is useful (hyödyllinen) to have in the team. Interview (interview-haastatella) this student, and if you feel they present themselves well, offer a Saturday job (8 hours) paying 10 euros an hour. If the candidate asks to work on Sundays, offer 4 hours on that day at the same rate.
Student B
You are going to be interviewed (joku haastattelee sinua) by a café owner in Lyon for a Saturday job to serve customers. You have experience doing this sort of work and you are fluent (sujuva) in English. You need to earn around 120 euros a week, you can work 8 hours on Saturday and 4 hours on Sunday.
agree for 10 euros
agree with somebody
experience IN something
Are you used to workING...?
be/get used to doing sth (in different tenses)
used to do (a routine in tne past)
Role play 4
Student A
You are a performer – you juggle, ride a unicycle and do acrobatics. Your normal hourly rate is 80 euros. Business is slow at the moment and so you can be persuaded to lower this rate if the person booking you can offer you things that you like in return . You like the following:
*British beer
*performing in a castle
*being given nice clothes to perform in that you can keep
Student B
You need to book a performer to entertain guests at an event you are organizing. You are interested in someone who can juggle, ride a unicycle, and do acrobatics in front of 150 guests at a birthday party at a castle in the Loire Valley. You have to keep an eye on costs as the customer is paying you quite a minimal fee. You need the performer for 3 hours and you are hoping to be able to get this for less than 200 euros. Be creative in offering extras, for example the customer owns a brewery in England and so unlimited British beer will be available during the party.
Role play 5
Student A
You are selling your old bicycle at a car boot sale (a car boot sale - a market on which goods are sold straight from the boot; a boot - a back part of a car in which you store things). Although it cost 200 euros, it is now 8 years old and well-used. The minimum price you would like to accept is 50 euros.
Student B
You have seen an interesting bicycle at a car boot sale. Negotiate a price with the seller; it looks like it would be worth at least 100 euros, but obviously you would be happier to get it for cheaper than that.