ENA6 / 6. periodi / Haaksluoto
Teksti
KOE on torstaina 22.5.2025 klo 17.00 – 21.00 luokassa 31. Koe on Otavan sähköinen koe. Ota mukaan oma kannettavasi täyteen ladattuna sekä tarvittavat sähköjohdot ja LANGALLISET KUULOKKEET.
Koealue:
- VOCABULARY
- Text 2 You’ve got mail p. 10 – 25
- Text 5 We want you! p. 50 – 59
- Glossary: Education p. 36 – 38
- Glossary: Working life p. 60 – 61
- Glossary: Economy p. 112 – 113
- GRAMMAR
- Adjectives & Adverbs p. 152 – 173
- Reported Speech p. 174 – 185
- Verb + Preposition p. 187 – 191
- Noun + Preposition p. 197 – 200
- Adjective + Preposition p. 203 – 209
- LISTENING COMPREHENSION & VIDEOS
- READING COMPREHENSION
- PRODUCTION (700 – 1,300 characters)
course outline / kurssiohjelma
ENA6 / SCHOOL YEAR 2024 - 2025 / PERIOD VI
Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukio, Urheilukatu 10 - 12, 00250 Helsinki
Teacher: Erja H. Haaksluoto, e-mail: erja.haaksluoto@tyk.fi
Available for consultation: before and after the lessons and on Mondays at 20.05 - 20.45 hours (= so-called KIELIKLINIKKA) either in class room 31 at Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukio, Urheilukatu 10 – 12, 00250 Helsinki (except NOT during the exam weeks) or online on Google Meet at the following link meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj
Book: Elina Karapalo – Paula Keltto – Mark Kilmer – Päivi Kuusivaara – Teijo Päkkilä – Annukka Suonio: New Insights Module 6 (Otava)
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE:
On course 6 we are focusing on three main themes: future, studying and working. In grammar and structures we shall deal with some important structures such as ADJECTIVES, and ADVERBS, REPORTED SPEECH, and PREPOSITIONS.
We shall meet 11 (eleven) times Mondays and Wednesdays at 17.00 – 18.20 hours in class room 31 or online on Google Meet at the following link: meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj as follows:
STUDY PLAN:
- April 14, 2025: Introduction to the course // Home Assignments: Curriculum Vitae & Personal Statement p. 142 – 145 // Text 2 You’ve got mail p. 11 – 14 / ex. 2c p. 16
- April 16, 2025: ex. 2d p. 17 / ex. 2e & 1f p. 18 – 19 / ex. 2j p. 23 // GRAMMAR: ADJECTIVES p. 154 – 160 / ex. 2 & 3 p. 161
- April 23, 2025: ex. 5 p. 162; ex. 6 & 7 p. 163 - 164 // GRAMMAR: ADVERBS p. 166 – 169
- April 28, 2025: ex. 10 & 11 p. 143; ex. 12 p. 144 – 145; ex. 13 p. 145 // GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENTS) p. 146 – 150
- May 5, 2025: Glossary: Education p. 36 - 38 / ex. A p. 37 // Text 5 We want you! p. 51 - 53
- May 7, 2025: ex. 5b & 5c p. 55 // ex. C p. 38 // Glossary: Working life p. 60 - 61 / ex. A, B & C p. 61
- May 12, 2025: GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH (INDIRECT QUESTIONS) p. 176 – 178 // ex. 18 p. 180
- May 14, 2025: ex. 21 p. 182 // COMMANDS, PROHIBITIONS, AND REQUESTS p. 184 / ex. 27 p. 185 // ex. 28 p. 185 // Glossary: Economy p. 112 - 113
- May 19, 2025: GRAMMAR: // GRAMMAR: VERBS WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS p. 194 // GRAMMAR: VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS p. 187 – 191 / ex. 31 p. 193 / ex. 34 p. 196 // ex. A, B & C p. 113
- May 21, 2025: GRAMMAR: NOUNS AND PREPOSITIONS p. 197 – 200 / GRAMMAR: ADJECTIVES AND PREPOSITIONS p. 203 – 209 / ex. 38 p. 202 // ex. 41 & 42 p. 212 // Repetitia
HOME ASSIGNMENTS:
- CV (CURRICULUM VITAE) in English / DEADLINE: on May 19th, 2025 / Before you do anything, have a close look at pages 142 - 143!
- PERSONAL STATEMENT (700 – 1,300 characters) (= exercise 1 / STEP 1, page 145) DEADLINE: on May 19th, 2025 / Before you do anything, have a close look at pages 144 - 145!
DIGITAL EXAM at 17.00 – 21.00 hours on Thursday, May 22nd, 2025:
The exam consists of the following parts:
- a) LC / listening comprehension
- b) RC / reading comprehension
- c) MC / multiple choice
- d) Grammar: 1) adjectives, 2) adverbs, 3) reported speech, 4) verbs without prepositions, 5) verbs with prepositions, 6) nouns with prepositions, 7) adjectives with prepositions
- e) Translations and vocabulary on the texts that we have dealt with during the course
- f) Composition of 700 – 1,300 charactars
THE GRADE ON COURSE 6 CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:
- Written digital exam with the listening parts at 17.00 – 21.00 hours on Thursday, May 22nd, 2025
- Home Assignments (+)
- Activity during the lessons (+)
You will have your exams back on e-mail, but I shall be available for questions in person in Class Room 31 or digitally at 16.00 – 17.30 on Wednesday, May 28th, 2025.
RETAKE EXAM:
at 17.00 – 20.05 hours on Friday, on September 5th, 2025 = UUSINTAKOE, johon on ehdottomasti ILMOITTAUDUTTAVA ETUKÄTEEN kansliasta saatavalla vaaleansinisellä lomakkeella viimeistään VIIKKOA ENNEN KOETTA eli perjantaina 29.8.2025. Uusintakoelomakkeesta on myös olemassa sähköinen lomake. Nettisivuilla on pdf, jonka voi suoraan täyttää ja lähettää liitetiedostona kansliaan. Lomake löytyy täältä: https://www.tyk.fi/aikuislukio/tietoa/lomakkeet/
April 14th, 2025
HW: ex. 2b p. 16, ex. 2c p. 16, ex. 2d p. 17
After we have carefully reviewed your application, ...
mow the lawn = cut the grass
a lawn mower = ruohonleikkuri
prestige (n.) = arvonanto; arvovalta
prestigious (adj.) = arvoisa
a dorm
= a dormitory (n.) = makuusali = opiskelija-asuntola
an admissions letter = an acceptance letter = hyväksymiskirje
admit (v.) = accept (v.)
After we have carefully reviewed your application, ...
mow the lawn = cut the grass
a lawn mower = ruohonleikkuri
prestige (n.) = arvonanto; arvovalta
prestigious (adj.) = arvoisa
a dorm
= a dormitory (n.) = makuusali = opiskelija-asuntola
an admissions letter = an acceptance letter = hyväksymiskirje
admit (v.) = accept (v.)
April 16th, 2025
HW: ex. 2 p. 161, ex.3 p. 161, ex. 5 p. 162, ex. 6 p. 163
Maundy Thursday
Good Friday
Easter
embarrass (v.) = nolostuttaa
embarrassing (adj.) = nolo
She behaved in an embarrassing way/ fashion / manner.
embarrassed (adj.) = nolona
I was embarrassed after I understood she had heard everything I had said.
more embarrassing / the most embarrassing
I was more embarrassed than my sister.
I was the most embarrassed of all.
ADJECTIVES:
slow = positiivi Erja is as slow as a snail.
slower = komparatiivi I am slower than you.
the slowest I am sure I am the slowest.
short - shorter - the shortest
beautiful She is as beautiful as her sister.
more beautiful She is more beautiful than Mary.
the most beautiful Anne Pohtamo was once the beautiful woman in the world.
Are you well?
Are you afraid of death?
He is ill / sick.
He is a sick man.
It was a scary / frightening situation
rich / poor
the rich / the poor
The problems of the rich are different from / to / than the problems of the poor.
Ovat ihmisistä, joten verbi on MONIKOSSA:
The rich don't understand the poor.
the talented / the unemployed
The English always talk about the weather.
the British
the Irish
the Welsh
the French
the Dutch
the Chinese
the Japanese
the Portuguese
Asioista tehdyt substantiivit ovat YKSIKKÖJA.
The unknown scares me. = Tuntematon pelottaa minua.
Maundy Thursday
Good Friday
Easter
embarrass (v.) = nolostuttaa
embarrassing (adj.) = nolo
She behaved in an embarrassing way/ fashion / manner.
embarrassed (adj.) = nolona
I was embarrassed after I understood she had heard everything I had said.
more embarrassing / the most embarrassing
I was more embarrassed than my sister.
I was the most embarrassed of all.
ADJECTIVES:
slow = positiivi Erja is as slow as a snail.
slower = komparatiivi I am slower than you.
the slowest I am sure I am the slowest.
short - shorter - the shortest
beautiful She is as beautiful as her sister.
more beautiful She is more beautiful than Mary.
the most beautiful Anne Pohtamo was once the beautiful woman in the world.
Are you well?
Are you afraid of death?
He is ill / sick.
He is a sick man.
It was a scary / frightening situation
rich / poor
the rich / the poor
The problems of the rich are different from / to / than the problems of the poor.
Ovat ihmisistä, joten verbi on MONIKOSSA:
The rich don't understand the poor.
the talented / the unemployed
The English always talk about the weather.
the British
the Irish
the Welsh
the French
the Dutch
the Chinese
the Japanese
the Portuguese
Asioista tehdyt substantiivit ovat YKSIKKÖJA.
The unknown scares me. = Tuntematon pelottaa minua.
Teksti
2b Which sentence is in keeping with the text?
1. b, 2. a, 3. a, 4. b, 5. a, 6. a, 7. b, 8. b, 9. b, 10. b
2c Spot the phrase Spot the phrase. How are these phrases expressed in the text? 1. it must have looked pretty weird 2. far more terrifying 3. our neighbour across the street 4. that's what I had been told by family members 5. obligated to say such things 6. wasn't good enough for Harvard 7. after carefully reviewing your application 8. in the event that 9. a life or death situation 10. a safe distance away from oncoming traffic 11. all my hard work had actually paid off 12. in typical Harvard fashion 13. they were too busy cheering 14. giggling with delight while reading it 15. turned the page
Ratkaisut 2d Fill in according to the clues. Use the previous exercise for help.
A few years ago, I learned that sometimes it 1. pays off to ask for help. It was time to write my college application essays but I was afraid 2. I wasn’t smart enough and wouldn’t stand out from the crowd. My high school teachers said I was a bright student, but they were just 3. obligated to say so. Finally, my mother told me to ask Mr Fuller from 4. across the street to 5. review my application. He was a retired English Professor but he was very intimidating. However, the thought of not getting into college was 6. far more terrifying/frightening/scary, so I decided to go over to his house. This was 7. a life or death situation / a matter of life or death, after all. I reminded my mum that my funeral song choice was “Another one bites the dust” (8. in the event that / in case I wouldn’t make it back.) Mr Fuller opened the door and stared at me 9. in his typical grim fashion/manner/way. I explained my situation and he agreed to go through my application. He wasn’t exactly 10. laughing with joy/delight when he read my essay, but he wasn’t cringing with embarrassment either. In the end, I got some useful advice and eventually I got into the college I had hoped to get into.
1. b, 2. a, 3. a, 4. b, 5. a, 6. a, 7. b, 8. b, 9. b, 10. b
2c Spot the phrase Spot the phrase. How are these phrases expressed in the text? 1. it must have looked pretty weird 2. far more terrifying 3. our neighbour across the street 4. that's what I had been told by family members 5. obligated to say such things 6. wasn't good enough for Harvard 7. after carefully reviewing your application 8. in the event that 9. a life or death situation 10. a safe distance away from oncoming traffic 11. all my hard work had actually paid off 12. in typical Harvard fashion 13. they were too busy cheering 14. giggling with delight while reading it 15. turned the page
Ratkaisut 2d Fill in according to the clues. Use the previous exercise for help.
A few years ago, I learned that sometimes it 1. pays off to ask for help. It was time to write my college application essays but I was afraid 2. I wasn’t smart enough and wouldn’t stand out from the crowd. My high school teachers said I was a bright student, but they were just 3. obligated to say so. Finally, my mother told me to ask Mr Fuller from 4. across the street to 5. review my application. He was a retired English Professor but he was very intimidating. However, the thought of not getting into college was 6. far more terrifying/frightening/scary, so I decided to go over to his house. This was 7. a life or death situation / a matter of life or death, after all. I reminded my mum that my funeral song choice was “Another one bites the dust” (8. in the event that / in case I wouldn’t make it back.) Mr Fuller opened the door and stared at me 9. in his typical grim fashion/manner/way. I explained my situation and he agreed to go through my application. He wasn’t exactly 10. laughing with joy/delight when he read my essay, but he wasn’t cringing with embarrassment either. In the end, I got some useful advice and eventually I got into the college I had hoped to get into.
April 23rd, 2025
HW ex. A & B & C p. 37 - 38
exercise 2 Work with a partner and say the sentences in English.
1. This is the best summer job (that) I have ever had.
2. The salary/pay is better than last summer.
3. The work days / working days are longer than before.
4. My work is more interesting than I thought.
5. My colleagues are also the most helpful people (that) I know.
6. My job sounds worse than yours.
7. At least the salary/pay is smaller/lower.
8. The days seem longer than at school.
9. Even the teachers are more understanding than my boss.
10. Luckily my colleagues are also the greatest / the most amazing (that) I have ever had.
exercise 3 Work with a partner and say the sentences in English.
1. My car is as good as yours.
2. But it’s not as good as my old car.
3. John thinks (that) he is better than everyone else.
4. I get / am getting much / a lot better/higher grades/marks than last year even though / although / though the modules are a bit / a little harder / more difficult.
5. The more I sleep, the more tired I am.
6. Especially in the fall/autumn when (the) days get shorter and shorter.
7. This year has been even rainier / more rainy than last year.
8. Have you seen the latest Star Wars film?
9. Is it different from/than/to the first (one)?
10. I think it’s too similar to the first (one).
11. I have the same dress as you. Luckily I didn’t put it on today.
12. I hate people who think that they are superior to others.
13. They try to make everyone/everybody else feel inferior to them.
14. The more/further I study, the more interesting everything gets.
exercise 5 Fill in. Use each word only once.
1. That was such a sick joke that I was physically ill afterwards.
2. I’m so afraid of scary movies.
3. I’m so glad to hear such happy news!
4. Judy says she is not a lonely person even though she lives alone.
5. You really should let sleeping dogs stay asleep.
6. Tina is living proof of what it is like when you are really alive.
exercise 6 Fill in according to the clues.
1. My baby sister is five years old, but I also have a twenty-year-old brother.
2. The news said that every young person / every teenager spends an astounding number of hours per day online.
3. Are you afraid of the unknown?
4. That’s it! You’re grounded for the next / the following three weeks.
5. Do you think young people / the young are more open-minded than old people / the old?
6. There are more 90-year-olds now than ever before.
7. Good old Peter. You can always trust him to take care of all the silly little details.
8. The past few weeks / The last couple of weeks have been the best weeks of my life.
9. My grandmother lived in that little red cottage up on the hill.
exercise 2 Work with a partner and say the sentences in English.
1. This is the best summer job (that) I have ever had.
2. The salary/pay is better than last summer.
3. The work days / working days are longer than before.
4. My work is more interesting than I thought.
5. My colleagues are also the most helpful people (that) I know.
6. My job sounds worse than yours.
7. At least the salary/pay is smaller/lower.
8. The days seem longer than at school.
9. Even the teachers are more understanding than my boss.
10. Luckily my colleagues are also the greatest / the most amazing (that) I have ever had.
exercise 3 Work with a partner and say the sentences in English.
1. My car is as good as yours.
2. But it’s not as good as my old car.
3. John thinks (that) he is better than everyone else.
4. I get / am getting much / a lot better/higher grades/marks than last year even though / although / though the modules are a bit / a little harder / more difficult.
5. The more I sleep, the more tired I am.
6. Especially in the fall/autumn when (the) days get shorter and shorter.
7. This year has been even rainier / more rainy than last year.
8. Have you seen the latest Star Wars film?
9. Is it different from/than/to the first (one)?
10. I think it’s too similar to the first (one).
11. I have the same dress as you. Luckily I didn’t put it on today.
12. I hate people who think that they are superior to others.
13. They try to make everyone/everybody else feel inferior to them.
14. The more/further I study, the more interesting everything gets.
exercise 5 Fill in. Use each word only once.
1. That was such a sick joke that I was physically ill afterwards.
2. I’m so afraid of scary movies.
3. I’m so glad to hear such happy news!
4. Judy says she is not a lonely person even though she lives alone.
5. You really should let sleeping dogs stay asleep.
6. Tina is living proof of what it is like when you are really alive.
exercise 6 Fill in according to the clues.
1. My baby sister is five years old, but I also have a twenty-year-old brother.
2. The news said that every young person / every teenager spends an astounding number of hours per day online.
3. Are you afraid of the unknown?
4. That’s it! You’re grounded for the next / the following three weeks.
5. Do you think young people / the young are more open-minded than old people / the old?
6. There are more 90-year-olds now than ever before.
7. Good old Peter. You can always trust him to take care of all the silly little details.
8. The past few weeks / The last couple of weeks have been the best weeks of my life.
9. My grandmother lived in that little red cottage up on the hill.
April 28th, 2025
HW ex. 10 p. 170, ex. 11 p. 171, ex. 12 p. 172, ex. 13 p. 173
EPÄSUORA ESITYS / REPORTED SPEECH:
"I am a teacher."
Erja says / claims / tells us that she is teacher.
"I will stop the war in Ukraine in a day /in a hundred day."
Donald J. Trump claims that he will stop the war in Ukraine in a day.
Donald Trump claimed that he would stop the war war in Ukraine in a day.
"I have accomplished a lot in economy."
a) Donald says that he has accomplished a lot in in the field of economy. kun johtolauseessa preesens, perfekti ei muutu
b) Donald said that he had accomplished a lot in the field of economy. kun johtolauseessa on imperfekti, perfekti muuttuu pluskvamperfektiksi epäsuorassa kerronnassa
Adverbs:
slowly - more slowly - most slowly
I walk
.
I walk as slowly as a 90-year-old grandmother.
I walk more slowly than you.
I walk most slowly of all of you.
-ic
automatic -automatically
basic - basically
energetic - energetically
NB!
public - publicly = in public
NB!
lively
lovely
silly
friendly = kind
She behaves in a friendly way / manner / fashion.
She talks in a lively way / manner / fashion.
She smiles in a lovely way / manner / fashion.
She behaved in a silly way / manner / fashion.
An early bird gets the worm.
I woke up early.
Mika Häkkinen is a fast driver.
He drives fast.
He is a hard worker.
He works hard.
NB! hardly = barely = scarcely = TUSKIN
My late sister never came late. = Edesmennyt sisareni ei ollut koskaan myöhässä.
He is highly educated. = korkeasti koulutettu
Catherine Deneuve is an exceptionally beautiful actress.
BSc = Bachelor of Science
MSc = Master of Science
a thesis / many theses
a dissertation = väitöskirja
I majored in English Philogy.
My major was English Philogy.
enroll on a course = sign up for a course
Töölö Upper Secondary School for Adults
A-levels = Advanced levels
O-levels = Ordinary levels
I am also interested in a polytechnic.
I am also keen on a university of applied sciences.
EPÄSUORA ESITYS / REPORTED SPEECH:
"I am a teacher."
Erja says / claims / tells us that she is teacher.
"I will stop the war in Ukraine in a day /in a hundred day."
Donald J. Trump claims that he will stop the war in Ukraine in a day.
Donald Trump claimed that he would stop the war war in Ukraine in a day.
"I have accomplished a lot in economy."
a) Donald says that he has accomplished a lot in in the field of economy. kun johtolauseessa preesens, perfekti ei muutu
b) Donald said that he had accomplished a lot in the field of economy. kun johtolauseessa on imperfekti, perfekti muuttuu pluskvamperfektiksi epäsuorassa kerronnassa
Adverbs:
slowly - more slowly - most slowly
I walk
.
I walk as slowly as a 90-year-old grandmother.
I walk more slowly than you.
I walk most slowly of all of you.
-ic
automatic -automatically
basic - basically
energetic - energetically
NB!
public - publicly = in public
NB!
lively
lovely
silly
friendly = kind
She behaves in a friendly way / manner / fashion.
She talks in a lively way / manner / fashion.
She smiles in a lovely way / manner / fashion.
She behaved in a silly way / manner / fashion.
An early bird gets the worm.
I woke up early.
Mika Häkkinen is a fast driver.
He drives fast.
He is a hard worker.
He works hard.
NB! hardly = barely = scarcely = TUSKIN
My late sister never came late. = Edesmennyt sisareni ei ollut koskaan myöhässä.
He is highly educated. = korkeasti koulutettu
Catherine Deneuve is an exceptionally beautiful actress.
BSc = Bachelor of Science
MSc = Master of Science
a thesis / many theses
a dissertation = väitöskirja
I majored in English Philogy.
My major was English Philogy.
enroll on a course = sign up for a course
Töölö Upper Secondary School for Adults
A-levels = Advanced levels
O-levels = Ordinary levels
I am also interested in a polytechnic.
I am also keen on a university of applied sciences.
April 28th, 2025
Glossary: Education
exercise A In 1. junior high I had no idea that I would be writing my
2. thesis / doctoral thesis in biochemistry.
Biology was one of my least favourite subjects in 3. upper secondary school / senior high school / high school / sixth form and
I didn’t take any 4. optional/elective courses on biology, let alone chemistry.
After 5. graduating, I started to think what I might become eventually.
I had poor grades from my 6. matriculation examination, meaning that I would have
to 7. retake/resit nearly all the exams and consider taking new ones as well.
And I started 8. cramming / to cram in earnest.
Gradually, biology became fascinating and first jokingly, I started talking about 9. majoring in biology.
And that was the course I eventually 10. applied for and got accepted to as well.
I spent a year at Stockholm University as an 11. undergraduate, which gave me a clear idea of what
my 12. Master’s thesis / master's thesis would be about. It took me a year to complete it, but I was praised for my work. And one thing led to another, so I found myself applying for 13. grants / a grant and getting
prepared for 14. postgraduate studies. So here I am.
exercise B 1. semester 2. elective 3. thesis 4. major 5. enrol 6. flunk 7. faculty 8. polytechnic 9. applicant 10. university 11. credit 12. grant 13. non-graded 14. report 15. exam 16. campus 17. diploma
exercise C (Suggested)
1. Do you always have a full / busy schedule / timetable in each / every period?
2. I got a lot of new friends at the start / beginning of non-graded upper secondary school.
. In comprehensive school I used to get good grades / marks.
4. Right now I'm studying for entrance exams.
5. A university of applied sciences / a polytechnic and open university also interest me. / I'm also interested in …
exercise A In 1. junior high I had no idea that I would be writing my
2. thesis / doctoral thesis in biochemistry.
Biology was one of my least favourite subjects in 3. upper secondary school / senior high school / high school / sixth form and
I didn’t take any 4. optional/elective courses on biology, let alone chemistry.
After 5. graduating, I started to think what I might become eventually.
I had poor grades from my 6. matriculation examination, meaning that I would have
to 7. retake/resit nearly all the exams and consider taking new ones as well.
And I started 8. cramming / to cram in earnest.
Gradually, biology became fascinating and first jokingly, I started talking about 9. majoring in biology.
And that was the course I eventually 10. applied for and got accepted to as well.
I spent a year at Stockholm University as an 11. undergraduate, which gave me a clear idea of what
my 12. Master’s thesis / master's thesis would be about. It took me a year to complete it, but I was praised for my work. And one thing led to another, so I found myself applying for 13. grants / a grant and getting
prepared for 14. postgraduate studies. So here I am.
exercise B 1. semester 2. elective 3. thesis 4. major 5. enrol 6. flunk 7. faculty 8. polytechnic 9. applicant 10. university 11. credit 12. grant 13. non-graded 14. report 15. exam 16. campus 17. diploma
exercise C (Suggested)
1. Do you always have a full / busy schedule / timetable in each / every period?
2. I got a lot of new friends at the start / beginning of non-graded upper secondary school.
. In comprehensive school I used to get good grades / marks.
4. Right now I'm studying for entrance exams.
5. A university of applied sciences / a polytechnic and open university also interest me. / I'm also interested in …
May 5th, 2025
exercise 10 Work with a partner and say the sentences in English.
1. They lived happily ever after.
2. Peter works very hard and still always smiles kindly / in a friendly way/manner.
3. I’ll be/come home shortly/soon.
4. Briefly explain to me what happened. / Explain to me briefly what happened.
5. Do you always sleep this late?
6. I’ve woken up before seven every morning lately/recently.
7. I hate to sing in public/publicly.
8. The car was slipping / slipped sideways on the road.
9. Do you think it is important to be highly educated?
10. The movie/film last night was totally/really amazing.
11. I’m a bit late as usual.
12. This test/exam was surprisingly easy!
exercise 11 Fill in the adjectives and adverbs.
1. Tom is a hard worker. He works hard. He hardly ever takes any breaks.
2. Sue is a careful girl. She climbed up the ladder carefully.
3. The dog sounds angry. It's barking angrily.
4. He performed excellently. He's an excellent actor.
5. They're learning English easily. They think English is an easy language.
6. Max is a good guitarist. He plays well.
7. It's awfully cold today. The cold winter is awful.
8. Dogs can rely on their noses since they can smell extremely well.
9. The boy looked friendly. I went over to talk to him and he looked at me in a friendly way/manner.
10. I only saw him briefly. It was a brief conversation.
exercise 12 Fill in according to the Finnish clues. Check your answers by listening to the stories.
Have you ever wondered what 1. the worst job interview would be like? How would you react if you experienced something 2. as strange/weird/bizarre/odd as the following examples? “I was interviewing for a job that sounded 3. more suitable than any job I had ever applied for. During the 4. two-hour interview, I realised that couldn’t have been 5. further from the truth. Towards the end the questions were getting 6. more and more confusing. At the end of the 7. awkwardly long interview, the interviewer 8. apologetically told me that even though I was 9. perfectly qualified for the job, they had already decided to hire somebody else. Having already scheduled the interview on her schedule, she said she didn’t want her time to go to waste. I guess my time was so much 10. less important, it didn’t matter.” “In my early twenties I had an interview at 11. one of the best-known department stores. Wanting to make a long-lasting first impression, I decided to focus on every detail. So I wore my best skirt even though I had gained a few pounds since buying it. I was 12. well-prepared to answer every question 13. briefly but informatively enough, and I was convinced they would hire me. The personnel manager greeted me 14. in a friendly way/manner/fashion and my confidence grew 15. greater and greater as I walked in front of him towards his office. Once at the office he looked 16. strangely uncomfortable. Before I managed to say a word, he suggested that I would go to the ladies room to check on my skirt. To my horror, the mirror in the ladies room revealed a huge tear in my skirt. My face turned 17. as red as the underwear that was showing. I was 18. way/much/far too embarrassed to return to the office having been showing off my underwear 19. in public / publicly. In addition to not getting the job, I decided it was 20. best to do my shopping in another store in the future as well.”
exercise 13 Translate the questions. After checking them, take turns asking and answering them in pairs or small groups. (Suggested)
1. What will be the fastest-growing fields of study in the future?
2. Is it more and more important to be highly educated (in order) to get a well-paid job?
3. What are the most dangerous jobs of all / by far the most dangerous jobs and why? / What jobs are the most dangerous of all and why?
4. Would you rather do a physically demanding job or study hard/diligently to become a lawyer, for example?
5. The better the salary, the bigger/greater the responsibility. Do you agree (with this)?
6. Do young people / the young have as strong a work ethic as older generations?
1. They lived happily ever after.
2. Peter works very hard and still always smiles kindly / in a friendly way/manner.
3. I’ll be/come home shortly/soon.
4. Briefly explain to me what happened. / Explain to me briefly what happened.
5. Do you always sleep this late?
6. I’ve woken up before seven every morning lately/recently.
7. I hate to sing in public/publicly.
8. The car was slipping / slipped sideways on the road.
9. Do you think it is important to be highly educated?
10. The movie/film last night was totally/really amazing.
11. I’m a bit late as usual.
12. This test/exam was surprisingly easy!
exercise 11 Fill in the adjectives and adverbs.
1. Tom is a hard worker. He works hard. He hardly ever takes any breaks.
2. Sue is a careful girl. She climbed up the ladder carefully.
3. The dog sounds angry. It's barking angrily.
4. He performed excellently. He's an excellent actor.
5. They're learning English easily. They think English is an easy language.
6. Max is a good guitarist. He plays well.
7. It's awfully cold today. The cold winter is awful.
8. Dogs can rely on their noses since they can smell extremely well.
9. The boy looked friendly. I went over to talk to him and he looked at me in a friendly way/manner.
10. I only saw him briefly. It was a brief conversation.
exercise 12 Fill in according to the Finnish clues. Check your answers by listening to the stories.
Have you ever wondered what 1. the worst job interview would be like? How would you react if you experienced something 2. as strange/weird/bizarre/odd as the following examples? “I was interviewing for a job that sounded 3. more suitable than any job I had ever applied for. During the 4. two-hour interview, I realised that couldn’t have been 5. further from the truth. Towards the end the questions were getting 6. more and more confusing. At the end of the 7. awkwardly long interview, the interviewer 8. apologetically told me that even though I was 9. perfectly qualified for the job, they had already decided to hire somebody else. Having already scheduled the interview on her schedule, she said she didn’t want her time to go to waste. I guess my time was so much 10. less important, it didn’t matter.” “In my early twenties I had an interview at 11. one of the best-known department stores. Wanting to make a long-lasting first impression, I decided to focus on every detail. So I wore my best skirt even though I had gained a few pounds since buying it. I was 12. well-prepared to answer every question 13. briefly but informatively enough, and I was convinced they would hire me. The personnel manager greeted me 14. in a friendly way/manner/fashion and my confidence grew 15. greater and greater as I walked in front of him towards his office. Once at the office he looked 16. strangely uncomfortable. Before I managed to say a word, he suggested that I would go to the ladies room to check on my skirt. To my horror, the mirror in the ladies room revealed a huge tear in my skirt. My face turned 17. as red as the underwear that was showing. I was 18. way/much/far too embarrassed to return to the office having been showing off my underwear 19. in public / publicly. In addition to not getting the job, I decided it was 20. best to do my shopping in another store in the future as well.”
exercise 13 Translate the questions. After checking them, take turns asking and answering them in pairs or small groups. (Suggested)
1. What will be the fastest-growing fields of study in the future?
2. Is it more and more important to be highly educated (in order) to get a well-paid job?
3. What are the most dangerous jobs of all / by far the most dangerous jobs and why? / What jobs are the most dangerous of all and why?
4. Would you rather do a physically demanding job or study hard/diligently to become a lawyer, for example?
5. The better the salary, the bigger/greater the responsibility. Do you agree (with this)?
6. Do young people / the young have as strong a work ethic as older generations?
Teksti
HW: Glossary: Working life ex. A, B & C p. 61
in general = generally
still / yet lauseen alussa = however / nevertheless / nonetheless
He was very sick. Yet / Still he is working.
Once upon a time there was a little girl...
She has a 70-year-old grandmother.
awkward (adj.)
apologetic / apologetically (adv.)
well-known, better-known, the best-known
Tom Cruise is a well-known actor.
a lawyer / a barrister / a solicitor / an attorney / an advocate
moral = moraalinen (adj.)
morale = taiostelumoraali; henkinen ryhti
ethic; e.g. a work ethic = työmoraali
ethics = etiikka; elämänkatsomustieto
curriculum vitae = CV
He / She is on parental leave.
She is on maternity leave.
beautiful, more beautiful, the most beautiful = adjektiivi; kaunis, kauniimpi, kaunein
beautifully, more beautifully, most beautifully (ei tule määräistä artikkelia) = adverbi = kauniisti, kauniimmin, kauneinten
in general = generally
still / yet lauseen alussa = however / nevertheless / nonetheless
He was very sick. Yet / Still he is working.
Once upon a time there was a little girl...
She has a 70-year-old grandmother.
awkward (adj.)
apologetic / apologetically (adv.)
well-known, better-known, the best-known
Tom Cruise is a well-known actor.
a lawyer / a barrister / a solicitor / an attorney / an advocate
moral = moraalinen (adj.)
morale = taiostelumoraali; henkinen ryhti
ethic; e.g. a work ethic = työmoraali
ethics = etiikka; elämänkatsomustieto
curriculum vitae = CV
a resume
a teacher trainee = opetusharjoittelija
I was on sick leave.He / She is on parental leave.
She is on maternity leave.
beautiful, more beautiful, the most beautiful = adjektiivi; kaunis, kauniimpi, kaunein
beautifully, more beautifully, most beautifully (ei tule määräistä artikkelia) = adverbi = kauniisti, kauniimmin, kauneinten
May 7th, 2025
HW: ex. 16 p. 179, ex. 18 p. 180; ex. 20 p. 182, ex. 21 p. 182
REPORTED SPPECH:
1. STATEMENTS:
Federal Chancellor Friedrich Merz:
"I will travel to Paris tomorrow."
a) Federal Chancellor Friedrich Merz says that he will travel to Paris tomorrow.
b) Federal Chancellor Friedrich Merz said that he would travel to Paris the next day / the following day.
"I will travel to Warsaw this week."
a) He tells the press that he will travel to Warsaw this week.
b) He told the press that he would travel to Warsaw that week.
"I was surprised yesterday after the vote."
a) He admits that he was surprised yesterday after the vote.
b) He admitted that he had been surprised the previous day / the day before after the vote.
"I will meet Emmanuel Macron here."
a) He claims that he will meet Emmanuel Macron here.
b) He claimed that he would meet Emmanuel Macron there.
2. INDIRECT QUESTIONS:
"Where do you live?" = käänteinen sanajärjestys: PREDIKAATISTA 1. osa ensin, ja sitten vasta subjekti
a) Matti asks me where I live. = suora sanajärjestys = SUBJEKTI ensin, sitten vasta PREDIKAATTI
b) Matti asked me where I lived.
"What do we eat?"
a) We are what we eat.
b) We were what we ate.
"When will you travel to Australia?"
a) Matti wants to know when you will travel to Australia.
b) Matti wanted to know when you would travel to Australia.
quit, quit, quit
quit, quitted, quitted
employ (v.) = työllistää
a career
a carrier
an OAP = an old age pensioner
a physician = a doctor
The sooner, the better. = Mitä pikemmin, sitä parempi.
(to) set up a company
staff = personnel
personal (adj.)
staff
stuff
an entrepreneur = yrittäjä
entrepreneurship = yrittäjyys
run a company / a business / an enterprise / a firm
employ (v.)
an employer (n.)
an employee (n.)
employable (adj.)
unemployable (ad.)
employment (n.)
unemployment (n.)
an unemployment benefit (n.)
unemployed (adj.)
the unemployed = the jobless
The unemployed are entitled to unemployment benefit. = Työttömät ovat oikeutettuja työttömyyskorvaukseen.
REPORTED SPPECH:
1. STATEMENTS:
Federal Chancellor Friedrich Merz:
"I will travel to Paris tomorrow."
a) Federal Chancellor Friedrich Merz says that he will travel to Paris tomorrow.
b) Federal Chancellor Friedrich Merz said that he would travel to Paris the next day / the following day.
"I will travel to Warsaw this week."
a) He tells the press that he will travel to Warsaw this week.
b) He told the press that he would travel to Warsaw that week.
"I was surprised yesterday after the vote."
a) He admits that he was surprised yesterday after the vote.
b) He admitted that he had been surprised the previous day / the day before after the vote.
"I will meet Emmanuel Macron here."
a) He claims that he will meet Emmanuel Macron here.
b) He claimed that he would meet Emmanuel Macron there.
2. INDIRECT QUESTIONS:
"Where do you live?" = käänteinen sanajärjestys: PREDIKAATISTA 1. osa ensin, ja sitten vasta subjekti
a) Matti asks me where I live. = suora sanajärjestys = SUBJEKTI ensin, sitten vasta PREDIKAATTI
b) Matti asked me where I lived.
"What do we eat?"
a) We are what we eat.
b) We were what we ate.
"When will you travel to Australia?"
a) Matti wants to know when you will travel to Australia.
b) Matti wanted to know when you would travel to Australia.
quit, quit, quit
quit, quitted, quitted
employ (v.) = työllistää
a career
a carrier
an OAP = an old age pensioner
a physician = a doctor
The sooner, the better. = Mitä pikemmin, sitä parempi.
(to) set up a company
staff = personnel
personal (adj.)
staff
stuff
an entrepreneur = yrittäjä
entrepreneurship = yrittäjyys
run a company / a business / an enterprise / a firm
employ (v.)
an employer (n.)
an employee (n.)
employable (adj.)
unemployable (ad.)
employment (n.)
unemployment (n.)
an unemployment benefit (n.)
unemployed (adj.)
the unemployed = the jobless
The unemployed are entitled to unemployment benefit. = Työttömät ovat oikeutettuja työttömyyskorvaukseen.
Teksti
Glossary: Working life A Replace the underlined words with synonyms given in the glossary.
1. My aunt resigned in January and has been applying for a job / has been looking for work ever since.
2. Many restaurants and hotels seem to be interested in finding more personnel these days.
3. Is it a good fringe benefit to get free lunches at the restaurant where you work?
4. Is the nearby cafe hiring/employing new employees/workers at the moment?
5. It's owned by an entrepreneur who works all hours.
6. Will you never rest if you run a business / an enterprise?
B Fill in the blanks. The ends of the words have been given. When choosing an 1. occupation, the first thing to come to mind probably isn’t the 2. retirement age.
Regardless of your career 3. prospects and even chances of getting a 4. promotion, the fact is that you need money to hang your hat early and become an old age 5. pensioner.
The higher your 6. salary, the easier it should be to save some money while still in 7. working life.
8. Qualified/Skilled physicians, surgeons and orthodontists tend to earn nicely.
As far as people outside the medical 9. professions/occupations are concerned, there are also 10. entrepreneurs who manage to retire early.
This is worth considering if you are looking for an 11. apprenticeship and choosing firms to gain experience.
Who knows, you might set up your own successful 12. company one of these days.
C Step 1 Translate the questions. 1. How familiar are you with this (line of) business? / How familiar is this (line of) business / work to you?
2. How often do you update your CV/resume?
3. How long have you been applying for a job?
4. What kind of perks/fringe benefits do you expect?
5. Have you ever been on strike or furloughed / on unpaid holiday?
6. Would you be willing to work on commission?
7. Have you ever considered becoming an entrepreneur / a self-employed person?
8. What kind of references did your previous employer give you?
9. What is a reasonable severance payment in your opinion?
10. What would make you quit your job / resign?
May 12th, 2025
exercise 16 Turn the direct quotes into reported speech. Remember to change tenses. You are the new star of a cookery show. Your partner checks.
1. The director complained (that) he/she was hungry.
2. The director added (that) they were all starving.
3. The producer admitted (that) he/she didn't like that/the cookery show.
4. The prop stylist stated (that) they/you couldn't expect good food there.
5. The photographer said (that) they would ask catering to take care of them.
6. The prop stylist told me (that) I wasn't a great cook.
7. The location scout added (that) he/she had never seen such a helpless case.
8. The wardrobe stylist commented (that) I couldn't even boil water.
9. The producer shouted (that) he/she was going to suggest that they change chefs the next/following day.
10. The photographer said (that) I might not be too pleased with that scenario.
11. The makeup artist told me (that) I didn't have to feel awful.
12. I reminded the crew (that) I (had) only started on that show the day before / the previous day.
13. I promised the crew (that) they would all get better free food the next/following day.
14. I pointed out (that) their expectations were too high and their stomachs too big.
15. I promised the crew (that) they were all going to have a slap-up meal with their new star chef there on set.
16. I claimed (that) they might not be as unhappy with my cooking the next/following day.
exercise 18 Turn the direct quotes into reported speech.
1. Grandma, it says here in the paper (that) the new Prime Minister is proud of his government.
2. Your grandson said (that) the unemployment rate had gone down / 'd gone down / 's gone down / has gone down. 3. Your grandson told you (that) Shark Tank wouldn't be / would not be on the next/following day.
4. It says here in the paper (that) the new Miss Finland doesn't like / does not like ice-hockey players.
5. Your grandson said (that) the local fire brigade rescued / had rescued a cat from a tree the previous day / the day before.
6. Your grandson said (that) there was a huge sand storm on Boa Vista and the tourists were trapped.
7. Your grandson told you (that) the price of ice-cream had fallen that week.
8. Your grandson said (that) spring fashion wasn't going to be / isn't going to be / was not going to be / is not going to be all about pastels and floral prints.
1. The director complained (that) he/she was hungry.
2. The director added (that) they were all starving.
3. The producer admitted (that) he/she didn't like that/the cookery show.
4. The prop stylist stated (that) they/you couldn't expect good food there.
5. The photographer said (that) they would ask catering to take care of them.
6. The prop stylist told me (that) I wasn't a great cook.
7. The location scout added (that) he/she had never seen such a helpless case.
8. The wardrobe stylist commented (that) I couldn't even boil water.
9. The producer shouted (that) he/she was going to suggest that they change chefs the next/following day.
10. The photographer said (that) I might not be too pleased with that scenario.
11. The makeup artist told me (that) I didn't have to feel awful.
12. I reminded the crew (that) I (had) only started on that show the day before / the previous day.
13. I promised the crew (that) they would all get better free food the next/following day.
14. I pointed out (that) their expectations were too high and their stomachs too big.
15. I promised the crew (that) they were all going to have a slap-up meal with their new star chef there on set.
16. I claimed (that) they might not be as unhappy with my cooking the next/following day.
exercise 18 Turn the direct quotes into reported speech.
1. Grandma, it says here in the paper (that) the new Prime Minister is proud of his government.
2. Your grandson said (that) the unemployment rate had gone down / 'd gone down / 's gone down / has gone down. 3. Your grandson told you (that) Shark Tank wouldn't be / would not be on the next/following day.
4. It says here in the paper (that) the new Miss Finland doesn't like / does not like ice-hockey players.
5. Your grandson said (that) the local fire brigade rescued / had rescued a cat from a tree the previous day / the day before.
6. Your grandson said (that) there was a huge sand storm on Boa Vista and the tourists were trapped.
7. Your grandson told you (that) the price of ice-cream had fallen that week.
8. Your grandson said (that) spring fashion wasn't going to be / isn't going to be / was not going to be / is not going to be all about pastels and floral prints.
Teksti
exercise 20 Work with a partner. You want to take out a loan at the local bank. Go and ask the following questions. You don’t have to change the tenses in this exercise.
1. I'd like to know what the term of this loan is.
2. Can you tell me what the interest rate is?
3. I'm wondering if/whether the rate is fixed or adjustable.
4. Do you happen to know when the interest rate can be adjusted?
5. I'd like to know how much my monthly payment will be.
6. Have you got any idea how the interest rate will be calculated?
7. I'm not sure if/whether the amount I owe is going to increase over time.
8. Tell me what the qualifications for the loan are.
9. I'd like to know why you recommend this loan to me.
10. I'm wondering if/whether there are other loans that also meet my needs.
11. I can't remember if/whether you said that I would have to make a decision soon.
12. I'm not sure if/whether the loan has to be paid back.
exercise 21 Work with a partner. You go for a job interview and report to your friend what you were asked. Remember to change the tenses as well.
1. First the interviewers asked me if/whether I could tell them a little about myself.
2. Then they wanted to know how I had heard about the vacancy.
3. They also asked me why I wanted that job.
4. They were wondering why they should hire me.
5. I had to tell them what my greatest strengths are/were.
6. Then they needed to know what I consider/considered my weaknesses
7. They inquired where I saw myself in five years.
8. They wondered what my dream job is/was.
9. They asked me why I was leaving my current job.
10. They wondered how I had dealt with stressful situations in the past.
11. They wanted to know what I like/liked to do in my free time
12. They asked me if/whether I had any questions for them.
1. I'd like to know what the term of this loan is.
2. Can you tell me what the interest rate is?
3. I'm wondering if/whether the rate is fixed or adjustable.
4. Do you happen to know when the interest rate can be adjusted?
5. I'd like to know how much my monthly payment will be.
6. Have you got any idea how the interest rate will be calculated?
7. I'm not sure if/whether the amount I owe is going to increase over time.
8. Tell me what the qualifications for the loan are.
9. I'd like to know why you recommend this loan to me.
10. I'm wondering if/whether there are other loans that also meet my needs.
11. I can't remember if/whether you said that I would have to make a decision soon.
12. I'm not sure if/whether the loan has to be paid back.
exercise 21 Work with a partner. You go for a job interview and report to your friend what you were asked. Remember to change the tenses as well.
1. First the interviewers asked me if/whether I could tell them a little about myself.
2. Then they wanted to know how I had heard about the vacancy.
3. They also asked me why I wanted that job.
4. They were wondering why they should hire me.
5. I had to tell them what my greatest strengths are/were.
6. Then they needed to know what I consider/considered my weaknesses
7. They inquired where I saw myself in five years.
8. They wondered what my dream job is/was.
9. They asked me why I was leaving my current job.
10. They wondered how I had dealt with stressful situations in the past.
11. They wanted to know what I like/liked to do in my free time
12. They asked me if/whether I had any questions for them.
Homework for Wednesday, May 14th: ex. 27 p. 185
3. COMMANDS, PROHIBITIONS and REQUESTS:
"Fasten your seatbelts."
The flying attendant asked us to fasten our seatbelts.
"Don't swim too far."
Mother warned us not to swim too far.
Hamlet: "To be or not to be..."
"Fasten your seatbelts."
The flying attendant asked us to fasten our seatbelts.
"Don't swim too far."
Mother warned us not to swim too far.
Hamlet: "To be or not to be..."
Teksti
exercise 25 Someone gives you ten pieces of advice. Turn the direct quotes into reported speech. Your partner checks
1. He told me to do my homework.
2. He told me not to start a fight I couldn't win.
3. He told me to expect complications.
4. He told me to accept my dark side.
5. He told me not to act unnaturally.
6. He told me to understand how the system works/worked.
7. He told me to believe in the system.
8. He told me not to think any plan is/was foolproof.
9. He told me never to work alone.
10. He told me not to forget to wear a pair of pantyhose over my head.
A retired bank robber was giving you advice. Not that you would ever rob a bank, would you?
1. He told me to do my homework.
2. He told me not to start a fight I couldn't win.
3. He told me to expect complications.
4. He told me to accept my dark side.
5. He told me not to act unnaturally.
6. He told me to understand how the system works/worked.
7. He told me to believe in the system.
8. He told me not to think any plan is/was foolproof.
9. He told me never to work alone.
10. He told me not to forget to wear a pair of pantyhose over my head.
A retired bank robber was giving you advice. Not that you would ever rob a bank, would you?
May 14th, 2025
HW: ex. 24 p. 183; ex. A & B & C p. 113, ex. 5b p. 55, ex. 5c p. 55, ex. 5d p. 56, ex. 5g p. 57
stand up = nousta ylös; pystyyn
stand out = erottua joukosta
can't stand = ei voi sietää
unemployed = jobless = out of work = between jobs
acquire = obtain = get
acquisition (n.)= omaksuminen (e.g. language acquisition)
a vacancy / pl. vacancies
savvy (adj.) = smart = bright = intelligent = älykäs; fiksu
savviness (n.) = intelligence = viisaus
a polytechnic = ammattikorkeakoulu
a university of applied sciences = amk
ASK s-b s-g: (tulee kaksi objektia)
He asked me a very difficult question.
envy s-b s-g:
She envied Karen her beauty.
Elvis has left the building.
leave, left, left = lähteä jstkn
I left him. / I left Paris.
leave for s-g = lähteä jnnkn
I left for London.
He left Paris for London.
Elvis entered the building.
Donald J. Trump was elected 47th President of the United States of America.
You attend a night school / an evening school.
VAIKUTTAA VERBINÄ: (affect / influence / impress)
affect: Sales affect inflation.
influence: He influences my decisions.
impact: It impacted me.
impress: He impresses me.
DISCUSS s-g:
We are going to discuss the war in Ukraine.
VISIT a place:
Have you ever visited New York City?
divorce s-b: She will divorce him.
Could you lend me some money? = Could you lend some money to me?
lend, lent, lend = lainata; antaa lainaksi
compete (v.)
competition (n.)
a competitor
consume (v.)
a consumer (n.)
consumption (n.)
Consumer Ombudsman = kuluttaja-asiamies
demand and supply = kysyntä ja tarjonta
the Great Depression = suuri lama (joka alkoi pörssiromahduksesta vuonna 1929)
slump = lama
He had an economical wife. = Hänellä on säästäväinen vaimo.
stand up = nousta ylös; pystyyn
stand out = erottua joukosta
can't stand = ei voi sietää
unemployed = jobless = out of work = between jobs
acquire = obtain = get
acquisition (n.)= omaksuminen (e.g. language acquisition)
a vacancy / pl. vacancies
savvy (adj.) = smart = bright = intelligent = älykäs; fiksu
savviness (n.) = intelligence = viisaus
a polytechnic = ammattikorkeakoulu
a university of applied sciences = amk
ASK s-b s-g: (tulee kaksi objektia)
He asked me a very difficult question.
envy s-b s-g:
She envied Karen her beauty.
Elvis has left the building.
leave, left, left = lähteä jstkn
I left him. / I left Paris.
leave for s-g = lähteä jnnkn
I left for London.
He left Paris for London.
Elvis entered the building.
Donald J. Trump was elected 47th President of the United States of America.
You attend a night school / an evening school.
VAIKUTTAA VERBINÄ: (affect / influence / impress)
affect: Sales affect inflation.
influence: He influences my decisions.
impact: It impacted me.
impress: He impresses me.
DISCUSS s-g:
We are going to discuss the war in Ukraine.
VISIT a place:
Have you ever visited New York City?
divorce s-b: She will divorce him.
Could you lend me some money? = Could you lend some money to me?
lend, lent, lend = lainata; antaa lainaksi
compete (v.)
competition (n.)
a competitor
consume (v.)
a consumer (n.)
consumption (n.)
Consumer Ombudsman = kuluttaja-asiamies
demand and supply = kysyntä ja tarjonta
the Great Depression = suuri lama (joka alkoi pörssiromahduksesta vuonna 1929)
slump = lama
He had an economical wife. = Hänellä on säästäväinen vaimo.
Teksti
exercise 27 A mother gave the following advice to a babysitter. Turn the advice into reported speech. Start each sentence with “She told me...”
1. She told me not to let the kids stay up late.
2. She told me to give them milk and cookies.
3. She told me never to turn the computer on for them.
4. She told me to play board games instead.
5. She told me not to leave them alone with the cat.
6. She told me not to leave the door unlocked.
1. She told me not to let the kids stay up late.
2. She told me to give them milk and cookies.
3. She told me never to turn the computer on for them.
4. She told me to play board games instead.
5. She told me not to leave them alone with the cat.
6. She told me not to leave the door unlocked.
May 19th, 2025
HW: ex. 29 p. 192, ex. 31 p. 193, ex. 32 p. 194 - 195
syyttää:2
1) accuse s-b OF s-g
Milosevic Slobodan was accused of genocide.
2) blame s-b FOR s-g
He blamed me for being late again.
Blame it on the weatherman.
3) charge s-b WITH s-g
He was charged WITH homicide.
4) prosecute s-b FOR s-g
in privativum:
insufficient
incredible
legal: illegal
regular: irregular
possible: impossible
provide s-b with s-g
The employer provides us with uniforms.
build (up)on s-g
apologize to s-b for s-g
I would like apologize to you for my bad behaviour.
an increase in s-g
a decrease in s-g
strive = pyrkiä
be good at s-g / be excellent at s-g / be talented / gifted at s-g // be bad at s-g
in your opinion
syyttää:2
1) accuse s-b OF s-g
Milosevic Slobodan was accused of genocide.
2) blame s-b FOR s-g
He blamed me for being late again.
Blame it on the weatherman.
3) charge s-b WITH s-g
He was charged WITH homicide.
4) prosecute s-b FOR s-g
in privativum:
insufficient
incredible
legal: illegal
regular: irregular
possible: impossible
provide s-b with s-g
The employer provides us with uniforms.
build (up)on s-g
apologize to s-b for s-g
I would like apologize to you for my bad behaviour.
an increase in s-g
a decrease in s-g
strive = pyrkiä
be good at s-g / be excellent at s-g / be talented / gifted at s-g // be bad at s-g
in your opinion
Teksti
exercise 5b Spot the phrase. How are these expressed in the text?
1. a better than average chance of getting work after graduatio
2. an impressive range of skills
3. a real edge when competing with graduates from other disciplines
4. a period of further study and work experience
5. enhance their employability
6. the largest increase in vacancies
7. demand is strong
8. higher unemployment rates
9. stand out in the labour market
exercise 5c Translate the following questions. Take turns in asking and answering them in pairs.
1. What helps graduates (to) stand out in the labour/job market?
2. Do you think it’s more important to acquire skills that can be applied to many jobs/professions than to focus on being excellent at one thing?
3. Which graduates have the highest unemployment rates and which are easily employable?
4. Which industries do you believe will have the largest increase in vacancies in the next 10 years and why?
5. What would you be willing to do to enhance your employability if your degree wasn’t enough/sufficient?
exercise 5d Fill in the missing words and prepositions.
1. Graduating from university doesn’t necessarily guarantee a graduate-level job.
2. According to experts, there are certain things that will make you more desirable
3. on/in the job/labour market. Graduates who have the abilities to
4. work in various fields are much more likely to find jobs
5. compared to/with graduates with a more limited
6. range of skills. Naturally, young people prefer to study things they are genuinely
7. interested in, but it would make sense to consider fields where there seems to be
8. an increase in / a growth in the number of vacancies. Of course, there are plenty of other factors that
9. contribute to a person becoming employed. Graduates
10. benefit greatly from work placements which
11. provides them with hands-on experience that they can later
12. build on. It might be
13. beneficial for you to consider studies that
14. report on graduate destinations, but to what degree would you be willing to
15. move into a career solely 16. based on its employment rates?
1. a better than average chance of getting work after graduatio
2. an impressive range of skills
3. a real edge when competing with graduates from other disciplines
4. a period of further study and work experience
5. enhance their employability
6. the largest increase in vacancies
7. demand is strong
8. higher unemployment rates
9. stand out in the labour market
exercise 5c Translate the following questions. Take turns in asking and answering them in pairs.
1. What helps graduates (to) stand out in the labour/job market?
2. Do you think it’s more important to acquire skills that can be applied to many jobs/professions than to focus on being excellent at one thing?
3. Which graduates have the highest unemployment rates and which are easily employable?
4. Which industries do you believe will have the largest increase in vacancies in the next 10 years and why?
5. What would you be willing to do to enhance your employability if your degree wasn’t enough/sufficient?
exercise 5d Fill in the missing words and prepositions.
1. Graduating from university doesn’t necessarily guarantee a graduate-level job.
2. According to experts, there are certain things that will make you more desirable
3. on/in the job/labour market. Graduates who have the abilities to
4. work in various fields are much more likely to find jobs
5. compared to/with graduates with a more limited
6. range of skills. Naturally, young people prefer to study things they are genuinely
7. interested in, but it would make sense to consider fields where there seems to be
8. an increase in / a growth in the number of vacancies. Of course, there are plenty of other factors that
9. contribute to a person becoming employed. Graduates
10. benefit greatly from work placements which
11. provides them with hands-on experience that they can later
12. build on. It might be
13. beneficial for you to consider studies that
14. report on graduate destinations, but to what degree would you be willing to
15. move into a career solely 16. based on its employment rates?
Teksti
exercise 5g Match the opposites.
1. g compulsory
2. b diverse
3. e
4. j
5. k
6. i enhance favour including increasing
7. h insufficiently
8. c progress
9. d recent
10. f relevant
11. a unemployed
12. l savviness
1. g compulsory
2. b diverse
3. e
4. j
5. k
6. i enhance favour including increasing
7. h insufficiently
8. c progress
9. d recent
10. f relevant
11. a unemployed
12. l savviness
Teksti
Glossary: Economy A Fill in the blanks.
The most basic principle in economics is that the price of something will rise if less of it is available or if more people want it. This is called the law of supply and demand. So if the government just decides to print more money, that money will be worth less, thus causing inflation. The best way to make a profit is to sell something people really want, but not make too much available for sale. Another basic observation is that people want things they cannot pay for. They might buy things on credit or take out a loan, usually from a bank. The interest rate charged by the lender is what makes banking so profitable. If someone spends more than they make, that is deficit spending. If they make more than they spend, they have a surplus.
exercise B Complete the puzzle to find an idiom for what an accountant tries to do. Across 1. Borrow 2. Tax 3. Loss 4. Embargo 5. Bankrupt 6. Currency 7. Deposit 8. Debt 9. Crash 10. Invest 11. Bond 12. Cost 13. Stock 14. Market 15. Cash Down
Ratkaisut exercise C Translate into English. (Suggested)
1. Do consumers now have more or less money to spend than last year?
2. We are trying to be more economical these days / nowadays.
3. Does the supply meet the demand?
4. Most firms / companies / enterprises struggle to make a profit.
5. We ordinary people pay a lot of tax on our income.
The most basic principle in economics is that the price of something will rise if less of it is available or if more people want it. This is called the law of supply and demand. So if the government just decides to print more money, that money will be worth less, thus causing inflation. The best way to make a profit is to sell something people really want, but not make too much available for sale. Another basic observation is that people want things they cannot pay for. They might buy things on credit or take out a loan, usually from a bank. The interest rate charged by the lender is what makes banking so profitable. If someone spends more than they make, that is deficit spending. If they make more than they spend, they have a surplus.
exercise B Complete the puzzle to find an idiom for what an accountant tries to do. Across 1. Borrow 2. Tax 3. Loss 4. Embargo 5. Bankrupt 6. Currency 7. Deposit 8. Debt 9. Crash 10. Invest 11. Bond 12. Cost 13. Stock 14. Market 15. Cash Down
Ratkaisut exercise C Translate into English. (Suggested)
1. Do consumers now have more or less money to spend than last year?
2. We are trying to be more economical these days / nowadays.
3. Does the supply meet the demand?
4. Most firms / companies / enterprises struggle to make a profit.
5. We ordinary people pay a lot of tax on our income.
May 21st, 2025
exercise 29 Fill in the missing prepositions.
Three men had been charged 1. with serious crimes. They didn't look forward 2. to time in prison, but it had at least occurred 3. to them to take items with them 4. to which they might devote their time and energy while incarcerated. They compared their items 5. to/with the ones the other convicts had brought. The first convict tried to convince all the others 6. of his artistic skills. He wanted to develop 7. into a great painter. He pulled out a box of paints and the others complimented him 8. on his choice. The second convict said that he didn't care 9. for/about arts. He pulled out a deck of cards and said he would benefit 10. from them more. He wouldn't waste time 11. on paints but instead play poker, solitaire or gin rummy. The third convict was smug. He couldn't wait 12. for his chance to show off. The guy pulled out a box of tampons and said they belonged 13. to him. The others couldn't understand why he had opted 14. for something like that. He replied that he had only relied 15. on the promise on the box. According to the box, he'd be able to go horseback riding, swimming, roller-skating… you name it!
exercise 30 Which verb is the odd one out? Pay attention to the prepositions used with the verbs. (Suggested)
1. All the other verbs take the preposition to; insist is used with the preposition on. 2. All the other verbs take the preposition at; stem is used with the preposition from. 3. All the other verbs take the preposition to; care is used with the preposition for/about. 4. All the other verbs take the preposition for; resort is used with the preposition to. 5. All the other verbs take the preposition in; refer is used with the preposition to. 6. All the other verbs take the preposition with; depend is used with the preposition on.
exercise 31 Write the missing verbs and prepositions in the correct form.
1. When Minnie applied for a job in Florida, she didn't know anybody there but was looking for a change of scene.
2. As soon as she arrived at the amusement park she would be working in, she felt right at home.
3. Unlike in her previous jobs, she didn't complain about / did not complain about anything.
4. She even agreed to do double shifts and felt that it didn't rob / did not rob / deprive her of her valuable time in the sun.
5. Her newly found job satisfaction convinced her of the fact that she had found her true calling in life.
6. There was only one thing that prevented her from being blissfully happy.
7. She still hadn't found that special somebody who she had been waiting for / 'd been waiting for / had waited for / 'd waited for.
8. She had met many eager men in the past who had insisted on taking / 'd insisted on taking her out on a date.
9. Most of her dates had proved to be utter bores who just loved listening / to listen to the sound of their own voice. 10. After her divorce from her ex-husband, Minnie had resorted to / 'd resorted to the services of a dating agency.
11. She had found it hard to trust anybody new, because her ex had blamed / 'd blamed Minnie for the divorce.
12. His filing for divorce from her had been based on / 'd been based on him catching her goofing around too much.
exercise 32 Work with a partner and say the following sentences in English. Use the verbs on the list.
1. Do you enjoy studying/examining statistics?
2. Haven't you always liked me?
3. Maybe I should marry myself?
4. You are not an easy person to consult. / It's not easy to ask you for advice.
5. Why haven't you answered any of my questions?
6. Your silence is starting to affect/influence me.
7. It hasn't really impressed my friends either.
8. Isn't there any way to discuss the situation? / Isn't there any way one could discuss the situation?
9. Do you enjoy giving me/people the silent treatment?
10. I really considered you a better friend.
11. Isn't there any way to reach a consensus?
12. Why do you always insist on joining me wherever/anywhere/everywhere I go?
13. I'd like to leave the house just once without you.
14. I can't even visit my friends alone.
15. Sometimes I feel like attacking you.
16. But if you can't trust your own shadow, who can you trust?
exercise 33 Fill in the missing verbs and prepositions in their right form. A preposition is not needed in every case. Check your answers by listening to the story.
Yesterday afternoon I had managed to 1. leave work early when something horrible happened
When I 2. reached the first traffic lights, a bird slammed into my windshield.
The bird 3. didn't die from / did not die from / didn't die of / did not die of the impact, but it got its wing stuck under the windshield wiper.
I think the whole thing 4. affected/influenced me in such a way that I now
5. suffer from ornithophobia, an irrational fear of birds. Not really knowing how
6. to deal with / to handle the situation, turning on the windshield wipers seemed like the only way to solve the problem. I
7. arrived at the next set of traffic lights and the bird ended up in the wrong place again: on the windshield of the police car behind me.
8. Talking about / Discussing the situation with the police didn’t help. The police officer simply
9. replied to / answered me: "Sir, I am going to have to
10. charge you with a crime: cruelty to animals."
Fill in the missing verbs and prepositions in the right form. A preposition is not needed in every case. 1. I'd like to apologize / apologise to all of you for taking up your time, but this might end up being a rather long speech. 2. Most people disapprove of long speeches, but I hope my audience will approve of / will accept / 'll approve of / 'll accept this one. 3. As we have reached / 've reached the end of our studies at this school, we are looking forward to celebrating / 're looking forward to celebrating our achievements together. 4. We have spent a lot of time on / 've spent a lot of time on homework and (have) devoted ourselves to / 've devoted ourselves to our studies. 5. Perhaps all of us haven't considered studying / have not considered studying / haven't regarded studying as / have not regarded studying as important but at least our friends have always been ready to talk about / discuss anything with us to kill time. 6. Together with online computer games and social media, this has made participating in / attending lessons more tolerable. 7. I'm also convinced that we have benefitted from / 've benefitted from / have benefited from / 've benefited from all the lessons, especially the ones where the students have commented on / 've commented on current affairs. 8. I'd like to thank our teachers for looking after / taking care of us so well. 9. I'm convinced that their constructive criticism has affected / has influenced / 's affected / 's influenced me positively. 10. We're sure to come back and visit the school in the future. 11. I'd like to congratulate everybody/everyone on their success and wish all of us a very bright future. 12. Next, I'd like all of you to listen to me read aloud the epic I've been writing during the past three years…
exercise 35 Match the nouns with the correct prepositions and near synonyms. You might have to use the same preposition more than once. Some words have multiple near synonyms. 1. affection for 2. faith in 3. influence on 4. admiration for 5. lack of 36 attachment to confidence in / trust in impact on / effect on respect for shortage of Fill in the missing nouns and prepositions. Being an effective emergency medical technician (an EMT) means making a 1. contribution to the team, staying calm and showing 2. respect for your co-workers. You may not personally like everyone and may even feel a strong 3. dislike of some people, but you can always be polite and respectful and not let your real 4. attitude to/towards them shine through. During times when you don't have patients, try to connect with co-workers and make 5. comments on topics that aren't always related to EMS. This may help you to notice 6. a change in your co-workers and be 7. the/a solution to preventing problems with your colleagues. 8. The trouble with / The difficulty in today's working life is that we don't seem to have the time to stop and listen. There has been a huge 9. decrease in / reduction in the number of minutes we have for short breaks in order to unwind in the middle of a shift. It's really 10. an exception to the rule if a working day doesn't feel hectic. However, everybody wants to be listened to and feel that there is a genuine 11. interest in what they think and say. 12. Thanks to making some time for others, you might have a much better time at work yourself, too.
exercise 37 Work with a partner and translate the sentences. Before you begin, revise both the verb and noun lists. 1. Could you answer my question? 2. I'm afraid / Unfortunately I don't know the answer to your question. 3. We arrived in New Delhi late in the evening. 4. Our arrival at the airport was delayed. 5. The army attacked the enemy at dawn. 6. The attack on the enemy was / had been unsuccessful / had failed. 7. My brother has always had a positive influence/effect on me. 8. He affects/influences me positively. 9. The applicant impressed / made an impression on the prospective employer. 10. The employer didn't make an impression on / didn't impress the applicant. *** 11. Will you marry me? 12. Sorry, I'm already married to the love of my life. 13. Trust me, I know what to do. 14. I have no trust in your skills. 15. Can you (come and) stay at / visit our summer cottage next summer? 16. Our stay at / visit to the neighbours' cottage was quite enough. 17. Why don't you respect/honour my point of view / opinion? 18. Show respect for my insights. 19. This soup lacks salt and thyme. 20. A/The lack of seasoning/spices leaves food bland/tasteless.
exercise 38 Translate into English. 1. Congratulations on finding a new job! 2. There's no more effective cure for boredom than a new job.
3. My dependence on / addiction to excitement made me look/apply for a new job. 4. Career prospects also affected / influenced / had an effect/impact/influence on my decision. 5. Or maybe they were just an excuse for changing jobs. 6. My boss's ignorance of my situation was also an important reason. 7. Now I can take responsibility for several assignments/tasks. 8. A bigger salary also means that I'll be paying / will be paying more tax(es) on my income. 9. Boredom is a threat to job satisfaction. 10. An employee has to have / must have a lot of trust/faith/belief in themselves nowadays / these days.
exercise 39 Match the adjectives with the correct prepositions and near synonyms. You will have to use the same preposition more than once. 1. dedicated to 2. enthusiastic about 3. afraid of 4. bored of/with 5. typical of 6. used to 7. familiar with 8. worried about 9. pleased with 10. well known for 11. good at 12. angry at/with 13. ready for 14. sick of 40 devoted to excited about frightened of fed up with characteristic of accustomed to acquainted with concerned about content with famous for skilful at annoyed at/about/with prepared for tired of Add the missing prepositions. 1. There's nothing to be ashamed of if you can't find a summer job. 2. Volunteering might be as beneficial to/for you in the long run. 3. The most important factor is that you feel motivated and committed to what you're doing. 4. Is this advice consistent with what you've been given in the past? 5. Contrary to what most students believe, any kind of work experience is beneficial. 6. It's not fair to be discriminated against in the job market only because of your age. 7. Are you envious of your friends who have already landed themselves a summer job? 8. How about walking the neighbourhood dogs? You don't have to be fond of animals to do it, just open to new experiences. 9. I'm really hopeless at promoting myself and my skills, however. 10. Most Finns are prone to underestimating themselves. 11. Are we short of self-esteem in some matters? 12. Maybe I was wrong about there not being any summer jobs out there. 13. But surely there can't be anything wrong with me and my job-seeking skills!
exercise 41 Add the missing adjectives and prepositions. 1. My friend Luke was angry with/at me for not telling him about the opening in our company. 2. I had simply been too busy with my own projects. 3. Not looking out for my friends isn't really characteristic/typical of me at all. 4. Actually, I wasn't even aware of the fact that he was curious about the vacancy and looking to change companies. 5. Luke is excellent/skilful at overcoming difficulties and being courageous in a tight spot. 6. He is even experienced in working with droids. 7. Luke is quite fond of / attached to his twin sister Leia. 8. He was anything but hopeless at Jedi training. 9. I really thought that he would find selling real estate inferior to being a Jedi knight. 10. He isn't even qualified for selling houses as he hasn't passed the final test yet. 11. Hopefully he won't be too sensitive to this kind of feedback. 12. I believe he's used/accustomed to winning most battles, so maybe he will triumph in the end now, too.
exercise 42 Translate into English. 1. Are you committed to working hard? 2. Not all computer programs are compatible with each other. 3. Our findings weren't / were not consistent with the general opinion. 4. We are / 're crazy about/for chocolate. 5. I'm / am committed/dedicated/devoted to my career. 6. Our boss is dependent on my advice. 7. Last year he/she was disappointed in/with me and my performance. 8. We have been exposed to construction dust because of / due to the renovation. 9. I'm / am familiar with the trends in the economy. 10. We shouldn't / should not be incapable of making quick decisions.
exercise 43 All the prepositions. Choose the best alternative. It might be easy to call your boss or neighbour a psychopath if you don't always see eye to eye. However, there are real signs you can spot that might indicate that some people are clinical, legitimate psychopaths. Check this list to see if your frenemies have at least some of the character traits typical 1. of a psychopath. - Do they tend to be smooth and engaging? Psychopathic charmers are not afraid 2. of saying anything to anybody.- Psychopaths are arrogant people who believe they are superior 3. to other human beings.- Do they get easily bored 4. with people and things? Psychopaths fail to work at the same job for long and fail to finish tasks that they consider 5. — dull or routine.- Being a psychopath is reflected in a lack 6. of concern for the feelings and suffering of one’s victims.- Psychopaths tend to go in for an exploitative financial dependence 7. on others.- Psychopaths take great pride in discussing 8. — their sexual exploits or conquests.- Psychopaths suffer 9. from a failure to accept responsibility 10. for their actions.
Three men had been charged 1. with serious crimes. They didn't look forward 2. to time in prison, but it had at least occurred 3. to them to take items with them 4. to which they might devote their time and energy while incarcerated. They compared their items 5. to/with the ones the other convicts had brought. The first convict tried to convince all the others 6. of his artistic skills. He wanted to develop 7. into a great painter. He pulled out a box of paints and the others complimented him 8. on his choice. The second convict said that he didn't care 9. for/about arts. He pulled out a deck of cards and said he would benefit 10. from them more. He wouldn't waste time 11. on paints but instead play poker, solitaire or gin rummy. The third convict was smug. He couldn't wait 12. for his chance to show off. The guy pulled out a box of tampons and said they belonged 13. to him. The others couldn't understand why he had opted 14. for something like that. He replied that he had only relied 15. on the promise on the box. According to the box, he'd be able to go horseback riding, swimming, roller-skating… you name it!
exercise 30 Which verb is the odd one out? Pay attention to the prepositions used with the verbs. (Suggested)
1. All the other verbs take the preposition to; insist is used with the preposition on. 2. All the other verbs take the preposition at; stem is used with the preposition from. 3. All the other verbs take the preposition to; care is used with the preposition for/about. 4. All the other verbs take the preposition for; resort is used with the preposition to. 5. All the other verbs take the preposition in; refer is used with the preposition to. 6. All the other verbs take the preposition with; depend is used with the preposition on.
exercise 31 Write the missing verbs and prepositions in the correct form.
1. When Minnie applied for a job in Florida, she didn't know anybody there but was looking for a change of scene.
2. As soon as she arrived at the amusement park she would be working in, she felt right at home.
3. Unlike in her previous jobs, she didn't complain about / did not complain about anything.
4. She even agreed to do double shifts and felt that it didn't rob / did not rob / deprive her of her valuable time in the sun.
5. Her newly found job satisfaction convinced her of the fact that she had found her true calling in life.
6. There was only one thing that prevented her from being blissfully happy.
7. She still hadn't found that special somebody who she had been waiting for / 'd been waiting for / had waited for / 'd waited for.
8. She had met many eager men in the past who had insisted on taking / 'd insisted on taking her out on a date.
9. Most of her dates had proved to be utter bores who just loved listening / to listen to the sound of their own voice. 10. After her divorce from her ex-husband, Minnie had resorted to / 'd resorted to the services of a dating agency.
11. She had found it hard to trust anybody new, because her ex had blamed / 'd blamed Minnie for the divorce.
12. His filing for divorce from her had been based on / 'd been based on him catching her goofing around too much.
exercise 32 Work with a partner and say the following sentences in English. Use the verbs on the list.
1. Do you enjoy studying/examining statistics?
2. Haven't you always liked me?
3. Maybe I should marry myself?
4. You are not an easy person to consult. / It's not easy to ask you for advice.
5. Why haven't you answered any of my questions?
6. Your silence is starting to affect/influence me.
7. It hasn't really impressed my friends either.
8. Isn't there any way to discuss the situation? / Isn't there any way one could discuss the situation?
9. Do you enjoy giving me/people the silent treatment?
10. I really considered you a better friend.
11. Isn't there any way to reach a consensus?
12. Why do you always insist on joining me wherever/anywhere/everywhere I go?
13. I'd like to leave the house just once without you.
14. I can't even visit my friends alone.
15. Sometimes I feel like attacking you.
16. But if you can't trust your own shadow, who can you trust?
exercise 33 Fill in the missing verbs and prepositions in their right form. A preposition is not needed in every case. Check your answers by listening to the story.
Yesterday afternoon I had managed to 1. leave work early when something horrible happened
When I 2. reached the first traffic lights, a bird slammed into my windshield.
The bird 3. didn't die from / did not die from / didn't die of / did not die of the impact, but it got its wing stuck under the windshield wiper.
I think the whole thing 4. affected/influenced me in such a way that I now
5. suffer from ornithophobia, an irrational fear of birds. Not really knowing how
6. to deal with / to handle the situation, turning on the windshield wipers seemed like the only way to solve the problem. I
7. arrived at the next set of traffic lights and the bird ended up in the wrong place again: on the windshield of the police car behind me.
8. Talking about / Discussing the situation with the police didn’t help. The police officer simply
9. replied to / answered me: "Sir, I am going to have to
10. charge you with a crime: cruelty to animals."
Fill in the missing verbs and prepositions in the right form. A preposition is not needed in every case. 1. I'd like to apologize / apologise to all of you for taking up your time, but this might end up being a rather long speech. 2. Most people disapprove of long speeches, but I hope my audience will approve of / will accept / 'll approve of / 'll accept this one. 3. As we have reached / 've reached the end of our studies at this school, we are looking forward to celebrating / 're looking forward to celebrating our achievements together. 4. We have spent a lot of time on / 've spent a lot of time on homework and (have) devoted ourselves to / 've devoted ourselves to our studies. 5. Perhaps all of us haven't considered studying / have not considered studying / haven't regarded studying as / have not regarded studying as important but at least our friends have always been ready to talk about / discuss anything with us to kill time. 6. Together with online computer games and social media, this has made participating in / attending lessons more tolerable. 7. I'm also convinced that we have benefitted from / 've benefitted from / have benefited from / 've benefited from all the lessons, especially the ones where the students have commented on / 've commented on current affairs. 8. I'd like to thank our teachers for looking after / taking care of us so well. 9. I'm convinced that their constructive criticism has affected / has influenced / 's affected / 's influenced me positively. 10. We're sure to come back and visit the school in the future. 11. I'd like to congratulate everybody/everyone on their success and wish all of us a very bright future. 12. Next, I'd like all of you to listen to me read aloud the epic I've been writing during the past three years…
exercise 35 Match the nouns with the correct prepositions and near synonyms. You might have to use the same preposition more than once. Some words have multiple near synonyms. 1. affection for 2. faith in 3. influence on 4. admiration for 5. lack of 36 attachment to confidence in / trust in impact on / effect on respect for shortage of Fill in the missing nouns and prepositions. Being an effective emergency medical technician (an EMT) means making a 1. contribution to the team, staying calm and showing 2. respect for your co-workers. You may not personally like everyone and may even feel a strong 3. dislike of some people, but you can always be polite and respectful and not let your real 4. attitude to/towards them shine through. During times when you don't have patients, try to connect with co-workers and make 5. comments on topics that aren't always related to EMS. This may help you to notice 6. a change in your co-workers and be 7. the/a solution to preventing problems with your colleagues. 8. The trouble with / The difficulty in today's working life is that we don't seem to have the time to stop and listen. There has been a huge 9. decrease in / reduction in the number of minutes we have for short breaks in order to unwind in the middle of a shift. It's really 10. an exception to the rule if a working day doesn't feel hectic. However, everybody wants to be listened to and feel that there is a genuine 11. interest in what they think and say. 12. Thanks to making some time for others, you might have a much better time at work yourself, too.
exercise 37 Work with a partner and translate the sentences. Before you begin, revise both the verb and noun lists. 1. Could you answer my question? 2. I'm afraid / Unfortunately I don't know the answer to your question. 3. We arrived in New Delhi late in the evening. 4. Our arrival at the airport was delayed. 5. The army attacked the enemy at dawn. 6. The attack on the enemy was / had been unsuccessful / had failed. 7. My brother has always had a positive influence/effect on me. 8. He affects/influences me positively. 9. The applicant impressed / made an impression on the prospective employer. 10. The employer didn't make an impression on / didn't impress the applicant. *** 11. Will you marry me? 12. Sorry, I'm already married to the love of my life. 13. Trust me, I know what to do. 14. I have no trust in your skills. 15. Can you (come and) stay at / visit our summer cottage next summer? 16. Our stay at / visit to the neighbours' cottage was quite enough. 17. Why don't you respect/honour my point of view / opinion? 18. Show respect for my insights. 19. This soup lacks salt and thyme. 20. A/The lack of seasoning/spices leaves food bland/tasteless.
exercise 38 Translate into English. 1. Congratulations on finding a new job! 2. There's no more effective cure for boredom than a new job.
3. My dependence on / addiction to excitement made me look/apply for a new job. 4. Career prospects also affected / influenced / had an effect/impact/influence on my decision. 5. Or maybe they were just an excuse for changing jobs. 6. My boss's ignorance of my situation was also an important reason. 7. Now I can take responsibility for several assignments/tasks. 8. A bigger salary also means that I'll be paying / will be paying more tax(es) on my income. 9. Boredom is a threat to job satisfaction. 10. An employee has to have / must have a lot of trust/faith/belief in themselves nowadays / these days.
exercise 39 Match the adjectives with the correct prepositions and near synonyms. You will have to use the same preposition more than once. 1. dedicated to 2. enthusiastic about 3. afraid of 4. bored of/with 5. typical of 6. used to 7. familiar with 8. worried about 9. pleased with 10. well known for 11. good at 12. angry at/with 13. ready for 14. sick of 40 devoted to excited about frightened of fed up with characteristic of accustomed to acquainted with concerned about content with famous for skilful at annoyed at/about/with prepared for tired of Add the missing prepositions. 1. There's nothing to be ashamed of if you can't find a summer job. 2. Volunteering might be as beneficial to/for you in the long run. 3. The most important factor is that you feel motivated and committed to what you're doing. 4. Is this advice consistent with what you've been given in the past? 5. Contrary to what most students believe, any kind of work experience is beneficial. 6. It's not fair to be discriminated against in the job market only because of your age. 7. Are you envious of your friends who have already landed themselves a summer job? 8. How about walking the neighbourhood dogs? You don't have to be fond of animals to do it, just open to new experiences. 9. I'm really hopeless at promoting myself and my skills, however. 10. Most Finns are prone to underestimating themselves. 11. Are we short of self-esteem in some matters? 12. Maybe I was wrong about there not being any summer jobs out there. 13. But surely there can't be anything wrong with me and my job-seeking skills!
exercise 41 Add the missing adjectives and prepositions. 1. My friend Luke was angry with/at me for not telling him about the opening in our company. 2. I had simply been too busy with my own projects. 3. Not looking out for my friends isn't really characteristic/typical of me at all. 4. Actually, I wasn't even aware of the fact that he was curious about the vacancy and looking to change companies. 5. Luke is excellent/skilful at overcoming difficulties and being courageous in a tight spot. 6. He is even experienced in working with droids. 7. Luke is quite fond of / attached to his twin sister Leia. 8. He was anything but hopeless at Jedi training. 9. I really thought that he would find selling real estate inferior to being a Jedi knight. 10. He isn't even qualified for selling houses as he hasn't passed the final test yet. 11. Hopefully he won't be too sensitive to this kind of feedback. 12. I believe he's used/accustomed to winning most battles, so maybe he will triumph in the end now, too.
exercise 42 Translate into English. 1. Are you committed to working hard? 2. Not all computer programs are compatible with each other. 3. Our findings weren't / were not consistent with the general opinion. 4. We are / 're crazy about/for chocolate. 5. I'm / am committed/dedicated/devoted to my career. 6. Our boss is dependent on my advice. 7. Last year he/she was disappointed in/with me and my performance. 8. We have been exposed to construction dust because of / due to the renovation. 9. I'm / am familiar with the trends in the economy. 10. We shouldn't / should not be incapable of making quick decisions.
exercise 43 All the prepositions. Choose the best alternative. It might be easy to call your boss or neighbour a psychopath if you don't always see eye to eye. However, there are real signs you can spot that might indicate that some people are clinical, legitimate psychopaths. Check this list to see if your frenemies have at least some of the character traits typical 1. of a psychopath. - Do they tend to be smooth and engaging? Psychopathic charmers are not afraid 2. of saying anything to anybody.- Psychopaths are arrogant people who believe they are superior 3. to other human beings.- Do they get easily bored 4. with people and things? Psychopaths fail to work at the same job for long and fail to finish tasks that they consider 5. — dull or routine.- Being a psychopath is reflected in a lack 6. of concern for the feelings and suffering of one’s victims.- Psychopaths tend to go in for an exploitative financial dependence 7. on others.- Psychopaths take great pride in discussing 8. — their sexual exploits or conquests.- Psychopaths suffer 9. from a failure to accept responsibility 10. for their actions.