ENA 1+2 / Haaksluoto / 2025 - 2026 / 1. periodi

September 29th, 2025

EXAM on Wednesday, October 1st, at 17.00 - 20.20 hours, classroom 31

I purchased a parakeet. = I bought a parakeet.

a cupboard (= kaappi, jossa pidetään esim. astioita)
a closet (= kaappi, jossa pidetään esim. vaatteita)

a loo = a bathroom = a restroom = a water closet =  a WC = a lavatory = gents / ladies' room

revel in s-g = enjoy s-g = nauttia jskn

a pillow (= tyyny, jonka päälle pää laitetaan illalla)

Put the kettle on! = Laita teepannu tulelle!

a carpet = (koko)lattimatto
a rug = pienempi, irrallinen matto

a landlord = vuokraisäntä / a landlady = vuokraemäntä

I'd better stay at home. = I had better stay at home. = Minun olisi parasta jäädä kotiin.

make an effort = try
will not = won't
let's = let us
Let's go home.
keep s-g at bay = pitää loitolla

Keep nasty people at bay!

Eat green vegetables, will you?

vastaukset ENA1-leikkikokeeseen

Preesens

Täydennä puuttuvat kohdat vihjeiden avulla joko yleis- tai kestopreesensissä. (10 p.)

 
  1. John often takes  a nap after he gets home from work. ottaa
  2. Even now he is sleeping  on the couch. Can you hear him snoring? nukkuu
  3. Do you know where the nearest bus stop is? Tiedätkö
  4. No, sorry, I don't (know). En tiedä
  5. Kate is seeing the dentist this afternoon -- she’s already nervous! tapaa (see)
  6. We always tell / are always telling her to stop worrying about such things -- it’s just a dentist’s appointment. sanomme aina (tell)
  7. At Christmas, Santa visits about 1000 homes per second. vierailee
  8. How does he do it? hän tekee
  9. Jake, what on earth are you doing? Something smells burnt in here. sinä teet
  10. I am making pizza, but apparently I’m not very good. teen
 
 
 

Teksti

Imperfekti

Täydennä puuttuvat kohdat vihjeen avulla joko yleis- tai kestoimperfektissä. (10 p.)

 
  1. My cat scratched me yesterday. raapaisi (scratch)
  2. Maybe she thought she was not getting enough attention right there and then. ajatteli, ei saanut
  3. Cats can be like that. Once, I had a cat that was a total tyrant. oli, oli
  4. She used to follow me everywhere and sit on my lap. oli tapana seurata
  5. She didn't let me get up if she was cleaning / was washing herself. ei antanut (let), pesi
  6. I felt like a human pillow, but I loved her all the same. tunsin, rakastin

Teksti

Christmas

Fill in the gaps based on the prompts given in Finnish. (10 p.)

 
  1. Why haven't you made the beds? ette ole pedanneet
  2. The elves are watching us through the window right now. Be nice! katselevat
  3. I didn't write to Santa last year. en kirjoittanut
  4. But I have been writing / I have written him long letters ever since I found his address. olen kirjoittanut
  5. Has Rudolph flown over our roof three times now? Onko Rudolph lentänyt
  6. We  always open the presents on Christmas Day. aina avaamme
  7. Doesn't snow bring more light in the middle of all this darkness? Eikö lumi tuo
  8. We have brought in the Christmas tree and will start to decorate it soon. olemme tuoneet
  9. It’s October, but who cares? välittää
  10. However, the tree is dropping all its needles already. pudottelee
 
 
 

Teksti

A game of fruit

Fill in the gaps based on the prompts given in Finnish. (15 p.)

 
Have you played a game called ten pieces of the same kind of fruit? oletko pelannut
Four men are playing it on a desert island right now. pelaavat
Only one of the men knows all the rules. tietää
The others don't believe that there could be anything wrong. eivät usko
The first man runs into the forest to find ten pieces of the same kind of fruit and comes back with pineapples. juoksee
The second man finds berries. löytää
The third man doesn't find anything and nothing seems to go right for him. ei löydä, vaikuttaa

While the others were picking the fruit in the forest, the game master was lying on the beach. keräilivät, makoili
Now they have come back / have returned with the fruit they had found in the forest. ovat palanneet, olivat löytäneet
One man didn't find anything, one man has pineapples and one berries.ei löytänyt, on
Who do you think should win? sinä ajattelet
 
 
 

Teksti

Nykyisyyden vai menneisyyden muoto

Fill in the words in the right form. Be careful as the Finnish and English language usages differ. (10 p.)

 
  1. There’s mud all over your face. Have you been running in the woods? Oletko ollut juoksemassa
  2. Where were you born? olet syntynyt
  3. I really love your new sunglasses. Who gave them to you? antoi
  4. When I was younger, I used to make my brother and me hot chocolate every evening. oli tapana tehdä
  5. Who painted the Mona Lisa? on maalannut
  6. What a cool T-shirt! Didn't your brother buy it for you? Eikö veljesi ostanutkin
  7. Would you believe me if I told you that I have been listening / I have listened to Elvis’ songs ever since I was seven years old? olen kuunnellut
  8. Last Christmas break we stayed at the London Hilton for two nights. asuimme
  9. When did Aleksis Kivi write The Seven Brothers? Aleksis Kivi kirjoitti
  10. My cousin Mary hasn't seen the Queen musical in London yet. ei ole nähnyt

Teksti

Laurie Escobar

Choose the best alternative. (20 p.)

1. Why did Laurie drop out?
 
 
She was offered a job.
 
She fell in love.
 
School made her frustrated.
 
 
2. When did she start studying again?
 
 
After having her second child
 
Roughly at the age of 30
 
When she turned 20.
 
 
3. How was Laurie’s family?
 
 
It was too big to cope.
 
They supported each other.
 
The family was dysfunctional.
 
 
4. What did her parents think about her dating?
 
 
They didn’t mind.
 
They encouraged her.
 
They disliked it.
 
 
5. What motivated Laurie to start studying?
 
 
Her son’s illness.
 
Her linguistic background.
 
Her drive to know more.
 
 
6. How much time did it take her to get into university?
 
 
Approximately 10 years
 
More than 12 years
 
Less than 5 years.
 
 
7. Why didn’t some kids come to school?
 
 
They weren’t allowed to go to school.
 
They didn’t see any point in going to school.
 
They had major problems at home.
 
 
8. What does Laurie consider important?
 
 
Feeling pity for the kids
 
Motivating the kids
 
Sharing failures with kids.
 
 
9. What kind of education is best?
 
 
Education that gives you a profession.
 
Education that opens many doors.
 
It depends on the individual.
 
 
10. What is important to know about kids?
 
 
They are likely to disappoint you.
 
They are sensitive and fragile.
 
They can bounce back.

Teksti

Liitekysymykset

Täydennä lauseet sopivalla liitekysymyksellä. (10 p.)

 
  1. You could do that, couldn't you?
  2. She doesn’t know him, does she?
  3. He looked happy, didn't he?
  4. They want your help, don't they?
  5. You can’t see what the problem is, can you?
  6. The Thompsons will be there, won't they?
  7. We never do anything nice, do we?
  8. I am the last one, aren't I?
  9. Everybody needs a friend, don't they?
  10. There is always hope, isn't there?
 
 
 

Teksti

Can you lose a language you never knew?

Drag and drop the words in their correct places in the story. (10 p.)

 
 
I grew up in a monolingual family. My parents speak only Finnish, and in my childhood
 I had very few real-life experiences with any other language.
However, I spent countless hours online from early on, and the online community
 I was part of used English. In order to interact with strangers, I had to start using English as well.
I was uncomfortable at first about how it would play out or if I would fail because I wasn’t a native
speaker. But despite my fears, everything went smoothly.
Over the years, I’ve become friends with a lot of people from all around the world. Finnish may be my first language, but a percentage of my identity is definitely English-speaking.
 
 
 

Teksti

Nobody should have to sit alone

Choose the best alternative. (10 p.)

 
Ubuntu is an inclusive term roughly translated as "human kindness." It is an idea from Africa which literally means engaging in "human-ness" or kind behaviour and is often translated as "humanity toward others". It is often used in a more philosophical sense to mean "the belief in a universal bond of sharing considered to connect all humanity". Since the transition to democracy in South Africa with the Nelson Mandela presidency in 1994, the term has increased its popularity and has become more widely known outside Southern Africa. While marginalization and harassment tend to be unfortunately popular in today's society, Ubuntu raises spirits and increases matters our overall wellbeing.

Teksti

My first apartment

Fill in the sentences according to the Finnish clues. (14 p.)

 
I like to live on my own / living on my own, so I could not imagine sleeping in a shared bedroom . asumisesta itsekseni, jaettu makuuhuone
It is important for me to make my individual decisions and be able let my own style show in the interior. yksittäiset päätökset
It was difficult at first, but now I am happy that I moved out of my parents’ house. muuttaa pois
Another positive aspect of my apartment is my protective landlord who sometimes comes over / pays me a visit / visits (with) me to bring something freshly baked and to see how I’m doing. It feels wonderful to receive attention like this since my parents live quite far away. suojelunhaluinen vuokraisäntäni, tulee käymään, saada huomiota
 
 
 

Teksti

Teksti

KOE on keskiviikkona 1.10.2025 klo 17.00 - 20.20 luokassa 31. Koe on sähköinen koe. Ota oma kannettava mukaasi täyteenladattuna sekä tarvittavat virtajohdot että LANGALLISET kuulokkeet.

Teksti

Koealue ENA1:

  1. Text 2: Can you lose a language you never knew? p. 10 – 19
  2. Text 4: Nobody should have to sit alone p. 28 – 37
  3. Text 5: My first apartment p. 38 – 49

Grammar:
1. yleis- ja kestopreesens p. 209 – 220
2. yleis- ja kestoimperfekti p. 221 – 231
3. yleis- ja kestoperfekti p. 232 – 240
4. yleis- ja kestopluskvamperfekti p. 241 – 247
5. liitekysymykset p. 248 – 251

Lisäksi kokeessa on kuullunymmärtäminen ja luetunymmärtäminen.

ENA1+2 course outline / kurssiohjelma

Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukio 2025 – 2026 / Period I

ENGLISH / ADVANCED / MODULE 1 / ENA1 (+ 2)

Book: Elina Karapalo – Paula Keltto – Mark Kilmer – Päivi Kuusivaara – Teijo Päkkilä – Annukka Suonio: New Insights Modules 1 – 2 (Otava)

Room and Time: on Mondays and Wednesdays at 17.00 – 18.20 hours in Room 31 (3rd floor) or online on Google Meet at the following link: meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj

Teacher: Erja H. Haaksluoto, erja.haaksluoto@tyk.fi

Available for consultation: 1) before, during and after the lessons, and 2) on Mondays at 20.05 – 20.45 hours in Room 31, 3rd floor = so-called KIELIKLINIKKA (except NOT during the exam weeks) or online on Google Meet at the following link: meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj

 

OTE OPINTO-OPPAASTA:

ENA1+2 Opiskelutaidot, kieli-identiteetin rakentaminen ja englanti globaalina kielenä (4 op)

Tämä opintojakso koostuu moduuleista

ENA1 Opiskelutaidot ja kieli-identiteetin rakentaminen ja ENA2 Englanti globaalina kielenä.

ENA1: Opiskelutaidot ja kieli-identiteetin rakentaminen (1 op)

Keskeiset sisällöt: henkilökohtaisen kieliprofiilin laatiminen, tavoitteiden asettelu kielten opiskelulle, monikielisyys voimavarana, erilaisiin teksti- ja tyylilajeihin tutustuminen, toisiin tutustuminen, arkitiedon vaihtaminen ja vuorovaikutusosaamisen vahvistaminen keskustellen.

ENA2: Englanti globaalina kielenä (3 op)

Keskeiset sisällöt: englanti äidinkielenä, toisena kielenä, virallisena kielenä, globaalina kielenä; kansainvälisyys arjessa ja lähiympäristöissä, liikkuvuus; kansain-väliset suhteet; rakentava vuorovaikutus, merkitysneuvottelut ja kielentäminen hyvinvoinnin ja itsetunnon rakentajana; puhujien eri taustat ja statusvaikutukset; äänteiden muodostuminen ja puheen tuottaminen; englannin variantteja ja vertailua muihin kieliin; viestintätyyli erilaisissa medioissa.

Materiaali: Otava: New Insights (modules 1-2), valikoiden kirjan kappaleita. Oppikirja voi olla paperi- tai digikirja.

Arviointi: Opintojakson arvosana muodostuu loppukokeen ja mahdollisten muiden näyttöjen perusteella. Opintojakson arvosanan saa suoritettuaan MOLEMMAT moduulit ENA1 ja ENA2 hyväksytysti.

 

The written digital test with a listening part on Wednesday, October 1st, 2025, Room31, consists of the following parts:

  1. GRAMMAR: A) TENSES = (aktiivin) aikamuodot: 1) yleispreesens 2) kestopreesens 3) yleisimperfekti 4) kestoimperfekti 5) yleisperfekti 6) kestoperfekti 7) yleispluskvamperfekti 8) kestopluskvamperfekti B) QUESTION TAGS (= liitekysymykset)
  2. WORDS & VOCABULARY (sanastoa tunneilla käsitellyistä kappaleista)
  3. RC (= Reading Comprehension = luetun ymmärtäminen)
  4. Possibly YOUR OWN WRITING (= oma tuotos)
  5. LC (= Listening Comprehension = kuullun ymmärtäminen)

YOU WILL GET YOUR EXAMS BACK on your e-mail, but if you have any questions concerning your exam, I shall be available for them in Room 31 (3rd floor) at 16.00 – 18.00 hours on Friday, October 10th , 2025 (= KOKEIDEN PALAUTUS- & PALAUTEPÄIVÄ).

RETAKE EXAM: on Friday, October 31st, 2025, at 17.00 – 20.05 = UUSINTAKOE, johon on ehdottomasti ilmoittauduttava etukäteen täyttämällä vaaleansininen lomake, jonka saa kansliasta, 2. krs. Lomake palautetaan postilaatikkoon, joka on 2. kerroksen ilmoitustaulun luona VIIMEISTÄÄN VIIKKOA ENNEN UUSINTAKOETTA eli viimeistään 24.10.2025.

Uusintakoelomakkeesta on myös olemassa sähköinen lomake. Nettisivuilla on pdf, jonka voi suoraan täyttää ja lähettää liitetiedostona kansliaan. Lomake löytyy täältä: https://www.tyk.fi/aikuislukio/tietoa/lomakkeet/

 

STUDY PLAN:

  1. August 25, 2025: Getting to know one another; Introduction to the course //

Kieliprofiilin teosta p. 174 – 183 // p. 209 - 212 YLEISPREESENS / ex. 5 p. 213

  1. August 27, 2025: Kieliprofiilin teosta p. 174 – 183 // ex. 8 & 9 p. 214 - 215 // p. 216 - 218 KESTOPREESENS / ex. 11 p. 218
  2. September 1, 2025: ex. 13 & 14 p. 219 – 220 // p. 221 - 224 YLEISIMPERFEKTI / ex. 16 & 17 p. 225 // p. 10 -13 2 Can you lose a language you never knew? / ex. 2a & 2b & 2c p. 14 - 15
  3. September 3, 2025: p. 10 -13 2 Can you lose a language you never knew? // ex. 2d & 2e p. 16 - 17 // ex. 20 & 21 p. 226 – 227 // p. 228 -229 KESTOIMPERFEKTI / ex. 23 & 24 p. 229
  4. September 8, 2025: ex. 25 & 26 p. 230 - 231 // p. 232 - 234 YLEISPERFEKTI / ex. 28 p. 234 // ex. 2f p. 17 - 18
  5. September 10, 2025: ex. 2g p. 19 // ex. 31 p. 235 // p. 236 – 237 KESTOPERFEKTI / ex. 33 p. 238 // p. 28 - 30 4 Nobody should have to sit alone
  6. September 15, 2025: ex. 34 & 35 p. 239 - 240 // p. 241 – 242 YLEISPLUSKVAMPERFEKTI / ex. 37 p. 243 // ex. 4c & 4e & 4g p. 33 - 36
  7. September 17, 2025: p. 244 KESTOPLUSKVAMPERFEKTI / ex. 40 p. 245
  8. September 22, 2025: ex. 41 p. 246 // p. 248 - 250 LIITEKYSYMYKSET // p. 38 – 40 5 My first apartment
  9. September 24, 2025: ex. 43 p. 250 – 251 // ex. 5b & 5c & 5d p. 43 - 44
  10. September 29, 2025: ex. 5e & 5g p. 44 – 46 // REPETITIA (kertausta)


WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT:

Choose one of the following topics on page 198. Follow the instructions and write a compositon of about 700 – 1,300 characters. Hand in your written assignment (e.g. as an email attachment) not later than September 24th, 2025.

 

The grade on module ENA1 will be part of the grade on modules ENA1 & 2 and it consists of:

1) the exam on October 1st, 2025,

2) the written assignment (handed in not later than September 24th, 2025)

and 3) activity during the lessons (+++).

Teksti

Topics for written assignments ● Kirjoitustehtävien aiheita

Choose one of the following topics. Follow the instructions and write a composition of about 700–1300 characters.


Module 1

1. I love that language
Which language plays a big role in your life? Why is it important to you and other people? Why should other people learn it?
 
2. A sightseeing tour in my room
An exchange student has come to stay with your family. You've been showing the guest around your home. Next you arrive in your room. What is there? Act as a tourist guide giving a tour in your room making it seem like the most interesting place to visit.
 
3. If I could change one thing about me
You are perfect. You know that. But there might still be room for minor improvement. If you could, what is the thing you would like to change? Why?
 
4. My secret talent
Different kinds of talent shows are very popular nowadays. There are many talented people who want to impress us with their skills. Then there are people who wouldn't be caught dead performing publicly. Which one are you? What is your secret talent? Will it remain a secret?
 
5. Five things I couldn't live without
Yes, all right, we all need food and drink and shelter. But if your basic needs were satisfied which five things would be next on your list of essential items?
 
6. If I could go back in time
Time travel is not yet possible but let's imagine it was. How far back in time would you like to go and why?
 
7. My parents were right – once again
You've read net postings on one of the forums from distressed teens who have had tiffs with their parents. You empathise but would also like to point out that parents sometimes get it right. You post your reply with a story from your life.

8. Making money online
The internet provides an endless source to earn money. Write about the ways you can earn a living online and what good and bad sides it might have.

9. A letter to a school bully
You've had enough! It's time someone did something to stop this! You decide to take action and write a letter to that wicked person.
 
10. I can't believe it!

Opettajan tervehdys


Olen Erja Haaksluoto ja opetan englantia Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukiossa. Olen valmistunut Helsingin yliopistosta ja ollut Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukiossa syyskuusta 1989 lähtien. Rakastan oopperaa, balettia, klassista musiikkia, konsertteja, kirjallisuutta, runoutta, teatteria, museoita, taidenäyttelyjä - siis kulttuuria - ja kieliä. Rakastan myös opettamista. Olet lämpimästi ja sydämellisesti tervetullut tälle englannin kurssille.

Teksti

 
1. YLEISPREESENS
(to) love = rakastaa
a) MYÖNTEINEN (to) love = rakastaa
Singular = Sg = Yksikkö
1. I love you.
2. You love English.
 3. He / She loves French. It loves warmth.
Plural = Pl = Monikko
1. We love coffee.
2. You love Finland.
3. They love us.
b) KIELTEINEN
Sg
1.  I don't love you. = I do not love you.
2. You don't love English.
3. She doesn't love French. = She does not love French.
Pl
1. We don't love coffee.
2. You don't love Finland.
3. They don't love us.
c) KYSYMYS
Sg
1. Do I love you?
2. Do you love me?
3. Does Maija love French?
Pl
1. Do we love coffee?
2. Do you love Finland?
3. Do they love us?
d) Kielteiskysymys:
Sg
1. Don't I love you?
2. Don't you love English?
3. Doesn't  Maija love Spanish?
Pl 
1. Don't we love coffee?
2. Don't they love Finland?
3. Don't they love us?

 
 

Teksti

exercise 5

Täydennä lauseet yleispreesensillä.

 
  1. A bull shark _____________________(sleep) even though some people _____________(say) that sharks don’t sleep at all.
  2. It _________________(go) without saying that whales _______________(be) the biggest animals.
  3. A howler monkey ________________(cry) so loudly that it ___________________(hurt) your ears.
  4. A dog s_____________________(stay) more focused when it ____________________(know) that you will give it a hug later.
  5. When a parrot _________________________________(miss) its owner, it will stop eating.
  6. There _________________________(be) even more dangerous animals in the world.
  7. Why ______________________ birds _____________________(fly) south in the autumn?
    – The winter_________________________________(not + be) warm enough for them.
  8. Why ______________________________ a rattlesnake ________________________(not + eat) rabbits?
    – Rabbits a_______________________________(be) too fast for rattlesnakes.
  9. Why _______________________________ hedgehogs ________________________________(not + sleep) at night?
    – They ______________________________(look) for food during the nights.
  10. How long d___________________________ a baby moose ________________________(live) with its parents?
    – A young moose ______________________(live) with its mother for a year. The father _________________________________(not + take part) in raising its young.
 
 
 
 
 

Teksti

exercise 8

Täydennä tarina vihjeiden mukaan.

🔒 You will get the correct answers from your teacher.

 
Linda ___________________(asuu) and ______________________(opiskelee) in Edinburgh. She really ________________________(nauttii) it and she and her friends _________________________________(ei ole) a care in the world.

I ______________________(kuulen) she only _________________________(katuu) not having enough time to travel back to Finland as soon as a Bank Holiday ________________________________(tulee) along.

I ____________________________(uskon) she ____________________________(haluaa) to make the most of her time there. Why _________________________________(eivät) everybody ___________________________(ymmärrä) why she ___________________(pitää parempana) to stay in student accommodation rather than go home?

Now that Linda finally h____________________(on) a flat of her own, she _______________________________________(ei nouse ylös) till noon and ______________________________________(on velkaa) all her friends and relatives a lot of money all the time.

How____________________________________(vaihtaa) her sheets once a month, never ___________________________(ei koskaan pese) the dishes or ______________________________(vie) out the trash. She says(sanoo) her roommate always__________________________________(kiirehtii) to do everything before she ____________________(saa) the chance.
Linda just ________________________________(katsoo) TV all day and plays___________________________
_________________________________________(Kuulostaako tämä tarina) familiar? _____________________________(Onko sinulla) friends who ________________________________(elävät) like Linda?
Have you ever heard their side of the story?
Why _________________________________________________(he eivät muuta) the way they _______________________(elävät)?
Or why ___________________________________________________________(emme kaikki elä) like Linda?
Why_______________________________________________(kukaan välittää) so much about cleaning, for example?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Teksti

exercise 5 Täydennä lauseet yleispreesensillä.
1. sleeps; say
2. goes; are
3. cries; hurts
4. stays; knows
5. misses
6. are
7. do … fly; isn’t
8. doesn’t … eat; are
9. don’t … sleep; are looking / look
10. does … live; lives; doesn’t take part

Teksti

exercise 8 Täydennä tarina vihjeiden mukaan.
1. lives
2. studies
3. enjoys
4. don’t have
5. hear
6. regrets
7. comes
8. believe
9. wants
10. doesn’t ...understand
11. prefers
12. has
13. doesn’t get up
14. owes
15. doesn’t feel
16. changes
17. never washes/does
18. takes
19. says
20. hurries/rushes
21. gets
22. watches
23. plays
24. Does this story sound
25. Do you have
26. live
27. don’t they change
28. live
29. don’t we all live
30. does anybody care

August 27th, 2025

HW ex. 11 p. 218, ex. 13 p. 219, ex. 14 p. 220

change: The world is changing (ääntymätön e jää pois ennen -ing-päätettä)
stop: He is stopping (konsonantti kahdentuu -ing-päätteen edellä)

oikeinkirjoitusmuutoksia:
lie: He is lying on the floor.
tie: She is tying her shoelaces.
die: She is dying of cancer.

2. KESTOPREESENS
am / are / is + -ing
a) myönteinen:
Sg
1. I am singing = I'm singing
2. You are singing = You're singing
3. He / she is singing = He's / she's singing
Pl
1. We are singing = we're singing
2. You are singing = you're singing
3. They are singing = They're singing
I am singing = laulan juuri nyt parhaillaan / olen laulamassa
b) kielto:
1. I am not singing = I'm not singing
2. You are not singing = You aren't singing
3. He is not singing = He isn't singing
c) kysymys:
1. Am I singing?
2. Are you singing?
3. Is he singing?
d) kielteinen kysymys
1. Am I not singing?
2. Aren't you singing?
3. Isn't he singing?

go, do, veto (loppuvat o-kirjaimeen)
it goes without saying... = Sanomattakin on selvää...
Marc always does his homework.
The President vetoes the bill.

yksikkö on monikon näköinen:
an elk; many elk = hirvi
a moose; many moose = kanadanhirvi
a deer; many deer = saksanhirvi

oikeinkirjoitus: y muuttuu ie:ksi päätteen edellä
cry, study, try, carry
He cries a lot.
Marc studies French.
Matti tries very hard.
Marc carries my bag.

play, enjoy: y ei muutu, jos vokaali edellä
Ronaldo plays football.
He enjoys playing football.

oikeinkirjoitus: -s-pääte on -es, jos verbivatalo loppuu s, sh, ch, x, z:
miss, kiss, wash, watch, catch, fix
He misses me.
Marc kisses Mary passionately. (= Marc suutelee Marya intohimoisesti.)
Mary washes her laundry.
Mary watches TV.
Akseli catches a fish.
Dad fixes my bike.
A bee buzzes.

exercise 9 / Tulkitse englanniksi.

1. Herään aikaisin, menen alakertaan ja keitän pannullisen kahvia.
?
2. Veljeni laittaa meille molemmille aamiaista kuten tavallista.
?
3. "Ethän sinä ole myöhässä?" hän kysyy minulta.
?
4. Kun saan lautasen eteeni, alan syödä välittömästi.
?
5. Junani lähtee seitsemältä, joten minun täytyy kiiruhtaa.
?
6. Tunnen itseni onnelliseksi, koska tänään on syntymäpäiväni.
?

Teksti

exercise 9 More advanced Tulkitse englanniksi.
1. I wake up early, go downstairs and make a pot of coffee.
2. My brother makes us both breakfast as usual. / makes breakfast for both of us as usual.
3. “You aren’t late, are you?” he asks me.
4. When I get the plate in front of me, I start to eat / start eating immediately / right away.
5. My train leaves at seven, so I have to hurry (up) / rush.
6. I feel happy because it’s my birthday today.

Teksti

exercise 11

Täydennä lauseet kestopreesensillä vihjeiden mukaisesti.

 
  1. Kaitlyn ____________________________________________________ to go abroad. (plan)
  2. Her friends ____________________________________________ a surprise party for her. (arrange)
  3. Susan, Kaitlyn’s classmate, ___________________________________ to be able to be there as well. (hope)
  4. Unfortunately, Shirley ___________________________________________ because she has to work that night. (not + come)
  5. Henry ____________________________________________ persuade his best friend Mark to join them. (try)
  6. Mark _______________________________________________to Henry that he has too much work to do that week. (lie)
  7. “________________________________________________ me?” says Henry when Mark comes up with another lie. (kid)
  8. “I may be imagining things, but I think that you ___________________________________ these excuses one after another,” adds Henry. (make)
  9. Kaitlyn’s cousin Harley ______________________________________________________________________in Wichita next week. (see)
 
 
 
 
 

Teksti

exercise 13

Kesto- vai yleispreesens? Täydennä vihjeiden mukaan.

🔒 You will get the correct answers from your teacher.

 
  1. Look, it ________________________________________________ pretty hard outside. (sataa)
  2. Perhaps we ______________________________________________________________ out tonight. (emme mene)
  3. Who _______________________________________ out in this weather? Not me at least! (menee)
  4. Getting wet ____________________________________________ you any harm but it ______________________ very nice to get soaking wet. (ei vahingoita (do harm); ei ole)
  5. Look, someone _____________________________________________________________ into our driveway. (peruuttaa)
  6. Grandpa’s tail lights ______________________________________ pretty much the same. (näyttävät)
  7. _____________________________________________this car? (Onko se)
  8. Grandpa’s car ___________________________________________________________ LED tail lights. (ei ole)
  9. _______________________________________________things or ________________________________ Fanny’s car? (Näenkö; onko se)
  10. Can’t you see? She __________________________________________ at us. I __________________________________ her smiling too. (vilkuttaa; näen)
 
 
 
 
 

Teksti

exercise 14

More advanced. Käännä lauseet. Käytä yleis- tai kestopreesensiä.

🔒 Saat tehtävän vastaukset opettajaltasi.
1. Katso. Deborah voittaa kisan.
?
2. Useimmat seitsenvuotiaat eivät usko joulupukkiin.
?
3. Gary asuu ystäviensä luona, kunnes löytää oman asunnon.
?
4. Miksi oppitunnit loppuvat aina niin pian?
?
5. Menemme tavallisesti junalla, kun matkustamme mummon luokse Helsinkiin.
?
6. Kuuntele. Miksi kaikki valehtelevat Rickille? Onpa noloa!
?
7. Kolme poliisiautoa on valvomassa liikennettä moottoritiellä.
?

September 1st, 2025

exercise 11 Täydennä lauseet kestopreesensillä vihjeiden mukaisesti.
1. is planning
2. are arranging
3. is hoping
4. isn’t coming
5. is trying
6. is lying
7. Are … kidding
8. are … making
9. is studying
10. are seeing

Teksti

exercise 13 Kesto- vai yleispreesens? Täydennä vihjeiden mukaan.
1. ’s raining
2. aren’t going
3. goes
4. doesn’t do; isn’t
5. don’t we have
6. ’s backing
7. look
8. Is it
9. doesn’t have
10. Am I seeing; is it
11. ’s waving; (can) see

exercise 14 More advanced Käännä lauseet. Käytä yleis- tai kestopreesensiä.
1. Look. Deborah is winning the race.
2. Most seven-year-olds don’t believe in Father Christmas / Santa Claus.
3. Gary is staying/living with his friends until he finds his own flat/apartment.
4. Why do lessons always end so soon/quickly?
5. We usually take the train when we travel to visit Grandma in Helsinki.
6. Listen. Why is everybody lying to Rick? How embarrassing!
7. Three police cars are controlling the traffic on the motorway.

Teksti

It is raining cats and dogs. = It is pouring down. = It is raining heavily.

reverse a car (in Australian English) 
Someone is reversing up...

I am hearing things. (= Kuulen harhoja.)

wave at s-b

seven-year-old children = seven-year-olds

embarrass (v.) = nolostuttaa

September 3rd, 2025

HW: ex. 2a & 2b p. 14, ex. 2c p. 15, ex. 2d p. 16; ex. 16 p. 225

3. YLEISIMPERFEKTI:
säännöllisten verbien imperfekti muodostetaan -ed-päätteellä, joka äännetään kolmella eri tavalla:
1. phone, call: äännetään /d/ soinnillisen äänteen jälkeen phoned = called
Tim phoned / called me yesterday.
play: Ronaldo played football in Portugal.
enjoy:  I enjoyed reading.
stay: He stayed at home.
wonder: He wondered where to go.
yell: He yelled at me.
2. /t/ kovien soinnittomien äänteiden jälkeen
work: He worked hard.
stop: He stopped the car.
wash: Linda washed her laundry.
3. jos ääntöasu loppuu t:hen tai d:hen, -ed ääntyy /id/
want: Laurie wanted to go home.
decide: She decided to stay at home.
regret: He regretted the deal.
2. KIELTO
He did not yell at me. = He didn't yell at me.
Linda did not wash her laundry. = Linda didn't wash her laundry.
Laurie did not want to go home. = Laurie didn't want to go home.
3. KYSYMYS
Did Matti yell at you?
Did Linda wash her laundry?
Did Laurie want to go home?
4. KIELTEISKYSYVÄ
Didn't Matti yell at you?
Didn't Linda wash her laundry?
Didn't Laurie want to go home?

EPÄSÄÄNNÖLLISET VERBIT on opeteltava erikseen ulkoa.
grow, grew, grown = kasvaa (enimmäinen on perusmuoto, imperatiivi ja preesens; toisena on imperfekti; kolmantena teeman 3. muoto, jota käytetään mm. perfektissä, pluskvamperfektissä ja passiivissa)
fall, fell, fallen

affect = vaikuttaa (Inflation affects sales.)
have an effect on s-g

by accident = accidentally
by heart 

raise (raised, raised) a family / horses / children
transitiiviverbi = saa objektin (= tekemisen kohteen)

rise, rose, risen = nousta (intransitiiviverbi = ei saa objektia)
The sun always rises in the east.

take care of s-b = look after s-b = huolehtia jstkn

a decade = ten years
a century = a hundred years
a millennium = a thousand years

Teksti

exercise 2b

Spot the phrase. How are these expressed in the text? Find and highlight the phrases.

 
 
1. varttui
?
2. sattumalta
?
3. viikkokausia kerrallaan
?
4. siihen aikaan
?
5. viime vuosikymmenen aikana
?
6. toisin sanoen
?
7. vuonna 2006
?
8. vuoteen 2015 mennessä
?
9. olen ylpeä kulttuuristani
?
10. oli erittäin tärkeää
?
11. vaivautunut hiljaisuus, joka lankesi serkkuni ja minun välille
?
 

Teksti

exercise 2c

Fill in the story according to the clues. Use the phrases from the previous exercise to help you.

 
Kevin 1. _________________ (varttui) in California in a family that had come to the US from Mexico. He says he became English-speaking 2. ______________________ (sattumalta). Although 3. __________________________________________________ (hän oli aina ylpeä kulttuuristaan), he never really learned to speak Spanish. Sometimes 4. _______________________________________________________________________________________ (vaivautunut hiljaisuus saattoi langeta hänen ja hänen sukulaistensa välille) because they didn’t share a common language. Camila is another Mexican-American with similar experiences. She was born in Texas 5. ________________________ (vuonna 2007), but her family soon moved to Pennsylvania. 6. _________________________________(siihen aikaan), they didn’t have any family in the area, so Camila didn’t really have many opportunities to learn Spanish. During her early childhood, Camila would travel to Mexico 7. _________________________________________________________________ (useiksi viikoiksi kerrallaan) to spend her summer holiday with her cousins, but as she got older there were fewer and fewer trips and the language was slowly forgotten.
 
 
 
 
 

Teksti

exercise 2d

Go through the word lists below and check the meaning of any unfamiliar words.

Then combine the words that have opposite or similar meanings.

appear ● decline ● expose ● part time
bilingual ● delicate ● foreign ● pride
bring up ● empty ● international ● research
chance ● expect ● letdown ● specifically
complex ● export ● lifework ● unimportant

 

 
  opposite meaning   similar meaning
monolingual   career  
import   raise  
full time   seem  
essential   anticipate  
native   complicated  
fill   study  
shame   opportunity  
increase   subtle  
overall   disappointment  
local   reveal  
 
 
 
 
 

Teksti

exercise 16 page 225

Täydennä lauseet yleisimperfektillä.

 
1. We ______________________________(have) quite a day yesterday.
2. Jacob _________________________(obey) me for once and ______________________________________(not + hit) his little brother.
3. Noah’s hamster ________________________(die) and we _____________________________________(bury) her in the backyard.
4. Sophia _______________________________(teach) Ethan how to whistle, but he _____________________________(stop) whistling after an hour.
5. Emma’s grandma _______________________(pay) us a visit and we_____________________________--(catch) a bus and ___________________________________________(go) out for ice cream together.
6. Nobod_____________________________(yell) at each other or_________________________________________(break) the rules.
7. I never _______________________________________(think) a day like this could be possible.
8. So, whoever _______________________________(say) that money can’t buy you happiness _______________________________________(not + know) what they ___________________________(be) on about.
9. I __________________________(give) each child 15 euros and they__________________________________(zip) their lip the whole day. Super Nanny in action!
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Teksti

Text 2. Can you lose a language you never knew?

 
Tummatukkainen poika istuu ja katsoo kaukaisuuteen..©Ritchie/Austockphoto/Adobe Stock
Kevin is Mexican-American but he has never learned to speak Spanish. In this text he discusses how language affects his cultural identity. 
 
I grew up a monolingual Mexican-American by accident. 
My father was often away for weeks at a time, driving 18-wheeler trucks importing and exporting goods throughout the Southwest. My mother worked an office job, and had to juggle her career, finishing her degree and raising two young children. With both parents working full time, this left my brother and me in a bit of a free-fall. 
But when I was around four, help arrived. My aunt Nena moved from Mexico to the U.S. — the plan was for her to live with our family and take care of my brother and me while settling into life in Los Angeles. 
At the time, it seemed like a wonderful idea. My aunt would help with childcare while teaching us Spanish. What no one anticipated was her own eagerness to learn English, essential for her transition to the U.S. And who better to learn from than two native English speakers? 
This resulted, much to everyone's chagrin, in two stubbornly Anglophone children. I can't speak Spanish. It's a simple fact that fills me with shame. 
What I didn't know at the time was that my situation reflects a question in the broader Latinx community: Just how important is knowing how to speak Spanish, anyway? 
The answer, even among the Latinx community, is complicated. A Pew Research Center study from October of 2017, found that "while the number of Latinos who speak Spanish at home continues to increase due to the overall growth of the Latino population, the share of Latinos who speak the language has declined over the past decade." 
In other words: While the population is growing, a smaller percentage of us are speaking the language. In 2006, 78 percent of Latinxs spoke Spanish at home. By 2015, that number had dropped to 73 percent. 
I'm part of that decline. Living in a city with nearly 5 million Latinxs provided me with countless opportunities to engage my culture. I have fond childhood memories of outings to Olvera Street, weekly trips to the local panadería, and dance lessons in ballet folklórico. 
I'm proud of my culture. But despite all this, I struggle with my Mexican identity. 
Growing up, I was told that understanding the language of the home country was of the utmost importance. Sometimes this message was subtle: Spanish-speaking strangers who, after trying and failing to interact with me, would let out a pointed "¿No habla español?" 
Other times, it was more explicit — the gentle (and not-so-gentle) teasing from family and friends for mixing up ser and estar; the uncomfortable silence that fell between my cousin and me, neither of us able to communicate during my family's trips to Mexico. 
This disconnect between language and culture is all too common for Latinx Americans. According to Pew, 71 percent of self-identified Hispanic adults said that you don't need to speak Spanish to be considered Latinx. At the same time, nearly 90 percent say that it's important for future generations of Latinx Americans to speak Spanish. 
Language is central to just about every cultural identity. And language, particularly for Hispanics, transcends national borders. We have a word for this: Latinidad. It's an understanding that Latin American communities are varied and complex, but connected by a shared language. 
For me, this understanding played out on a personal level. In school, my friends were Mexican, Cuban, Puerto Rican and Salvadoran. We didn't necessarily share a common experience. But Spanish was supposed to be a way we could understand one another despite our different backgrounds. 
This perceived understanding explains the warmth and affection I receive from Hispanic strangers I meet in public. It also accounts for their visible disappointment when I reveal the extent of my American assimilation. Growing up, it didn't matter to my friends or to strangers that I could make tamales or sing my heart out to Selena's Como La Flor (albeit with a bit of stumbling through the lyrics). 
In the view of many of my Hispanic compatriots, I wasn't Mexican-American. I was just American. 

September 8th, 2025

HW: ex. 2f p. 17 - 18; ex. 17 p. 225; ex. 20 p. 226 - 227, ex. 21 p. 227

4. KESTOIMPERFEKTI
was / were + -ing
When I was taking a shower, my phone rang.
When we were watching TV, the fire broke out.

USED TO -rakenne on aina imperfekti:
I used to go to the gym four times a week.
We used to get up at 5 am.
Did you use to go to the gym every day?

cancelled (BrE): They cancelled the meeting.
They canceled (AmE) the meeting.

He left the room without saying a word.
hardly = barely = scarcely = TUSKIN

What happened?
Who said so?
How many people lost their lives?
subjekti = tekijä
predikaatti = verbi
objekti
Kun kysymyssana on SUBJEKTI tai subjektin läheinen määre, DID-apuverbiä EI TULE suoraan kysymykseen.

y muuttuu i:ksi päätteen edellä, jos y:tä ennen KONSONANTTI
bury; buried; hurry; hurried; study; studied

konsonantti kahdentuu:
stop; stopped

epäsäännöllisiä verbejä:
know, knew, known
think, thought, thought
grow, grew, grown
fall, fell, fallen
hit, hit, hit
teach, taught, taught
give, gave, given

pay, paid, paid
say, said, said
lay, laid, laid

catch, caught, caught
go, went, gone
break, broke, broken

for a few weeks at a time = for several weeks at a time

expect (v.) = odottaa
except = apart from

accidentally = by accident = vahingossa

Teksti

exercise 2a Mark the statements as true or false.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE. Kevin’s father was away in the southwestern parts of the USA for long periods of time.
3. FALSE. Kevin’s aunt moved to Los Angeles to take care of Kevin and his brother and to teach them Spanish.
4. TRUE
5. FALSE. Kevin had many opportunities to get to know his Mexican cultural heritage in the US.
6. TRUE
7. TRUE.
8. FALSE. Latinx Americans are clearly disappointed when they find out Kevin can’t speak Spanish.

exercise 2b Spot the phrase. 1. grew up 2. by accident 3. for weeks at a time 4. at the time 5. over the past decade 6. in other words 7. in 2006 8. by 2015 9. I'm proud of my culture 10. was of the utmost importance 11. the uncomfortable silence that fell between my cousin and me 

exercise 2c Fill in the story according to the clues.
1. grew up
2. by accident
3. he was always proud of his culture
4. an uncomfortable silence could/would fall between him and his relativ
5. in 2007
6. At the time
7. for (several) weeks at a time

exercise 2d Go through the word lists below and check the meaning of any unfamiliar words. Then combine the words that have opposite or similar meanings.
Opposite meaning 
monolingual bilingual
import export
full time part time
essential unimportant
native foreign
fill empty
shame pride
increase decline
overall specifically
local international

Similar meaning
career lifework
raise bring up 
seem appear 
anticipate expect n
complicated complex
study research
opportunity chance
subtle delicate
disappointment letdown
local international
reveal expose

Teksti

exercise 16 p. 225 Täydennä lauseet yleisimperfektillä.
1. had 
2. obeyed;didn’t hit
3. died; buried
4. taught;
5. stopped
6. paid, caught,
7. went yelled,
8. broke thought
9. said; didn’t know; were
10. gave; zipped

September 10th, 2025

HW: ex. 23 p. 229, ex. 24 p. 229, ex. 25 p. 230

kestoimperfektistä:
1. When I walked home, my phone rang.
2. When I was walking home, my phone rang.
3. When I was walking home, my phone was ringing.
4. When I walked home, my phone was ringing.

Cinderella = Tuhkimo
The Swan Lake = Joutsenlampi

(to) be born = syntyä
When were you born? = Milloin olet syntynyt?
Where were you born? = Missä olet syntynyt?
I was born in Joensuu. = Olen syntynyt Joensuussa.

bully: bullied = kiusata
tease = kiusoitella

a fairy tale = satu
"Once upon a time..." = "Olipa kerran..."
"And they lived happily ever after." = "Ja he elivät onnellisina elämänsä loppuun asti."

make aktiivissa: ei TO-partikkelia infinitiiviin:
He made me cry.

EPÄSÄÄNNÖLLISIÄ VERBEJÄ:
cut, cut, cut
dig, dug, dug
give, gave, given
run, ran, run
find, found, found
fit. fit, fit
wear, wore, worn
put, put, put
drive, drove, driven
bring, brought, brought
have, had, had
buy, bought, bought
leave, left, left
swim, swam, swum
rise, rose, risen
be , was / were, been
take, took, taken
freeze, froze, frozen
win, won, won


the Chinese = kiinalaiset; The Chinese have invented many things.
the Japanese = japanilaiset; The Japanese are usually very polite.
the Portuguese = portugalilaiset; The Portuguese have always been good sea farers. (= Portugalilaiset ovat aina olleet hyviä merenkulkijoita.)
the Vietnamese; The Vietnamese are usually hard-working.
the Burmese; The Burmese have suffered a lot.
the Swiss; The Swiss are also hard-working.

Teksti

exercise 17 Muuta lauseet imperfektiin parisi kanssa.
+15 °C The Spanish wore gloves and winter coats. Finns sunbathed.
+10 °C The French put central heating on. Finns planted flowers.
+5 °C Italians didn’t like the weather anymore. Finns drove convertibles.
0 °C The Portuguese brought in their goats. Finns stopped wearing shades.
−5 °C Californians posted about the freaky weather on Facebook. The Finnish midsummer festival ended.
−10 °C The Scottish turned the heat on in their houses. Finns started to wear long sleeved shirts.
−20 °C Swedes stayed indoors whenever possible. Finns had the last barbecue before winter.
−30 °C Half of the Greek population bought extra heaters to warm their homes. Finns didn’t dry their laundry outdoors anymore.
−50 °C Polar bears left the North Pole and swam to Tahiti. The Finnish cub scouts decided it was time to go camping. −70 °C Siberian people moved to Moscow. Finns were furious since the heating costs rose quite a bit.
−273 °C Absolute zero. Finns took out their beanies.
−300 °C Hell froze over. Finland won the FIFA World Cup.

Teksti

exercise 20 Täydennä verbit vihjeiden mukaan yleisimperfektissä
1. didn’t like
2. forced her to work / made her work
3. gave
4. didn’t give
5. ended
6. ran
7. Didn’t she leave
8. searched
9. found
10. fit
11. lived
12. did you know
13. changed
14. didn’t fit
15. cut
16. described
17. Did you think
18. was
19. realized / realised
20. loved
21. dug
22. didn’t stay

exercise 21 More advanced Käännä englanniksi.
1. When I was little, my dad used to read me the story of the Ugly Duckling.
2. The Ugly Duckling wasn’t born into the right family.
3. The other ducks didn’t play with it but teased / bullied and made fun of it as a child / as a chick.
5. Every time / Whenever something bad happened, it was the Ugly Duckling’s fault.
6. Why did I like the story when I was young?
7. Maybe/Perhaps I wanted to turn into / become a beautiful swan like the Ugly Duckling.

September 15th, 2025

HW: ex. 26 p. 231, ex. 31 p. 235, ex. 33 p. 238

YLEISPERFEKTI:

have / has + teeman 3. muoto
I have written a composition.
write, wrote, written
win, won, won
run, ran, run
lose, lost, lost
We have missed the bus.
= We've missed the bus.

How long have you lived in Helsinki?
I have lived here since 1982.
I have lived here for ten years.
choose, chose, chosen

strike, struck, struck
The clock struck five.
a lightning = salama
lighting = valaistus

realise / realize

hang, hung, hung = ripustaa
Yesterday I hung my paintings on the wall.

hang, hanged, hanged
They hanged him. He hirttivät hänet.

NB!
Väinö Linna wrote The Unknown Soldier. = Väinö Linna on kirjoittanut Tuntemattoman sotilaan.
I was born in Joensuu. = Olen syntynyt Joensuussa.
Where were you born?
He was born in 1944. = Hän on syntynyt vuonna 1944.
Who painted Mona Lisa? = Kuka on maalannut Mona Lisan?
Who wrote The Seven Brothers? = Kuka on kirjoittanut Seitsemän veljeksen?
NB! suomessa PERFEKTI, mutta englannissa IMPERFEKTI!

KESTOPERFEKTI:
have / has + BEEN + -ing
I have been reading Paul Auster's 4321. = Olen lueskellut / lukenut Paul Austerin romaania 4321.
I have read Paul Auster's 4321. = Olen lukenut Paul Austerin romaanin 4321.

read, read, read = /riid/, /red/, /red/

Our neighbour has been painting his house. = Naapurimme on maalannut / maalaillut taloaan.
Our neighbour has painted his house. = Naapurimme on maalannut talonsa.

Aunt Irma has been seeing a millionaire. = Irma-täti on tapaillut miljönääriä.
Aunt Irma has seen a millionaire. = Irma-täti on nähnyt miljönäärin.

Matti has been hearing things. = Matti on kuullut omiaan (harhoja).
Matti has heard things. = Matti on kuullut asioita.

Teksti

5.2 Past continuous exercise 23 Vertaa seuraavia lauseita ja selitä suomeksi parillesi, miten niiden merkitys eroaa.
1a Kun Marge tuli kotiin, olimme syömässä illallista. – Olimme illallispöydässä, kun Marge tuli. 1b Kun Marge tuli kotiin, söimme illallista. – Aloimme syödä illallista kun Marge tuli.
2a Mitä sinä teit? – Mitä sait valmiiksi? 2b Mitä sinä olit tekemässä? – Mihin käytit aikaasi?
3a Päivä oli pimenemässä – Korostetaan asteittaista muutosta. 3b Tuli pimeää. – Korostaa lopputulosta.

exercise 24 Käännä englanniksi käyttäen joko yleis- tai kestoimperfektiä.
1. The wind was already rising / getting stronger.
2. Luckily I wasn’t out running when the storm started/began.
3. Were you standing under a tree when the lightning struck?
4. Did you realize what was happening around you then?
5. Your sister was already waiting by/at the hospital door when the ambulance brought you in/there.
6. Your parents were living / lived in Berlin at the time.
7. They were waiting for information on how you were doing.
8. Luckily / Fortunately you were already getting better / recovering / on the mend.

exercise 25 Täydennä suomenkielisten vihjeiden perusteella verbit oikeassa muodossa.
1. was reading, heard
2. fell, was hanging
3. screamed, fell
4. was chasing, happened / took place
5. were you doing
6. was watching
7. thought, heard
8. sounded, was trying
9. met
10. was wearing / wore, looked
11. understood, were talking, discussing
12. did…buy, did…cost
13. talked/spoke
14. was, were, were taking pictures/photos/photographs
15. saw / didn’t recognize
16. was always calling

September 17th, 2025

HW: ex. 34 p. 239, ex. 35 p. 240, ex. 41 p. 246, ex. 4b p. 32

in the mid-19th century = in the mid-1800s
Mom
Dad

What have you been up to since I last saw you?
We have been to Sweden and Norway. =  We have visited Sweden and Norway.

intern(ship) (n.) = harjoittelu

bully (v.) = kiusata
a bully (n.) = kiusaaja

harrass (v.) = kiusata
harrassment (n.) = kiusaaminen

a peer (n.) = samanikäinen ikätoveri

the sooner, the better = mitä pikemmin, sitä parempi
the older, the wiser = mitä vanhempi, sitä viisaampi

I rely on you. = I trust you. = Luotan Sinuun.


7. YLEISPLUSKVAMPERFEKTI
had + teeman 3. muoto
After I had taken a shower, I had my breakfast.
When I came to the station, the train had already gone.

hear, heard, heard
hide, hid, hidden

8. KESTOPLUSKVAMPERFEKTI
had + BEEN + -ing
It had been raining all day when we decided to watch a movie.
He had been standing there for hours before the help arrived.

Teksti

exercise 26 More advanced Käännä yleis- tai kestoimperfektillä.
1. Teams played American football for the first time in the mid-19th century.
2. The rules used to be almost the same as in European football / soccer.
3. When the Super Bowl was on (TV), all the men in the family used to watch the game all afternoon.
4. While the men were watching the game, Mum was usually in the kitchen preparing dinner.
5. Didn’t they realize that Mum was always hoping / always hoped to get help in the kitchen?

Teksti

exercise 31 More advanced Alleviivaa oikea muoto ja perustele valintasi omin sanoin suomeksi tai englanniksi.
1. Have you bought
2. bought
3. Did you buy
4. haven’t felt like
5. spent moved; thought
6. haven’t you missed
7. travelled;
8. have missed

Teksti

6.2 Present perfect continuous
exercise 33 Ilmaise englanniksi parisi kanssa. Käytä perfektin yleis- tai kestomuotoa.
1. Oh no! I think I’ve broken my sister’s new sunglasses.
2. Why on earth haven’t you said anything about it before? She will be angry at/with you.
3. How long have you been waiting for a (vacant) table?
4. Almost thirty minutes. This restaurant has never been as popular as it is now.
5. I’m sorry that I haven’t been to see you lately.
6. That’s ok. I’ve been working very hard all the time, too.
7. What have you been doing since I last saw you?
8. My boyfriend and I have been travelling the world. We have been to Sweden and Norway.
9. Mark is studying engineering. He has been doing practical training for the past three weeks.
10. He has loved every minute of it. No wonder he has even been talking / has even talked about building bridges in his sleep.
11. You look / are looking tired and dirty. What have you been doing / What have you been up to?
12. I’ve been working in the garden.
13. Haven’t we already been driving for three hours?
14. At least three. Why haven’t we taken/had a break yet?

September 22nd, 2025

HW: ex. 4c p. 33 & ex. 4e p. 34

gonna 
going to
wanna
want to

I'm a teacher. = I am a teacher.

a peer = ikätoveri
a pear = päärynä

the sooner, the better = mitä pikemmin, sitä parempi
the older, the wiser = mitä vanhempi, sitä viisaampi
The longer I live, the more I know.

a threat (n.): It was a threat.
threaten (v.): He threatened her life.

humiliate (v.) = nöyryyttää
humiliating (adj.) = nöyryyttävä

thorough (adj.): He has a thorough knowledge of Finnish history.
thoroughly (adv.): I know him thoroughly. 

NB! through (preposition): H walked through the park.

yleisimperfekti: I lived in England. / I heard the news yesterday. / I thought about.
kestoimperfekti: I was living in England. / I was thinking about you.
yleispluskvamperfekti: had + teeman 3. muoto
I had gone to work before the mail came.
kestopluskvamperfekti: had + BEEN + -ing-muoto
It had been raining heavily.

erja.haaksluoto@tyk.fi

I haven't ever had a more loyal friend.
= I have never had a more loyal friend.

make up one's mind = decide
I made up my mind to go to university. = I decided to go to university.
Haven't you made up your mind? = Haven't you decided?

Haven't you heard of Princeton?

have fun / have a good time / have a great time  / enjoy oneself

Teksti

exercise 34 Muodosta annetusta verbistä joko yleis- tai kestoperfekti, niin että se sopii tarinaan.
1. hasn’t visited
2. have been writing / have written
3. haven’t…had
4. has…started
5. has been
6. has proven/proved
7. have been
8. have…thought 
9. has missed / has been missing
10. have decided
11. have taken / have been taking
12. hasn’t enrolled
13. hasn’t said / been saying
14. hasn’t wanted
15. Haven’t made
16. has… lived / been living
17. has been able to
18. have…allowed
19. Haven’t…heard

exercise 35 More advanced Käännä.
1. I have been trying to call you for hours.
2. Why have you been avoiding me?
3. How many months has it been already?
4. Why haven’t we thought of this before?
5. Have I seen you here before?
6. Haven’t you been too busy lately?
7. Everybody/everyone has had / has been having a good time in the new school.

Teksti

exercise 41 Täydennä tarina pluskvamperfektin tai imperfektin yleis- tai kestomuodoilla.
1. had
2. had filled
3. (had) checked
4. thought
5. was
6. turned down / rejected / said no to / declined
7. was going
8. stopped
9. had to stop
10. had been trying / had tried
11. decided
12. happened
13. arrived
14. was wearing
15. had threatened
16. tried / attempted
17. was standing / stood
18. moved
19. hadn’t I thought / didn’t I think
20. wondered / was wondering
21. took
22. cleaned
23. put/placed
24. had been standing
25. had fixed
26. hadn’t decided
27. looked

Teksti


exercise 4 b Spot the phrase. 
1. as they made their way down the aisle
2. he was all on his own
3. behavior that increased one’s popularity
4. the bigger the character you are, the higher up you are
5. it used to be the case
6. a wide variety of clothing styles
7. an ordinary and valued way of life
8. In the last week of the summer term
9. a five-day holiday
10. popularity is achieved by including peers
11. as ways of feeling good about themselves

September 24th, 2025

HW: ex. 4g p. 36 & ex. 4j p. 37, ex. 43 p. 250 - 251

a rug = matto
a landlord / a landlady = vuokraisäntä

LIVING SOMEWHERE:
a house
a detached house = omakotitalo
a semi-detached house = paritalo
a block of flats = kerrostalo
a flat / an apartment = kerrostaloasunto
a rent = vuokra
electricity = sähkö
water = vesi

TAG QUESTIONS:
jos alku myönteinen, liitelysymys on kielteinen
jos alku on kielteinen, liitekysymys on myönteinen
He isn't Finnish, is he?
The sun was shining, wasn't it?
Marc has studied French, hasn't he?
He will come here next week, won't he?

Everybody loves him,don't they?
Nothing compares to her, does it?

Let's go home, shall we?
Go home, will you?

I am a bit silly, aren't I?

She has a five-year-old son.
She has a son who is five years old.

all on his own = all alone = all by himself

Do you feel good about yourself?
I feel good about myself.

By doing we learn. = Tekemällä opimme.

wear, wore, worn
We wear clothes.
I wear jewellery / jewelry.

(a) hardship = (a) difficulty

September 29th, 2025

exercise 43 Kirjoita liitekysymykset. Kuuntele oikeat vastaukset.
1. We’re turning left here, aren’t we?
2. It’s been a long time since we visited my uncle Vlad, hasn’t it?
3. He never leaves his castle, does he?
4. You don’t feel comfortable there, do you?
5. He’s really scary, isn’t he?
6. You’ve never really recovered from the visit, have you?
7. I was really mad at the time, wasn’t I?
8. My uncle has never really got used to visitors, has he?
9. He should try to live more in this world, shouldn’t he?
10. His family have always been like that, haven’t they?
11. They never care what the others are saying about them, do they?
12. We’d have been able to say no this time, too, wouldn’t we?
13. Still, I’d better try to make an effort, hadn’t I?
14. He’d disinherit us in a blink of an eye, wouldn’t he?
15. Somebody will want to inherit his castle anyway, won’t they?
16. Let’s try to stick this visit out, shall we?
17. At least we’ll be the only relatives there, won’t we?
18. So, don’t forget to think about the inheritance, will you?
19. We don’t know if any of the neighbours have been invited, do we?
20. I think they are after the castle, aren’t they?
21. Thank goodness we don’t have to be alone with my uncle anyway, do we?
22. Anybody would agree, wouldn’t they?
23. I’m making you nervous, aren’t I?
24. He won’t try to bite us this time, will he?
25. Just read the instructions on how to keep vampires at bay, will you?

Teksti

exercise 4c
as they made their way down the aisle
he was all on his own
behavior that increased one’s popularity
the bigger the character you are, the higher up you are
it used to be the case
a wide variety of clothing styles
an ordinary and valued way of life

exercise 4e
1. the last week
2. five-year-old boy
3. all on his own / all by himself
4. the younger
5. the easier
6. It used to be
7. achieved by being friendly
8. feel good about themselves s

exercise 4e Fill in the gaps with the words given in the box below.
1. popularity
2. peers
3. wear
4. characteristic
5.consider
6. variety
7. matter
8. Bullying
9. include
10. support
Extra words: expect, ordinary, valued

September 29th, 2025

exercise 4g Translate.
1. What characteristics do you value in a good friend?
2. What would you do if you knew somebody was bullying your friend?
3. Why do teenagers/young people exclude someone?
4. What have you argued with your friend about?
5. How can you achieve/gain popularity?

Teksti

exercise 5b Spot the phrase.
1. on my own
2. at an unreasonable time
3. I was living the dream
4. I reveled in it 
5. insisted on having his rent every week
6. suited my nature
7. took up painting
8. mind your dinner
9. she didn’t heed my warning
10. head straight for her food
11. my folks came over
12. to see how I was getting on

STEP 1. With the help of the previous exercise, fill in the missing phrases according to the clues. 
1. to live on my own
2. has always suited your nature
3. I can head straight for the table
4. have been living the single person’s dream
5. to take up interesting new hobbies
6. have always insisted on paying
7. do you promise to come over'
8. to check how you are getting on