11.7 Tundra

The vegetation of the northern frigid zone must endure harsh climatic conditions. Only a few plant species are up to the task. In the northern frigid zone, the vegetation consists of low shrubs, grasses, mosses and lichens.

Tundras are almost completely free of trees. Tundra is found in the northernmost areas of Europe, such as Iceland, Norway and Russia.

During the summer, large insect populations lure migrating birds to tundra regions. Other animals of the tundra include small mammals, such as voles, as well as larger mammals, such as polar bears. 


The tundra is a barren environment.