Tehtävä: ajanilmaisut


32. Täydennä tekstiin Irlannin historian avainajankohdat vihkoon.

1. It is estimated that Ireland was first settled by people about 10,000 years ago. Around
the first farmers arrived in Ireland and, around , warriors known as the Celts came to Ireland from mainland Europe. (4000 eaa; 300 eaa)
2. Following the arrival of Saint Patrick, the snake-banishing national saint, Christianity took over the pagan religions . (400-luvun puolivälissä)
3. and Vikings began to invade and settle into Irish society. They founded, Dublin, Ireland’s capital city . (700-luvun loppua kohti; 8. vuosisadan aikana; vuonna 988)
4. a wave of Norman adventurers sailed to Ireland from England. To strengthen the English rule King Henry II arrived in Ireland making Ireland the first English colony. (1100-luvun puolivälissä; 1100-luvun loppupuolella)
5. Ireland remained a colony until King Henry VIII declared himself King of Ireland. Ireland was now united with England under one crown. (vuonna 1541)
6. From this time up , thousands of English and Scottish Protestant settlers arrived in Ireland. about 30,000 colonial settlers had arrived in Ulster. (1600-luvun loppupuolelle; 1600-luvun puoleen väliin mennessä)
7. Inspired by the French Revolution, the United Irishmen was formed to reform and reduce Britain’s power in Ireland. The United Irishmen was the inspiration for an armed rebellion. (vuoden 1798)
8. , a new leader had emerged. Daniel O’Connell’s political vision was overshadowed, however, by the worst disaster and tragedy in Irish history – the Great Famine . two million people died or were forced to emigrate from Ireland. (1830-lukuun mennessä; 1840-luvun; Vuosien 1845 ja 1851 välissä)
9. (Easter Monday), two groups of armed rebels seized key locations in Dublin. The Easter Rising finished , the same year, with the surrender of the rebels. (Huhtikuun 24. päivänä, 1916; huhtikuun lopussa)
10. In the ‘War of Independence’ the Irish Republican Army waged a guerilla war against the British. (vuodesta 1919 vuoteen 1921)

11. The division of opinion in Ireland was so severe that a Civil War followed. , the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed and the Irish Free State was created. Ireland was still a British dominion. (vuodesta 1922 vuoteen 1923; Joulukuun kuudentena, vuonna 1922)
12. Unexpectedly, , Prime Minister John A. Costello announced that Ireland was to be declared a republic. When the Act came into force , it ended Ireland’s status as a British dominion. (vuonna 1948; vuoden 1949 keväällä)
13. The stability of the country came to an end due to systematic discrimination against Catholics. A period known as ‘the Troubles’ began. (1960-luvun lopulla)
14. British troops were sent to Northern Ireland to maintain order. On Bloody Sunday British forces opened fire on a Catholic civil rights march in Derry killing 13 people. ‘The Troubles’ finished with the Belfast (or Good Friday) Agreement , 1998. (1970-luvun alkupuolella; huhtikuun
kymmenennen)
15. stability and peace have come to Northern Ireland. (Vuodesta 1998)
16. the Irish economy was in recession and large numbers of people emigrated to the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Australia. (1980-luvulla)
17. Economic reforms along with membership of the European Union created one of the world’s highest economic growth rates. Ireland became a country of immigration. This period in Irish history was called the Celtic Tiger. (1990-luvulla)