The mountain ranges of planet Earth are characterized by a special type of vegetation. When ascending a mountain, the air gradually becomes colder the higher one climbs. This results in a large amount of variation in mountain flora at different elevations.

In the temperate zone, the vegetation of mountain ranges consists of broadleaf and coniferous forests. Conifers such as spruce and pine thrive at higher elevations than broadleaf trees.

The term mountain vegetation refers to the scarce vegetation type found at high elevations. This kind of vegetation, which is similar to that found in northern tundras, is found in tall mountain ranges such as the American Cordillera and the Alps of Central Europe. 

In mountainous regions, the temperature variation between day and night is often drastic. The afternoons can be hot, whereas the nights can receive sub-zero temperatures. Different species of low shrubs and grasses have adapted to these conditions. 

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