ENA9 / 4. periodi / Haaksluoto

Teksti

EXAM on Monday, February 24th, 2025, at 15.00 - 21.00 hours in classroom 31
Bring your own laptop with you with the necessary cords and headphones. And something to drink and eat!

kurssiohjelma / outline

Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukio 2024 – 2025 / IV period

ENA9 / ENGLISH / ADVANCED / COURSE 9 /// A COURSE MAINLY FOR THOSE WHO ARE TAKING THEIR MATRICULATION EXAMINATION IN SPRING 2025 on January 7th – February 11th, 2025, at 17.00 – 18.20 hours

The books to have:

1) Riitta Silk – Jaakko Mäki – Felicity Kjisik: Grammar Rules! & vastauskirja (Otava)

2) Abilities (available only in a digital form) (Otava)

Teacher: Erja H. Haaksluoto; e-mail: erja.haaksluoto@tyk.fi Available for consultation: on Mondays at 20.05 – 20.45 hours in Class Room 31 (= so-called KIELIKLINIKKA) except not during the exam weeks.

You may attend the lessons in person in class room 31 or remotely on Google Meet. The link is always the same: meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj

 

STUDY PLAN:

  1. January 7, 2025: WARMING UP: INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE // Advice for the matriculation exam // RC 6 (= reading comprehension): Science news
  2. January 9, 2025: Grammar: Verbs (Conditionals and if-clauses) // LC 6 (= listening comprehension): Science in a minute // Glossary: Health / Well-being
  3. January 14, 2025: Grammar: Conditionals and if-clauses // ex. 1 & 3 // RC 2: The Luddites
  4. January 16, 2025: Grammar: The passive voice // ex. 5 & 7 // Home Work 4
  5. January 21, 2025: LC 1: Do cyclists really think they are above the law? (video) // RC 4: Mitochondrial Eve and the true melting pot // Home Work 8
  6. January 23, 2025: RC 4: Mitochondrial Eve and the true melting pot / LC 13 Dealing with climate change // Glossary: Environment / Sustainable development
  7. January 28, 2025: Grammar: Infinitives, ING-forms and THAT-clause // ex. 17 & 18 // Glossary: Society / Politics // RC 5: Worms land a great job // LC 12 Quakka
  8. January 30, 2025: Home Work 20 // Grammar: Nouns and Articles // ex. 25 & 27 & 28 & 29 & 31 // Glossary: Economy / Work 
  9. February 4, 2025: ex. 35 & 36 // Home Work 32 // Glossary: Immigration / Global Issues // Grammar: Quantity Words & Numerals // ex. 57 & 60 & 61 // 
  10. February 6, 2025: Home Work 58 & 61 // Grammar: Word Order // ex. 76 & Home Work 77
  11. February 11, 2025:  Glossary: Science / Technology // Grammar: Shortened Clauses / ex. 88 & Home Work 89 // Conjunctions / Home Work 91 // Linking words / Home Work 94

 

NB! ABI-INFO II 27.2.2025 klo 20.05 juhlasalissa, 5. krs! 

 

THE EXAM takes place digitally at 15.00 - 21.00 hours on Monday, February 24th, 2025. (You will be given the full SIX hours to do your exam.) The exam will be delivered back to you digitally, but if there are any questions concerning the exam, they will be answered in Class Room 31 on Friday, February 28th, 2024, at 16.00 – 17.30 hours.

RETAKE EXAM: on Friday on March 28th, 2025, at 17.00 – 20.05 hours (NB!!! Uusintakokeeseen ON AINA ILMOITTAUDUTTAVA erikseen täyttämällä vaaleansininen uusintakoelappu, jonka saa kansliasta (2. krs). Uusintakokeeseen on ilmoittauduttava VIIMEISTÄÄN VIIKKOA AIKAISEMMIN eli perjantaina 21.3.2025 toimittamalla uusintakoelappu kansliaan, 2.krs. Uusintakoelomakkeesta on myös olemassa sähköinen lomake. Nettisivuilla on pdf, jonka voi suoraan täyttää ja lähettää liitetiedostona kansliaan. Lomake löytyy täältä: https://www.tyk.fi/aikuislukio/tietoa/lomakkeet/ Huomaa myös, että uusintakoe ei ole kuusituntinen preliminäärikoe, vaan koeaika on vain 3h 5 min.)

 

HOME ASSIGNMENTS:

You must hand in TWO compositions on the titles given in the digibook Abilities.

THE GRADE ON COURSE 9 CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING PARTS:

1) WRITTEN DIGITAL TEST including listening comprehension tests and videos at 15.00 – 21.00 hours on Monday, February 24th, 2025

2) AND YOU MUST HAND IN TWO COMPOSITIONS on the titles given in the digibook Abilities.

 

ENGLANNIN SUULLINEN VALMENTAUTUMISTILAISUUS ENNEN KIRJALLISTA YLIOPPILASKOETTA (kirjallisen kokeen yhteydessä on myös kuuntelut & videot: pitkä englanti maanantaina 17.3.2025 klo 9.00 – 15.00 // lyhyt englanti torstaina  13.3.2025 klo 9.00 – 15.00; paikalla oltava viimeistään klo 8.00) järjestetään perjantaina 7.3.2025 klo 17.00 – 20.00 luokassa 31 (etänä linkissä: meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj).

 

January 7th, 2025

abundant = rich
abundance (n.) = runsaus
dung = manure = excrement

an insight into s-g: She has a deep insight into Finnish literature.

debris; razor debris (jätteet)

January 9th, 2025

Tapescripf for listening comperehension 6: Science in a minute

Saturn, according to recent estimates, is about 4.503 billion years old, but its famous rings are only about 100 million years old. Scientists have been trying to find out why those rings are so much younger than the planet itself. A new study published in the Journal of Science, and led by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, suggests that at one time Saturn had at least one extra moon, along with its current stable of 83 moons. Dubbed chrysalis by the authors, the study proposes that the moon was ripped apart when it grazed its host planet about 160 million years ago. The researchers’ findings suggest that it then broke into fragments that may have continued to float in orbit. It's thought that those fragments broke into even smaller icy bits over the years and formed Saturn's iconic rings. I’m VOA’s Rick Pantaleo.

Dental professionals say our permanent teeth are meant to last a lifetime, if we take care of them. This includes regular brushing and flossing our teeth. Those who don’t take care of these crucial oral health chores, often find out how easy it is to lose control of good dental health. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have conducted a proof-of-concept study that someday could lead to the development of what they call, swarms of shapeshifting microrobots that would automate these important dental health procedures. The scientists say that packs of these microrobots made of iron oxide nanoparticles can be configured and directed to floss, brush, and rinse your teeth. They add that the nanoparticles produce a catalytic reaction that creates antimicrobials that also kills (sic) harmful oral bacteria. I’m VOA’s Rick Pantaleo.

American pop and country singing and songwriting superstar Taylor Swift has won a countless number of awards, including multiple Grammys, Golden Globes, and others presented to her throughout the world. Now Taylor Swift is being honored by the scientific community. Derek Hennon, Jackson Means, and Paul Marek from Virginia Tech have discovered a new species of millipede that has been named in her honor. The species discovered in the US Appalachian Mountains is called Nannoria Swiftae, or the Swift twisted-claw millipede. The scientists write about their new discovery in a research paper published in the journal zooKeys. I’m VOA’s Rick Pantaleo.

Explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton had hoped to be the first to cross Antarctica on land. Shackleton led his team aboard a ship called Endurance that would sail to Antarctica via the Weddell sea. After leaving South Georgia Island in December 1914, Shackleton’s Endurance quickly ran into heavy pack ice. The ice would eventually trap, crush, and sink the ship, nearly a year after beginning its trip. It was reported that all members of Shackleton’s Endurance crew survived. 106 years after the sinking of the Endurance, The Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust has announced that its Endurance22 expedition has located the ship. According to a press release, Endurance was found within four miles south of the position that had been recorded by the ship’s captain Frank Worsley in 1915. I’m VOA’s Rick Pantaleo.

 

Teksti

HW ex. 2 & 3 & 4
aikaa ilmaisevat sivulauseet:
niihin ei tule futuuria vaan preesens
I'll love you until I die.
I'll love as long as I live.
1. after
2. as long as
3. as soon as
4. before
5. by-lauseet
6. once
7. when
8.while
 I'll be gone by the time you wake up.

Teksti

floss your teeth
brush your teeth
a millipede
uncharted = unmapped
a heavy pack of ice

Ehtolauseet:
1.Jos Donald Trump valloittaa Grönlannin, olen shokissa.
If Dnald Trump occupies Greenland, I will be shocked.
2. Jos D. T.  valloittaisi Grönlannin, olisin shokissa.
If D. T. occupied Greenland, I would be shocked.
3. Jos D. T. olisi valloittanut Grönlannin, olisin ollu shokissa.
If D. T. had occupied Greenland,  I would have been shocked.

If a serious crisis were to arise, the government should act swiftly.
= Were a serious crisis to arise, the government should act swiftly.

They will have been married for sixty years by the first of June. = II futuuri, jota suomessa ei ole; käännetään perfektillä

January 14th, 2025

HW B in the glossary Health and Well-being

morbid obesity
respiration
pest
plague
the Renaissance
the Baroque
the Stone Age

kirjan vastauksissa virhe; tässä oikea vastaus

7. If you had been able to  decide, where would you have gone?

Teksti

Verbit
EHTOLAUSE
4
1. What will happen if you are late?
2. Who could you talk to if you saw something strange/weird/odd?
3. What should have been done to prevent/stop this? / What should we have done to prevent/stop this?
4. Who would have believed you if you had said something?
5. If you had known this / Had you known this when (you were) younger, would you have helped me?

January 16th, 2025

HW B, C & D in RC2 The Luddites

PASSIIVI:BE + teeman 3. muoto
1. yleispreesens
Tomatoes are grown here.
2. kestopreesens
Tomatoes are being grown here.
3. yleisimperfekti
Tomatoes were grown here.
4. kestoimperf.
Tomatoes were being grown here.
5. yleisperf.
Tomatoes have been grown here.
6. yleispluskvam.
Tomatoes had been grown here.
7. I fut.
Tomatoes will be grown here.

awake, awoke, awoken
arise, arose, arisen

The Middle Ages were not a dark era.

beat, beat, beaten

a lee
a cavalry = ratsuväki

incinerate = destroy by burning
weave, wove, woven (vrt vävä på svenska)

the north of England
northern England

deteriorate (v.) = huonontua; heikentyä

averse (adj.) = vastenmielinen
aversion (n.)

besiege = motittaa; piirittää

lie, lay, lain (= intransitiiviverbi; ei saa ikinä objektia)
A dog is lying on the floor.
Hanko lies to the east of Helsinki.

lay, laid, laid = transitiiviverbi (= saa objektin)
lay the table
A chicken lay eggs.

the wounded = haavoittuneet
the dying = kuolevat

Teksti

B

Translate the following sentences.

 
 Hide

1. Sen jälkeen, kun aloitin gluteenittoman ruokavalion, vatsakipuni katosivat.

Since I started a gluten-free diet / After I went gluten-free my stomach pain disappeared.

2. Fyysinen hyvinvointi on yhtä tärkeää kuin henkinen ja hengellinen.

Physical well-being is equally important to / as important as mental and spiritual well-being.

3. Loukkasin itseni pahasti ja nyt joudun käyttämään tätä kipsiä useita kuukausia.

I hurt myself badly and now I have to wear this cast for several months.

4. Koko sukuni kärsii korkeasta verenpaineesta ja kohonneesta sykkeestä.

My whole family suffers from high blood pressure and elevated heart rate.

5. Oletpa sitten kasvissyöjä tai vegaani, sinun pitää miettiä, kuinka saat tarpeeksi proteiinia ja hiilihydraatteja.

Whether you are a vegetarian or a vegan, you need to think about how you can get enough protein and carbs/carbohydrates.

6. Matthew’n ystävä on onnistunut saavuttamaan ja ylläpitämään ihannepainonsa. Mikäköhän hänen painoindeksinsä on?

Matthew’s friend has been able to achieve and maintain his/her ideal body weight. I wonder what his/her Body Mass Index / BMI / body mass index is?

7. Tunnen itseni väsyneeksi mutta onnelliseksi.

I feel tired but happy.

January 21st, 2025

HW 6 & 7 & 8 in the passive voice: RC 4 Mitochondrial Eva and the true melting pot

a mitochondrion / many mitochrondia
a phenomenon / many phenomena
a criterion / many criteria

courtesy = politeness
intimidate (v.) = pelotella
intimidating  (adj.) = pelottava

(to) be wounded = haavoittua

verbejä joihin ei tule prepositiota:
attack s-b
join s-b
visit a place
influence s-b
affect s-g
impress s-b
mount e.g a bike
enter a room

Do cyclists really think they are above the law?

Peter Walker - Cyclists, they can be a bit irritating can’t they. I mean it’s not just the funny clothes, or the bike lanes, it’s the way they seem to think they’re above the law. Riding on pavements, scattering pedestrians in their wake. And don’t even get me started on jumping red lights, I mean it’s really dangerous. Isn’t it? Well, lots of people certainly think that way. And the media definitely believe it.
Channel 4 news - Cyclists routinely flout traffic laws. Mounting the pavement, and no helmet, talking on a mobile phone.
Good Morning Britain ITV - So you’ve got cyclists who are uninsured. They could crash into your car; they could crash into you.
Good Morning Britain ITV -  I’ve noticed cyclists have got more and more aggressive over the years, right? They’re completely unaccountable.
Peter Walker - Do cyclists really think they’re above the law? And does it even matter? So let’s start with the basics. When we talk about cyclists, what do we mean? Do we mean this? Or this? Or even this? I mean sure, some people do look like the stereotype, but there’s really no such thing as a cyclist. There’s just people who ride a bike.  
Rachel Aldred - Being seen as a cyclist is part of the problematic stereotype of people cycling. You’re not seen as a “bus-ist" or a “train-ist”, but there’s this stereotype, this stigma of being a “cycl-ist” even though of course most people who cycle are also using other modes of transport.
Peter Walker - So cyclists are really no different to any one else. Now, while statistics are limited, there’s no evidence people break the law more often when they’re on their bike than they do at any other time. There are some studies on cyclists’ law breaking. One survey of five major London junctions found cyclists jumped or at least partly anticipated the red. But there is more to it, a lot of the cyclists said they’d done so in part for safety.
Dame Sarah Storey - The people that do jump red lights sometimes it’s because of the fear they have of something that’s perhaps happened to them previously. They might have had a close call with a vehicle they’re trying to get away from. They might well be on a pavement for that reason as well. But most of the time it’s safety, and it’s a self-preservation thing
Peter Walker - So yes, some cyclists do break the law. But even when they do, is it especially dangerous?
PC Mark Hodson - The effects of that behaviour that people are moaning about is negligible. If you look at the statistics, if you look at the actual threat of harm, you think cyclists aren’t posing a risk to anybody.
Peter Walker - In the UK, about 1700 people a year are killed on the roads. And how many of those are hit by bikes? Usually between zero and two.
PC Mark Hodson - They’re not self-harmers as a group, cyclists. Because of the inherent sense of vulnerability you have on a pushbike. They take a great deal of care even when they are offending. Which is a complete opposite to what you get with people in cars because people feel so secure in cars with seatbelts, airbags, big steel cage around them. They tend to offend with almost gay abandon.
Peter Walker - Some police forces have actually taken the strategic decision to pay less attention to cyclists’ law breaking, and instead focus resources on the sort of offences more likely to kill or maim people.
PC Mark Hodson - I’ve been a traffic officer for 13 years in the West Midlands. I think I’ve given out 3 tickets for red light jumping for cyclists. And one of those wouldn’t have got one, for the fact that he made off. He was caught eventually.
Peter Walker - So does this all mean that breaking the law on a bike is fine? I’d say “no”. It can not only be annoying, it can also be intimidating, but they’re extremely unlikely to be a serious danger to others. Given it is so relatively harmless, why does everyone go on and on about dangerous cycling? It could just be because people on bikes breaking the law are just that bit more obvious. But you won’t necessarily notice a driver doing 30 in a 20 zone, or looking at their phone at the wheel. Yep, you knew this bit was coming. What about drivers who, let’s remember, can also be cyclists. When they’re in cars can they also break the law? And if they do, can it be dangerous?
PC Mark Hodson - Today five people will die on our roads, and 63 will suffer life-changing injuries, and it is in the majority of cases drivers that are causing these collisions and the offending that causes these collisions. You have your typical distraction offence: mobile phone, which probably is responsible for a vast amount of all collisions now. The other things that we look at: excess speed. The speed limit is not just a limit. They see it as a target to get to. The other behaviour is of course drink and drug driving, and unfortunately drink and drug driving is on the rise. When you crash your car at 30mph it’s got the same energy, the same destructive power as a small explosive device. And so we’ve got to make efforts as a society to reinstil into people when you’re driving that car you’ve really got to take care.

January 23rd, 2025

HW 16 & 17 in the infinitive, -ing-form & THAT-clause: RC 4 Mitochondrial Eva and the true melting pot B & C
-ing
enjoy
avoid


fertile (adj.)
fertilizer (n.)
fertilization (n.)
i. e. = id est
a nucleus / many nuclei
This house needs painting.
This house needs to be painted.
an embryo
a foetus
homo sapiens
become extinct = die out
an arid mesa
inhabit (v.)
vicinity (n.)
dwell (v.)
dwelling (n.)

LC Dealing with climate change
fossil fuels
incompatible
deforestration
desertification
prominent
reckless

Teksti

PASSIIVI
8
1. Rules are not always obeyed/followed.
2. We felt we were being watched/observed.
3. It must have been sold abroad.
4. They are said to be ready for everything. / It is said (that) they are ready for everything.
5. I tried to avoid being seen in their company.

January 28th, 2025

the infinitive, -ing-form & THAT-clause; RC 4 B & C

land (maa meren vastakohtana)

carbon sink = carbon storage = hiilinielu
vihreäsiirtymä = green transition

a radiator = patteri

herbicide
insecticide
genocide
Hitler committed suicide.
spermicide
homicide
pesticide

We ought to help the poor and the less fortunate. (= Meidän pitäisi auttaa...)
I ought to have been helped. = Minua olisi pitänyt auttaa.

There is nothing to do. (= Ei ole mitään tekemistä.)
There is nothing to be done. (= Ei ole mitään tehtävissä.)

-ing:
tietyt verbit vaativat -ING-muotoa:
enjoy: I enjoy reading.

lopettamista tai siihen rinnastettava toiminta:

avoid: Avoid disturbing him.
give up: He gave up smoking.
escape: He escaped being caught.
stop: He stopped greeting us.
prevent (from): He prevented me (from) loving her.
quit: He quit / quitted going to school.

NB! He stopped to greet us. = Hän PYSÄHTYI tervehtimään meitä.

put off / postpone: we put foo / postponed meeting each other.

2) preposition jälkeen
He is interested in swimming.
He is keen on swimming.
He is into swimming.
He left the room without saying a word.

3) lauseenvastikkeet
After I had read the paper, I took a shower.
= Having read the paper, I took a shower.
After reading the paper, I  took a shower.

4) subjekti
Reading is important.

5) predikatiivi
Seeing is believing.

THAT-lause:
I know (that) you are right.
I am known to be / to have been right. (passiivin jälkeen TO-infinitiivi)

INFINITIIVI:
I want to go now.
BUT:
He always makes me smile. (make AKTIIVISSA)
They let me go. (let AKTIIVISSA)
I'll have a doctor examine my eyes. (toisella teettäminen)

INFINITIIVEJÄ ON AINAKIN KAHDEKSAN KAPPALETTA):
to love / love
to have loved / have loved
to be loved / be loved
to have been loved / have been loved

January 30th, 2025

HW ex. 20 & Glossary: Society & Politics ex. B & C

Donald J. Trump was sworn in as 47th President of the United States of America on the 20th of January in 2025.

had better: I had better go now.
I had better NOT GO there.
I had not better go there. = I hadn't better go there.

"Why bother?"
My Dad did nothing but sleep.
The movie Never Alone is worth seeing / watching.
This book was worth reading.
This book was worth (while) reading.
I am not worthy of you.
It is no use crying over the spilt milk.
There is no point in crying over / for him.

the Middle East
the Far East
the Equator
the Arctic Circle
the North Pole 
the South Pole
The dog was wagging its tail.
remember:
Remembe r to buy  milk when you go grocery shopping.
I remember buying milk.
regret:
"We regret to inform you..."
I regret saying things like that.

AT:
good at / bad at / talented at / gifted at / excellent at
He is excellent at swimming.

February 4th, 2025

HW: 52, 28 & 32; Worms land a great job B, C & D

vermicide
pesticide
insecticide
herbicide
spermicide
genocide
homicide
suicide: commit suicide

pride oneself on s-g: He prided himself on his success.
make oneself at home: Make yourself at home.
behave oneself: Behave yourself! Behave yourselves!
 
amiss = väärin
afraid: Are you afraid of dying?
asleep: He was asleep.
awake: He was awake.
ajar: The door was ajar. = raollaan
aghast: kauhistunut
ashamed: I was ashamed of my behaviour.
ablaze: ilmiliekeissä

deplete = hävittää
depletion: the ozone depletion
 
die: He is dying of cancer.
dye: They are dyeing textiles.

(to) be used to doing s-g = (to) be accustomed to doing s-g
I am used / accustomed to getting up at 7 am.

(to) get used to doing s-g = tottua jhnkn
He got used to getting up at 6 am.

NB! He used to get up at 5 am.
TO = prepositio
I am looking forward to meeting you soon again.

state subsidies
subsidize (v.)

environment
government

an old age pensioner = an OAP

a rodent = jyrsijä
a mammal = nisäkäs

endangered = uhanalainen
a marsupial = pussieläin
feral = luonnonvarainen
eradicate = juurruttaa täysin pois; hävittää

lay, laid, laid traps = asettaa ansoja / lay eggs / lay the table
lie, lay, lain = olla, sijaita / The dog is lying on the floor.
Oulu lies to the north of Helsinki.

Teksti

Authorities in Western Australia are searching for a quokka that apparently escaped Rottnest Island in a rubbish bin and reemerged on the mainland, startling a recycling centre worker who thought it was a “large rat”.
Native to Western Australia and famous for smiling happily in selfies, quokkas were largely eradicated on the mainland and survived thanks to a large, isolated population on Rottnest Island, a prison camp turned popular holiday destination off the coast of Perth. They roam free around the island, which is devoid of both cars and large predators, and authorities fear the escaped quokka will not survive an encounter with these new threats. // 1
Reports of the escapee emerged on 10 January, when a Western Australia man working at the recycling centre in Cannington, in Perth’s southern suburbs, realised the blurry photos of a “large rat” presented by his South African colleague were in fact a quokka.
It is a common mistake: Rottnest got its name from Dutch explorer Willem de Vlamingh who named it Rotte nest, or rat’s nest, in 1696. Penni Fletcher-Hughes, from Rottnest Island Authority, said it appeared the quokka had climbed into a garbage bin in search of food and was accidentally transferred on to the garbage barge, which took it to Cannington.
“Being as it has got itself in a very good place for food, the chances are it will be fine,” Fletcher-Hughes said. “It just depends where it goes from there.” Quokka escape was “very unusual,” Fletcher-Hughes said, but finding quokkas in bins is not. // 2, 3
“I have seen them climb the walls; they are quite resourceful when it comes to searching for food,” she said. “We are not concerned in terms of him finding food … it’s other threats and just general stress. It’s a bit stressful to suddenly wake up in a recycling centre.”
The Department of Parks and Wildlife, which is leading efforts to find the rogue marsupial, set up a public hotline to report sightings. “Basically, this quokka is now at large,” wildlife officer Matt Swan said.
The recycling centre is fenced in and surrounded by bushland. It is not clear whether it remains in the centre and is hiding in one of the many piles of rubbish or whether it has slipped through a hole in the fence.
Swan said they could not lay traps, because traps were more likely to catch feral cats or foxes than a quokka. The best hope is someone spotting it. “It’s a needle-in-a-haystack type situation,” he said. // 4, 5
If it is found it will not be returned to Rottnest Island because the risk of infecting the quokka population there with a foreign pathogen is too great. Instead it will be rehomed at either Perth Zoo or a wildlife park.
There have been other reports of animals being accidentally taken off Rottnest Island, usually King skinks, which climb into people’s bags.
Rottnest Island is the largest population of the vulnerable species, with between 8,000 and 12,000 individuals. The second largest population is on Bald Island Nature Reserve, with 1,000 quokkas.
There are estimated to be fewer than 1,000 wild quokkas on the mainland, and most of those localised populations are under threat of extinction. // 6
 
 

Glossary: Society & Politics: Translation B

B

Translate the following sentences into English.

 
 

1. Sosiaalinen oikeudenmukaisuus on tärkeä osa suomalaista yhteiskuntaa.

Social justice is an important / a vital part of Finnish society.

2. Oppositio on taas kritisoinut eläkeläisten verotusta.

The opposition has criticized the taxation of pensioners / OAPs again.

3. Puolueen puheenjohtaja ilmoitti erostaan puoluekokouksessa.

The chair(person) of the party announced his/her resignation at the caucus/party congress.

4. Mitä mieltä olet tämän hallituksen ulkopolitiikasta?

What do you think about/of…  / How do you feel about the foreign policy of this government?

(Huom: muista n-kirjain sanan government keskellä.)

5. Jotkut poliitikot haluavat kansanäänestyksen Euroopan unionista eroamisesta.

Some politicians want (to have) a referendum on leaving the European Union.

HOMEWORK 20

INFINITIIVI, ING-MUOTO JA THAT-LAUSE
20
1. I want you to listen carefully.
2. What makes you think (that) I know the answer?
3. Is it worth trying?
4. Have you got used to taking exercise every day?
5. I think (that) I’m right.
6. I am known to have made mistakes.

Teksti

HW: 52 & 32; Glossary: War / Conflict ex. A, B & C

"I'll make the Gaza Strip the Riviera of the Middle East."
Today, February 6th, is the National Day of the Sami people.

an indigenous people / many indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansoja 

the species / many species

a class / many classes

a basis / many bases
an analysis / many analyses
an oasis / many oases
a crisis / many crises

a butterfly / many butterflies
a fox / many foxes

a wolf / many wolves
a knife / many knives
a wife / many wives

a mouse / many mice
a louse / many lice

a reindeer / many reindeer
a sheep / many sheep

a salmon / many salmon
a trout / many trout

a goose / many geese
a tooth / many teeth
a foot / two feet

a criterion / many criteria
a phenomenon / many phenomena
a mitochondrion / many mitochondria

conscience (n.) = omatunto
conscientious (adj.) = omantunnon tarkka

a mercenary = palkkasotilas

William the Conqueror in 1066

atrocities = kauheudet
allies = liittolaiset
POW
a flower / flour (äännetään samalla tavalla)
a dessert
a desert
The Sahara Desert

desert (v.)

She has an eight-year-old daughter.

in the early 1990s
in the mid-1990s
in the late 1990s

The Industrial Revolution started in the 19th century = in the 1800s.

a witch

Teksti

YKSIKKÖ JA MONIKKO
28
1. In biology classes/lessons, (the) students were asked to group animal species on different bases.
2. The list had / included butterflies, wolves, mice, reindeer, salmon, foxes, geese, and sheep.
3. People used different criteria when they described the phenomena.
4. After an hour of research, the analyses were presented as a series of presentations.

February 11th, 2025

EMPTY
m stands for manner and means
p stands for place
t stands for time
SPOTPA = subjekti - predikaatti - objekti - tapa - paikka - aika

None of us knows him. None of us know him.

Some (people) are afraid of death, others of darkness. Toiset pelkää kuolemaa, toiset pimeyttä

hardly / barely / scarcely = tuskin; rajoittava määre; rinnasteteaan kieltosanoihin

luggage / baggage 1) ei -s-monikkoa 2. ei a- / an-artikkelia ennen sitä

I had only a piece of luggage.

advice = neuvoja
That was good advice.  = Nuo olivat hyviä neuvoja.
It was a word of sound advice.
furniture
evidence
information
money
equipment
news: Is there any news? = Onko mitään uutisia?
It was an item of bad news.

"How does the human brain work?" = suora kysysmys; käänteinen sanajärjestys = ensin yksi osa predikkaatia ja vasta sitten subjekti
I don't know how the human brain works. = epäsuora kysymys; ensin subketi ja vasta sitten predikaatti

What do we eat? = suora kysymys
We are what we eat. = epäsuora kysymys

Teksti

YKSIKKÖ VAI MONIKKO
32
1. There has been a lot of news / There have been many pieces / items of news / news items online about
how people react to threats.
2. Researchers are trying to figure out how the human brain works / human brains work.
3. Experts are gathering further evidence / proof about the fact that information has been misused.
4. With these studies / this research, the government hopes / hope to improve the situation.

Teksti

INDEFINIITTIPRONOMINIT
52
1. Nothing scares me more than being alone at home / home alone at night.
2. Everyone / Everybody is scared / frightened / afraid of something.
3. Not everyone believes in ghosts.
4. None of us can know how others really feel.
5. Anything can seem scary / frightening / terrifying for someone / somebody.
6. Some (people) are scared/afraid of mice and others of cockroaches.

Teksti

A

Match the correct term with the suitable definition.

curfew • friendly fire • captivity • ambush • riot • camouflage • annihilation • retreat • civil war • ceasefire

 
a. Getting surprised by enemies who have been hiding and waiting for you ambush
b. A way to match your surroundings to make you invisible camouflage
c. A case of people of one country fighting against each other civil war
d. Causing casualties accidentally within your own troops friendly fire
e. A synonym for withdraw retreat
f. Being imprisoned captivity
g. A period of time during war when nobody is allowed to shoot ceasefire
h. People running in the streets, burning cars, breaking windows, usually in opposition to something riot
i. People aren’t allowed to go outside during certain hours curfew
j. A synonym for total destruction annihilation
 
 
 
 
 

Teksti

B

Translate.

 
 Hide

1. Kansainväliset sopimukset kieltävät sotavankien kiduttamisen.

International treaties ban torturing / the torture of prisoners of war.

2. USA:n hallitus kosti itsemurhapommi-iskun ilmaiskulla.

The US government retaliated to the suicide bombing with an airstrike.

3. Armeija lähettää joukkoja meren toiselle puolelle.

The army is deploying troops overseas.

4. Ihmiskunta ei ole käyttänyt ydinaseita sodankäynnissä vuoden 1945 jälkeen.

Humankind has not used nuclear weapons in warfare since 1945.

5. Presidentti John F. Kennedy salamurhattiin vuonna 1963 Dallasissa, Texasissa.

President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas in 1963.

6. Suomella on Euroopan suurin tykistö.

Finland has the biggest artillery forces in Europe.

7. Jotkut ihmiset uskovat, että 9/11-iskuihin liittyy salaliitto.

Some people believe there is a conspiracy behind the 9/11 attacks.

8. Liittolaisemme ovat murtautuneet vihollislinjojen läpi.

Our allies have breached (through) the enemy lines.

Teksti

C

Choose the correct definition for each term.

 
siege a military blockade of a city or fortress
breach making a gap in e.g. a wall
ally a state or sovereign in cooperation with another
curfew an order keeping people away from the streets at a stated hour
atrocity a terribly bad act or situation
 
 
 Hide

a disguise to make the person or object less detectable (camouflage)
a temporary withholding of fighting by agreement of opposing forces (truce)
 
 
 

LC 14 Universities and investments

One hundred universities in the UK have pledged to divest from fossil fuels. This equates to 65% of the country’s higher education sector refusing to make at least some investments in fossil fuel companies, and endowments worth more than £17.6bn now out of reach for the corporations. This huge sum is mostly owing to the significant investment portfolios of the University of Edinburgh, as well as the universities of Oxford and Cambridge and their constituent colleges, all of which have at least partially divested. // 1
Coventry University has become the 100th, and on Thursday announces its divestment of a £43.6m investment portfolio from all fossil fuel companies after a nine-month student campaign. Riz Dhanani, the treasury manager at the university said: “Coventry University has been actively developing its ethical investment framework over the last few years with regular consultation and input from staff and students.”
“We are now proud to take our sustainability agenda one step further in the investment arena by committing to exclude fossil fuel extractor companies from our investments, something that we were already engaged in with our ethical fund managers but have now formally incorporated into our treasury and investment policy. We will continue to invest in sustainable funds that strive to deliver better outcomes for society through their investments and I hope that making our pledge will encourage other institutions to follow suit.” // 2, 3
The Fossil Free campaign, active since 2013, has been led by students, who say it should not be acceptable for education and research institutions to invest in companies responsible for global heating. Students have undertaken a range of campaign methods, from petitions gathering thousands of signatories, lobbying university management, political education and non-violent direct action, including occupying university buildings. The first institution to announce it was divesting was the University of Glasgow, in 2014. Now most UK universities have publicly said they will not fund fossil fuels. The campaign will pressure the remaining 53 universities to divest.
Laura Clayson, a campaign manager at People and Planet, said: “It is always incredible to witness a university reject the fossil fuel industry, but especially so when it follows the work of phenomenal student organisers and brings us to such a milestone announcement. This is a win for all of those who have organised against the fossil fuel industry’s business model of deception, dispossession and destruction.” // 4, 5