Ground traffic includes highway traffic and railway traffic.

Highway traffic consists of cars, motorbikes, buses, trucks, vans, and other similar ground vehicles.

Highway traffic has increased everywhere in the world. Its advantages include the variety of route options it offers, its ease of use, its speed and its low cost, especially when traveling relatively short distances.

Some of the challenges of highway traffic are difficult weather conditions, traffic jams, the high construction and maintenance costs of roads and highways, as well as its high accident risk.
Highway traffic requires the construction of complex road networks near large cities.

Railway traffic includes pasenger and freight trains, trams, and subways.

The advantages of railway traffic include its efficiency, its ability to transport large amounts of heavy goods and raw materials, and its ability to transport thousands of people at once in a safe and quick manner.

The challenges of railway traffic include the high building costs of rail networks, as well as its susceptibility to delays during adverse weather conditions.

Rail traffic is especially busy in large cities, which often have comprehensive tram or subway networks.

Passenger trains can sometimes be even faster than airplanes. The fastest trains can travel at a speed of over 300 kilometers per hour.