Nuclear power produces energy by splitting the cores of  uranium atoms in a process known as fission. This process releases heat that is used to warm up a tank of water. As the water in the tank warms up, it releases water vapor, which rotates a turbine that converts the movement into electricity. Although the process itself is relatively simple, the radioactivity of the fuel used and the harmful isotopes produced during the process create technical challenges for nuclear power plants.

Nuclear power plant in Loviisa, Finland.

Nuclear power has many advantages. The production of nuclear energy is both efficient and stable, which means that it not reliable on external processes such as weather. As a result, the price of nuclear energy is always the same. Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear energy does not release combustion gases like carbon dioxide. This is one reason why nuclear power is often championed as the answer to stopping climate change. 

However, nuclear power also has its disadvantages. First, uranium is a relatively rare element in bedrock. Second, uranium is also a radioactive element. This means that uranium atoms have a tendency to break off by themselves, which can release harmful radiation into the environment. Nuclear power also has a risk of nuclear accidents, which can be devastating for the areas near nuclear power plants.


Radiation remains strong near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant well after the accident that occured there in 1986.