Rock materials are mined from the ground. They are often usable as they are, but some rock materials can also be refined.

Sand, gravel and rubble are needed in great quantities. They are used to make foundations for railways and buildings. Many types of rock, such as granite and marble, are used in buildings.

When smoothed and cut in the right way, rock materials can be used to create impressive fireplaces, practical objects and tiling.

Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. It is primarily made of cement, which is usually made by burning limestone. When mixed with sand, gravel and other materials, cement becomes fluid concrete that hardens over time. 

Different gems, precious stones, and diamonds are also economically important extraction-industry products. Diamonds are by far the most valuable of the three, as they are the hardest material on Earth. Diamonds are also popular in jewellery. Although individual diamonds are small and rare, over 20 tons are mined every year around the world.