The -ING-muoto:

1. subjektina
Smoking is not good for health.

2. predikatiivina
Seeing is believing. ( = To see is to believe.)

3. objektina tietyt verbit vaativat -ing-muotoa
What do you enjoy doing?
I enjoy reading.
She enjoys swimming.
1. enjoy
2. miss
I miss seeing you.
3. mind
Do you mind opening the door? = Viitsisitkö aukaista oven?
4. risk
He risks being caught. = Hän otti riskin, että jäisi kiinni.
5. can't help
Elvis Presley: "I can't help falling in love with you."
(= I can't help but fall in love with you.)
I couldn't help loving him. = En voinut olla rakastamatta Sinua.
6. can't stand = ei voi sietää
I can't stand lying and especially I can't stand being lied to. = En voi sietää valehtelua ja erityisesti en voi sietää sitä, että minulle valehdellaan.
7. lopettamista tai siihen rinnastettava toiminta:
stop: He stopped greeting us.
finish: What time did you finish working?
quit:  He quit / quitted going to school.
leave off: Why don't you leave off swearing? = stop swearing
end up: He ended up being in prison for the rest of his life. = Hän päätyi olemaan vankilassa koko loppuelämänsä.
escape: He escaped being caught. = Hän pakeni eikä jäänyt kiinni.
escape: He escaped being caught. = Hän pakeni joutumatta kiinni. Hän ei joutunut kiinni.
avoid: Avoid disturbing him.
prevent (from):  Nothing can prevent me (from) loving you.
postpone: We had to postpone meeting each other.
= put off (= siirtää tuonnemmaksi): We had to put off meeting each other.
escape: He escaped being caught. = Hän pakeni joutumatta kiinni. Hän ei joutunut kiinni.
8. vastakohta lopettamiselle: jatkaminen
go on: He went on running.
keep (on): Keep (on) doing the good work
9. feel like = fancy = haluttaa
Do you fancy going out with me? = Do you feel like going out with me?

4. preposition jälkeen verbi on ing-muodossa
You are interested in studying English.
You are keen on playing football.
He left the room without saying a  word.
By doing you learn.
Mary focused on / concentrated on studying Arabic.

5. NB! poikkeusadjektiivi: busy
What are you busy doing?
I am busy studying.

6. IDIOMIT
a) What is worth doing is worth doing well. (worth on poikkeussubstantiivi)
Forrest Gump was worth seeing.
(This film is worthy of seeing.)
Animal Farm is a book worth (while) reading.
b) It is no use / no good = there is no point in = ei kannata
It is no use crying over the spilt milk. = Maahan läikkynyttä maitoa ei kannata itkeskellä.
There is no point in trying to call her. She won't answer the phone anyway.
c) There is nothing like...
There is nothing like sleeping late in the mornings. = Mikään ei vedä vertoja sille, että nukkuu pitkään aamuisin.

8. shortened clauses = lauseenvastikkeet
Not being able to be a professional football player, Ronaldo took up coaching.
= As / Since / Because he wasn't able to be a professional football player, Ronaldo took up coaching.
Having said that, he left the room. = After saying that, he left the room.
= After he had said that, he left the room.
While working, Anssi tried to answer some private emails.
= While he was working, Anssi tried to answer some private emails.

Vergil: Aeneid I - VIII
Aeneas
Carthago
Dido
cf. Dido stopped to greet Aeneas in the Underworld. = pysähtyi tervehtimään...
Dido stopped greeting Aeneas. = lopetti tervehtimisen