ENA4 / Haaksluoto / 2026 - 2027 / 2. periodi

Teksti

ENA4 EXAM on Thursday, November 19th, 2026, at 17.00 – 21.00 hours
Koe on sähköinen koe, joten tuo oma kannettavasi täyteenladattuna, tarvittavat virtajohdot ja LANGALLISET KUULOKKEET.

KOEALUE: SANASTO

  1. 2 Where do I fit in? p. 10 -17
  2. 4 Young activists changing the world p. 32 – 43
  3. 6 Nothing comes for free p. 50 – 61
  4. 7 Surviving a night in A & E p. 62 – 71
  5. Glossary: Politics p. 48 – 49
  6. Glossary: Society and health care p. 72 – 73
  7. Glossary: Crime p. 84 – 91

GRAMMAR:

  1. Vaillinaiset apuverbit p. 142 – 159
  2. Indefiniittipronominit p. 160 – 179
  3. Relatiivipronominit ja -lauseet p. 180 – 193

LUETUNYMMÄRTÄMINEN
KUULLUNYMMÄRRTÄMINEN
KIRJOITELMA (700 – 1 300 merkkiä)

 

course outline / kurssiohjelma

Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukio 2026 – 2027 / Period II

ENA4 / ENGLISH / ADVANCED / NEW INSIGHTS / MODULE 4

Book: Elina Karapalo – Paula Keltto – Mark Kilmer – Päivi Kuusivaara – Teijo Päkkilä – Annukka Suonio: New Insights Module 4 (Otava)

Room and Time: on Mondays and Wednesdays at 17.00 - 18.20 hours in class room 31 (and simultaneously online on GoogleMeet at the address: meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj)

Teacher: Erja H. Haaksluoto, erja.haaksluoto@tyk.fi

Available for consultation: on Mondays at 20.05 – 20.45 hours = so-called KIELIKLINIKKA (except NOT during the exam weeks)

The grade on module 4 consists of the following parts:

1) written digital test, which includes the listening test, on Monday, November 19th, 2026, at 17.00 - 21.00 hours in Class Room 31

2) home assignment (+)

3) activity during the lessons (+)

The digital test on Monday, November 19th, 2026, in Room 31, consists of the following parts: 1) GRAMMAR: 1) Modal Auxiliaries, 2) Indefinite Pronouns, 3) Relative Pronouns and Clauses 2) WORDS & VOCABULARY (sanastoa tunneilla käsitellyistä kappaleista) 3) RC (= Reading Comprehension Test = luetun ymmärtäminen) 4) YOUR OWN WRITING (= oma tuotos) of about 700 – 1,300 characters 5) LISTENING COMPREHENSION TEST

YOU WILL GET YOUR DIGITAL EXAMS BACK ON YOUR E-MAIL.

Uusintakoe on perjantaina 11.12.2026 klo 17.00 - 20.05. Siihen on ehdottomasti ilmoittauduttava etukäteen täyttämällä vaaleansininen lomake, jonka saa kansliasta, 2. krs. Lomake palautetaan kansliaan VIIMEISTÄÄN VIIKKOA JA PÄIVÄÄ ENNEN UUSINTAKOETTA eli viimeistään torstaina 3.12.2026 (koska perjantaina 4.12.2026 on syksyn lakkiaiset). Uusintakoelomakkeesta on myös olemassa sähköinen versio. Nettisivuilla on pdf, jonka voi suoraan täyttää ja lähettää liitetiedostona kansliaan. Lomake löytyy täältä: https://www.tyk.fi/aikuislukio/tietoa/lomakkeet/

HOME ASSIGNMENT (= opettajalle palautettava kotitehtävä): On pages 139 - 140 you find ten (10) topics for written assignments. Choose one and write your essay on it. Please, do make the difference between small and capital letters. THE ULTIMATE DEAD-LINE is Wednesday, November 11th, 2026!

 

STUDY PLAN:

  1. October 7, 2026: Introduction to the course // Text 2 Where do I fit in? p. 10 – 12 // ex. 2c p. 13 / GRAMMAR: MODAL AUXILIARIES (CAN, COULD) p. 145 – 146
  2. AUTUMN BREAK on October 12th - 18th, 2026. NO SCHOOL.
  3. October 19, 2026: ex. 2e p. 14 // ex. 1 p. 146 & ex. 3 p. 147 // GRAMMAR: MODAL AUXILIARIES (MAY, MIGHT) p. 148 - 149
  4. October 21, 2026: ex. 6 p. 151 / GRAMMAR: MODAL AUXILIARIES (MUST) p. 152 – 153 // ex. 3g p. 27
  5. October 26, 2026: ex. 7 p. 153 & ex. 9 p. 155 // ex. 2b p. 20
  6. October 28, 2026: ex. 13 p. 158 & ex. 14 p. 159 // INDEFINITE PRONOUNS p. 160 - 164 (EVERY-, SOME-, ANY- & NO-)
  7. November 2, 2026: ex. 17 p. 166 & ex. 20 p. 168 – 169 // Text 4 Young activists changing the world p. 30 – 32
  8. November 4, 2026: ex. 4Ab. & 4Ac. & 4Ad. p. 35 // GRAMMAR: OTHER INDEFINITE PRONOUNS p. 161 – 164 (ANOTHER, OTHER, OTHERS, THE OTHER; ALL; WHOLE; BOTH, EACH; EITHER, NEITHER)
  9. November 9, 2026: p. 180 – 187 // ex. 29 p. 188 // Text 4B Mari and Harry p. 36
  10. November 11, 2026: ex. 34 p. 192 & ex. 35 p. 193 // ex. 4Bb. & 4Bc. & 4Bd. p. 39 // Text 6 Nothing comes for free p. 51 - 52

THE ULTIMATE DEAD-LINE for the home assignment is on Wednesday, November 11th, 2026!

  1. November 16, 2026: ex. 6a p. 54 & 6b & 6c p. 55 // Text 7 Surviving night in A& E p. 62 - 64
  2. November 18, 2026: ex. 7b p. 66 & ex. 7d p. 68 & ex. 7e p. 69 & ex. 7g p. 70 &; ex. 7h p. 70

October 7th, 2026

HW ex. 3 p. 147

1. CAN / COULD
can = osaa, kykenee, saa, voi
He can read Arabic.
He can speak Arabic.
Can he ski?
He can't / cannot come to my party.
COULD = 1. imperfekti
Axel could read at the age of four.
2. voisi: Could you, please, close the door?
II konditionaali: Marc could have come if he had wanted to. = Marc olisi voinut tulla, jos hän olisi halunnut.

KORVAAVA MUOTO: be able to
1. preesens
I am able to sing.  I can sing.
2. imperfekti
I was able to sing at her funeral.  I could sing at the age of four.   
3. perfekti
I have always been able to sing.
4. pluskvamperfekti
I had been able to sing.
5. I futuuri
I will be able to sing at my uncle's funeral next Saturday. Can you sing tomorrow?
6. I konditionaali
I would be able to sing at her funeral.  I could sing if they asked me to.
7. II konditionaali
I would have been able to sing.  I could have sung if they had asked me to.

KORVAAVIA MUOTOJA:
1. be able to: When will you be able to come over?
2. know how to: I never knew how to sing in tune.
3. be unable to: Marc was unable to help us.
4. manage to: The firefighter managed to rescue the cat.
5. it's possible for s-b to do s-g: Is it possible for us to know the future?
6. it's impossible for s-b to do s-g:
It's impossible for me to say what will happen.
NB!
Matti can't be sick because I just saw him and he was (as) fit as a fiddle / as right as rain.
= Matti ei voi mitenkään olla sairas, koska näin hänet juuri ja hän oli terve kuin pukki.



Teksti

exercise 1 p. 146

Translate the sentences. 

 
 

1. Voinko pyytää sinulta palvelusta?
?

2. Voisitko auttaa minua kantamaan laukkuni?
?

3. En ole voinut nostaa mitään viikkoon, koska mursin ranteeni lomalla.
?

4. Onneksi osaan portugalia, koska lääkäri ei puhunut englantia.
?

5. Lääkäri onnistui kuitenkin korjaamaan murtuneen ranteeni.
?

6. Lääkäri sanoi, että en pystyisi surffaamaan kolmeen kuukauteen.
?

7. En voinut uskoa huonoa tuuriani!
?

8. Pystyn menemään lenkille ensi viikolla.
?

9. Ehkä me voisimme mennä lenkille yhdessä?
?

10. Osaatko muuten tehdä ruokaa? En pysty tekemään sitäkään.
?

Teksti

exercise 3 p. 147

Fill in the missing words according to the Finnish clues.

🔒 You will get the correct answers from your teacher.

 
  1. We ___________________________________________________________________________________________ to the meeting on time on time because the train was delayed. (emme päässeet tulemaan)

  2. Michael __________________________________________________________________ the bag all by himself. (kykeni kantamaan)

  3. No! That ______________________________________________________________________ true! (ei voi olla)

  4. My brother is so lucky: he ___________________________________________________________ in the best company in town. (on onnistunut saamaan)

  5. I looked everywhere for my keys but I _____________________________________________________________________ to find them anywhere. (en onnistunut löytämään)

  6. She’s seven years old, but she _______________________________________________________________________________ yet – she’s much more interested in numbers. (ei osaa lukea)
  7. If the car had broken down, I _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ it. (en olisi osannut korjata)

  8. Julian ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ golf for three years now. (ei ole voinut pelata)

  9. My grandmother ______________________________________________________________________________________________ this text! I don’t think she even knows what ACC and IMHO mean. (ei ole voinut lähettää)

  10. He _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ all his money on shoes! (ei ole voinut käyttää)

  11. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ by himself without you noticing anything? (Onko Jack onnistunut rakentamaan)

  12. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ your browser history while you were out? (Olisiko Shelly voinut poistaa)

  13. Your dog _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ all that chocolate. (ei ole voinut syödä)

    14. the vet bill if it had been more than 100 euros? (Olisitko pystynyt maksamaan)
 
 
 
 

Teksti

extra exercise 1

Järjestä lauseet kokonaisiksi virkkeiksi.

  1. speak – German – can – John (väitelause)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  2. cannot – I – you – hear (väitelause)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  3. me – can – my assignment – please – you – help – with (kysymyslause)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  4. I – a cup of coffee – can – you – make (väitelause)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  5. switch – can – the computer – you – on – (kysymyslause)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  6. here – come – can – you – at once – (kysymyslause)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  7. James – swim – could – when – was – he – already – four years old (väitelause)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  8. languages – speak – my grandma – could – nine – different (väitelause)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  9. when – home – we – arrived – open – we – the door – couldn’t get (väitelause)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
  10. was saying – could – hear – you – what – he (kysymyslause)
    ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
 
 
 

Teksti

extra exercise 2

Käännä käyttäen can/could-apuverbejä.

 
 

1. Porsaat eivät osaa lentää.
?

2. Osaan ruotsia, englantia ja ranskaa.
?

3. Olen varma, että pystyt voittamaan pelin.
?

4. Voinko auttaa sinua kantamaan laukkusi?
?

5. Enkö voi kysyä sinulta yksinkertaista kysymystä?
?

6. Kykenin kävelemään nuoralla [= walk a tightrope], kun olin nuorempi, mutta nyt en pysty.
?

7. Voisitko ojentaa minulle maidon, kiitos?
?

8. Hän ei voinut mennä festivaaleille, koska hänen äitinsä sanoi ei.
?

9. Olisi voinut sataa, mutta ei satanut.
?

10. Olisit voinut auttaa minua.
?
 

Teksti

extra exercise 3

Täydennä puuttuvat sanat käyttäen be able to-rakennetta.

 
1. _____________________________________________________________________ hiking on your latest trip? (pääsitkö menemään?)
─ No, unfortunately, I ________________________________________________________________ that because I had a twisted ankle. (en pystynyt tekemään)
2. Also the fog came down and I ____________________________________________________________ to the mountainside. (en päässyt)
3. Coming home I noticed I didn’t have the keys. I _______________________________________________________________ through the bathroom window but I _______________________________________________________________________________ to the balcony where the door was open. (en päässyt sisään; pystyin kiipeämään)
4. My brother wanted to break the window, but we ______________________________________________________________ him out of it. (onnistuimme puhumaan)
5. My brother ____________________________________________________________________________________________[= do sports] since his accident. (ei ole pystynyt urheilemaan)
6. Hopefully he ______________________________________________________________________________________ training soon. (pystyy aloittamaan)
7. Last month he _____________________________________________________________________________________________ the race but he had a muscle cramp. (olisi voinut voittaa)
8. I ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ like him. He is so fast. (Haluaisin pystyä juoksemaan)
9. I _____________________________________________________________________________ for a run even if I hadn’t twisted my ankle. (en olisi pystynyt liittymään hänen seuraansa)
10. Instead, I enjoy __________________________________________________________________________ without any pain. (siitä, että voin pyöräillä)
 
 
 
 

Teksti

extra exercise 4

Täydennä puuttuvat sanat vihjeiden mukaan.

The Story of Helen Keller, The Girl Who Was Deaf And Blind

 
Do you know the story of Helen Keller, who 1. ____________________________________________________________________________  (ei pystynyt näkemään eikä kuulemaan)? Still she 2. _________________________________________________________________________________________(kykeni voittamaan) all handicaps.

When she was born, there was nothing wrong with Helen Keller. She 3. ____________________________________________ (osasi kävellä) when she was 12 months old and she 4. __________________________________________________________(osasi puhua) a little. But one day she fell ill and the illness was so severe that it turned out that she 5. _________________________________________________________________________________________(ei koskaan pystyisi näkemään tai kuulemaan).

Helen was condemned to a life of silence and darkness. She 6. _________________________________________________________(ei pystynyt kuulemaan) what was said to her, 7. __________________________________________________________________________________________________(ei osannut puhua) so she
8. ________________________________________________________________________________________________(ei kyennyt leikkimään) with others.

When she was six years old Helen was taken to see famous doctors to learn if they 9. ___________________________________________________________________(pystyisivät tekemään) something to help Helen. But the doctors
10. _________________________________________________________________________________________________(eivät pystyneet tekemään mitään). The parents then asked an institution for the blind if they 11. ______________________________________________________________________(voisivat lähettää) someone to teach Helen.

Ann Sullivan arrived to take charge of the child who 12. ___________________________________________________________ (ei osannut puhua eikä kuulla). Ann found a way to make herself understood. Using hand language, Helen and Ann
13. __________________________________________________________________________________(kykenivät keskustelemaan) to each other. During the next few months, Helen
14. _______________________________________________________________________________(oli pystynyt oppimaan) to sign words and now she
15. could put(osasi laittaa) some of them into sentences.

At the age of ten Helen decided that she would learn to speak. At first she learned the sounds, but soon she
16. ______________________________________________________________________________(osasi sanoa) entire words and short sentences.

When she was twenty, Helen Keller was accepted to college. She did well and
17. ______________________________________________________________________________(kykeni pysyttelemään vauhdissa [= keep up]) with the other students. Later she started also lecturing and 18. ____________________________________________________(kykeni puhumaan) before large crowds. In her writings and lectures Helen 19. ____________________________________________________________________________________________(teki kaiken, minkä pystyi) to help and encourage others who were deaf and blind.
 
 
 
 

Teksti

extra exercise 5

Täydennä seuraavat lauseet. Valitse sopiva, puhujan arvelua ilmaiseva rakenne.

 
  1. It ___________________________________________________ dark outside! It's only 4.30pm! Well, this is Finnish winter.
  2. They _________________________________________________________________ the lost city of Atlantis. I'm sure it's a hoax.
  3. My dog _________________________________________________________________________________________________ outside last night. It got run over by a car last week and has to stay in.
  4. He ______________________________________________________________________________________________ that painting. He wasn't an artistic bone in him.

Suomenna lauseet.

 
 

1. It can't be dark outside! It's only 4.30pm! Well, this is Finnish winter.
?

2. They can't have found the lost city of Atlantis. I'm sure it's a hoax.
?

3. My dog can’t have barked outside last night. It got run over by a car last week and has to stay in.
?

4. He couldn't have painted that painting. There wasn’t an artistic bone in him.
?
 

October 19th, 2026

HW ex. 4 p. 150; ex. 6 p. 151

2. MAY / MIGHT = voi; saa; on lupa; saattaa ehkä
May I go now? preesens / futuuri
May I borrow your pen?
You may not smoke here because I say so.

MIGHT: 1) saattaisi
He may / might come any time. (might on epävarmempaa kuin may)
2) I konditionaali: Marc might help us if he had time.
II konditionaali: Marc might have helped us if he had had time.

KORVAAVAT MUODOT:
1. (to) be allowed to do s-g
preesens:
I am allowed to try one more time.  You may try.
imperfekti:
I was allowed to try.
perfekti: 
I have always been allowed to try.
pluskvamperfekti:
I had been allowed to try.
futuuri
I will be allowed to try. You may try it tomorrow.
I konditionaali:
I would be allowed to try.  You might try.
II konditionaali:
I would have been allowed to try. You might have tried.

PUHUJAN ARVELU:
You may be right. = Sinä saatat olla oikeassa.
You may have been right before. = Sinä olet saattanut olla oikeassa.

maybe = ehkä / perhaps

"having a chip on your shoulder" = holding a constant grudge against somebody

uskontojen nimet kirjoitetaan isolla alkukirjaimella:
Islam / Christianity / Buddhism / Hinduism / Judaism

Teksti

exercise 1 p. 146

Translate the sentences. 

 
 

1. Voinko pyytää sinulta palvelusta?

Can I ask you for a favor?

2. Voisitko auttaa minua kantamaan laukkuni?

Could you help me (to) carry my bag?

3. En ole voinut nostaa mitään viikkoon, koska mursin ranteeni lomalla.

I haven’t been able to lift anything for a week because I broke my wrist on holiday.

4. Onneksi osaan portugalia, koska lääkäri ei puhunut englantia.

Luckily I know how to / can speak Portuguese because the doctor couldn’t / didn't speak English.

5. Lääkäri onnistui kuitenkin korjaamaan murtuneen ranteeni.

However, the doctor was able to / could fix my broken wrist.

6. Lääkäri sanoi, että en pystyisi surffaamaan kolmeen kuukauteen.

The doctor said that I wouldn’t be able to surf for three months.

7. En voinut uskoa huonoa tuuriani!

I couldn’t believe my bad luck!

8. Pystyn menemään lenkille ensi viikolla.

I will be able to go running next week.

9. Ehkä me voisimme mennä lenkille yhdessä?

Maybe we could go running together?

10. Osaatko muuten tehdä ruokaa? En pysty tekemään sitäkään.

By the way, can you cook? / Do you know how to cook? I can’t do / am not able to do that either.

Teksti

exercise 3 p. 147

Fill in the missing words according to the Finnish clues.

  1. We couldn’t get / couldn’t come / couldn’t make it / weren’t able to get / weren’t able to come / weren’t able to make it / were not able to get / were not able to come / were not able to make it / could not get / could not come / could not make it to the meeting on time on time because the train was delayed. (emme päässeet tulemaan)
  2. Michael was able to carry the bag all by himself. (kykeni kantamaan)
  3. No! That can’t be / cannot be true! (ei voi olla)
  4. My brother is so lucky; he has been able to get / has been able to land / has managed to get / has managed to land / 's been able to get / 's been able to land / 's managed to get / 's managed to land a job in the best company in town. (on onnistunut saamaan)
  5. I looked everywhere for my keys but I couldn’t manage to find / wasn’t able to find / didn't manage to find / could not manage to find / was not able to find / did not manage to find them anywhere. (en onnistunut löytämään)
  6. She’s seven years old, but she can’t read / doesn’t know how to read / cannot read / does not know how to read yet – she’s much more interested in numbers. (ei osaa lukea)
  7. If the car had broken down, I wouldn’t have been able to fix / wouldn’t have been able to repair / would not have been able to fix / would not have been able to repair it. (en olisi osannut korjata)
  8. Julian hasn’t been able to play / has not been able to play golf for three years now. (ei ole voinut pelata)
  9. My grandmother can’t have sent / cannot have sent this text! I don’t think she even knows what ACC and IMHO mean. (ei ole voinut lähettää)
  10. He can’t have spent / couldn’t have spent / cannot have spent / could not have spent all his money on shoes! (ei ole voinut käyttää)
  11. Has Jack been able to buildHas Jack managed to build that snowman by himself without you noticing anything? (Onko Jack onnistunut rakentamaan)
  12. Could Shelly have deleted / Can Shelly have deleted your browser history while you were out? (Olisiko Shelly voinut poistaa)
  13. Your dog can’t have eaten / cannot have eaten all that chocolate. (ei ole voinut syödä)
  14. Would you have been able to pay / Would you have managed to pay the vet bill if it had been more than 100 euros? (Olisitko pystynyt maksamaan)
 
 
 
 

October 21st, 2026

HW ex. 9 p. 155; ex. 13 p. 158; ex. 14 p. 159; ex. 4Ab p. 35 (ex. 4Ac & d p. 35)

vaikuttaa: affect; influence; impact; impress (kun on VERBI, ei tule prepositiota mukaan)
Marc affected me / influenced me / impacted me / impressed greatly.
MUTTA: have an effect on s-b / have an influence on s-b / have an impact on s-b / make an impression on s-b (kun on on substantiivi (an effecr; an influence; an impact; an impression, tulee prepositio on mukaan)
My Father had a big effect on me / had a great influence on me / had a huge impact on me / made a great impression on me when I was a child.

3. MUST = täytyy; pitää; on varmaan(kin)
Mom number 1: "I must go to the hospital to see my child." (sisäinen pakko menna katsomaan lasta sairaalassa)
Mom number 2: "I have to go to the hospital to see my child." (ulkoinen pakko mennä katsomaan lasta sairaalassa)

MUST = on preesens; myös futuuri
I must go now.
Tomorrow I must go to the dentist.

NB! must not = mustn't = EI SAA
You mustn't smoke here.

1. KORVAAVA MUOTO: (to) have to do s-g
preesens:
I have to go now.  I must go now.
imperfekti:
I had to go. = Minun täytyi mennä.
perfekti:
I have had to go. = Minun on täytynyt mennä.
pluskvamperfekti:
I had had to go. = Minun oli täytynyt mennä.
I futuuri:
I will have to go.  I must go.
I konditionaali:
I would have to go.
II konditionaali:
I would have had to go. = Minun olisi täytynyt mennä.

MUITA KORVAAVIA MUOTOJA:
2. (to) be forced: He was forced to leave his country during the war.
3. (to) be compelled: The general was compelled to retire.
4. (to) be obliged: I feel I am obliged to stay with him.
5. (to) be to:  What am I to do with him?
6. it's necessary for s-b to do s-g: It has always been necessary for me to have a job.

NB! puhujan arvelu
Marc must be sick because he is not in class today.
Marc must have been sick for a couple of weeks because we haven't seen him around.
KIELTO:
Marc can't be sick because I just saw him and he was as fit as a fiddle / as right as rain.
Marc can't have been sick because he never falls ill.

a decade = ten years
a century = a hundred years
a millennium = a thousand years

Teksti

exercise 4 p. 150

 
 

1. May I ask you a few questions?

Saanko kysyä sinulta muutaman kysymyksen?

2. Is everyone allowed to express their opinion here?

Saako täällä jokainen ilmaista mielipiteensä?

3. Was everyone allowed to go to school 50 years ago?

Saiko jokainen käydä koulua 50 vuotta sitten?

4. My great-grandmother wasn’t allowed to study very much because her family was poor.

Iso-isoäitini ei saanut opiskella kovin paljon, koska hänen perheensä oli köyhä.

5. I think she would have been allowed to go to school if she had been a boy.

Luulen, että hän olisi saanut käydä koulua, jos hän olisi ollut poika.

6. I might want to do voluntary work abroad after high school.

Saatan haluta tehdä vapaaehtoistyötä ulkomailla lukion jälkeen.

7. I would like to work with children who aren’t allowed to go to school.

Haluaisin työskennellä lasten kanssa, jotka eivät saa käydä koulua.

8. Life would be very different if I hadn’t been allowed to study.

Elämä olisi todella erilaista, jos en olisi saanut opiskella.

9. It would be great if nobody was allowed to use child labour.

Olisi hienoa, jos kukaan ei saisi käyttää lapsityövoimaa.

10. Child labour hasn’t been permitted in Finland for decades.

Lapsityövoima ei ole ollut sallittua Suomessa vuosikymmeniin.

Teksti

exercise 6 p. 151

Fill in the missing words according to the Finnish clues.

  1. If the weather is nice, we may go / might go to the beach this weekend. (saatamme mennä)
  2. Billy and I may watch / may see / might watch / might see a movie tonight. (katsomme ehkä)
  3. You never know, it might happen one day. (saattaa tapahtua)
  4. Using mobile devices is not allowed / isn't allowed during takeoff or landing. (ei ole sallittua)
  5. I think you actually might be / may be right! (saatat olla)
  6. Things might have gone / could have gone differently if I hadn’t decided to leave. (olisivat voineet mennä)
  7. Allison has never been allowed to stay / 's never been allowed to stay home alone for the weekend. (ei ole koskaan saanut jäädä)
  8. Why hasn’t Jill ever been allowed to ride a horse alone? (Jill ei ole koskaan saanut ratsastaa)
  9. May I go and see him next weekend? (Saanko mennä)
  10. What you will see may not surprise / might not surprise you as much as you expect. (ei ehkä yllätä)
  11. She may have to go / might have to go to hospital if the temperature is so high. (saattaa joutua menemään)
  12. They haven’t had permission to eat / haven’t been allowed to eat / have not had permission to eat / have not been allowed to eat all the ice cream. (eivät ole saaneet syödä)
 
 
 
 

October 26th, 2026

HW ex. 4A.d p. 35

dedicate one's life to s-g = devote one's life to s-g = omistaa elämänsä jllkn

seldom = rarely 

pursue a dream = tavoitella unelmaa

equality = tasa-arvo
inequality = epätasa-arvo

engage in s-g / participate in s-g / take part in s-g / partake in s-g

obey / follow the rules

in 1066 the Battle of Hastings / William the Conqueror

a custom
a habit
a way
a tradition

give, gave, given a vote / cast, cast, cast a vote = antaa ääni (vaaleissa)

a felon
a felony

a misdemeanour = lievä rikos; rikkomus

the Constitution = perustuslaki 

27 Amendments

Amentdments 1 - 10: the Bill of Rights

Teksti

exercise 9 p. 155

Fill in the missing words according to the Finnish clues.

  1. You mustn’t tell / must not tell anyone what I just told you! (et saa kertoa)
  2. Don’t you have to pay / Don’t you need to pay to get into the museum? (Eikö sinun tarvitse maksaa)
  3. We didn’t have to stay / didn't need to stay / did not have to stay / did not need to stay in a hotel while we were in Prague. (ei tarvinnut asua)
  4. That woman drives a very expensive car. She must be loaded. (täytyy olla) (= puhujan arvelu)
  5. Hurry up! We have to be / need to be / must be there on time or we’ll miss the boat! (täytyy olla)
  6. Your speech was amazing! You must have practised / must've practised a lot. (on täytynyt harjoitella)
  7. I have had to cancel / 've had to cancel all my meetings this week because I’ve been so sick. (on täytynyt peruuttaa)
  8. Growing up, we all had to clean / needed to clean our rooms and do the dishes. (täytyi siivota)
  9. It must have been / must've been interesting to travel in so many countries! (on täytynyt olla) (= puhujan arvelu)
  10. You mustn’t fill / must not fill the car up with diesel. It runs on unleaded gas. (et saa täyttää)
  11. Did they have to pay / Did they need to pay a 200-euro deposit before they got the car for rent? (Täytyikö heidän maksaa)
  12. You must never call / mustn’t ever call me Theo again! (ei pidä koskaan kutsua)
 
 
 
 

Teksti

exercise 13 p. 158

Fill in.

 
Voting is central to the equality of all Americans and American history. The right to vote began in 1776 but the ones who 1. were allowed to vote / could vote (saivat äänestää) were white, property-owning, Protestant men.

The right to vote was extended in 1856 stating that all white men in America 2. are allowed to vote / can vote (saavat äänestää).

From 1889 onwards men 3. had to take (täytyi tehdä) literacy tests specifically designed to reduce African American voting.

According to The Nineteenth Amendment from 1919-20, women 4. must be given / have to be given (täytyy antaa) the right to vote.

Since 1924 all Native Americans born in the USA 5. have been able to give / have been able to cast (ovat voineet antaa) their vote.

Americans under the age of 21 6. hadn’t been able to take part / hadn’t been able to participate / had not been able to take part / had not been able to participate (eivät olleet voineet osallistua) in elections until 1971.

In 1974, The Supreme Court ruled that states 7. may deny (voivat kieltää) convicted felons the right to vote.

In 1975, laws were passed that said that literacy tests 8. couldn’t be used / could not be used (ei voitu käyttää) anymore.

In 1990, the law required services to ensure that people with disabilities 9. can go / are able to go (voivat mennä) to polling stations.

One of the biggest landmarks in the history of voting 10. might have been / may have been / might've been(on saattanut olla) the presidential election in 2008. In addition to winning, Obama got a great turnout of voters, which
11. must have been / must've been (on täytynyt olla) almost as great as the victory itself.
 
 
 
 

Teksti

exercise 14 p. 159

More advanced. Translate.

 
 

1. Täytyy olla outoa muuttaa vieraaseen maahan, varsinkin koska tavat ja kieli saattavat olla hyvin erilaisia.

It must be odd / weird / strange to move to a foreign country, especially because the customs and language may / might be very different.

2. Parhaat ystäväni ovat maahanmuuttajia ja heidän on täytynyt oppia paljon uusia asioita uudesta kotimaastaan. 

My best friends are immigrants and (they) have had to learn many new things about their new home country.

3. Se ei ole voinut olla helppoa, mutta he ovat onnistuneet menestymään erittäin hyvin.

It can’t have been easy, but they have been able / managed to succeed very well.

4. En ole varma, voisinko muuttaa ulkomaille pysyvästi. Se saattaisi olla melko haastavaa.

I’m not sure if I could / would be able to move abroad permanently. It might / could be pretty challenging.

5. Jos olisin saanut matkustaa ulkomaille nuorena ystävieni kanssa, olisin voinut olla rohkeampi puhumaan vieraita kieliä.

If I had been allowed to travel abroad with my friends when I was young, I could / might have been braver / more brave to speak foreign languages.

6. Pikkusiskoni on aina saanut tehdä asioita, joita hän on halunnut, mutta minun on aina täytynyt noudattaa sääntöjä.

My younger sister has always been allowed to do the things she has wanted to, but I have always had to obey the rules.
 

ex. 4A.b p. 35

1. b. They are seldom protagonists.
2. a. Provided Black girls with a new perspective of themselves.
3. c. too little education
4. b. teenagers

Teksti

exercise 4A.c p. 35

Spot the phrase. 

MARLEY DIAS

 
 

1. yhtä tärkeä kirjallisuudessa kuin

as important in literature as

2. ne, jotka usein jäävät kuulematta

those who are so often unheard

3. sivurooleissa

in secondary roles

4. ensimmäistä kertaa

for the first time

5. ponnistella unelmiensa eteen

to push for their dreams

AHMAD NAWAZ

 
 

6. hyökkäyksessä kuoli 151 opiskelijaa ja opettajaa

the attack left 151 students and teachers dead

7. omistaa elämänsä tällaisten hyökkäysten lopettamiseksi

to dedicate his life to stopping these kinds of attacks

8. saattamalla koulutuksen kaikkien ulottuville

by making education accessible to all

9. auttaa vaarassa olevia nuoria

to help at-risk young people

10. sen päämäärä

its aim
 

Teksti

exercise 4A.c p. 35

Spot the phrase. How are these expressed in the text?

MARLEY DIAS

 
 

1. yhtä tärkeä kirjallisuudessa kuin

as important in literature as

2. ne, jotka usein jäävät kuulematta

those who are so often unheard

3. sivurooleissa

in secondary roles

4. ensimmäistä kertaa

for the first time

5. ponnistella unelmiensa eteen

to push for their dreams

AHMAD NAWAZ

 
 

6. hyökkäyksessä kuoli 151 opiskelijaa ja opettajaa

the attack left 151 students and teachers dead

7. omistaa elämänsä tällaisten hyökkäysten lopettamiseksi

to dedicate his life to stopping these kinds of attacks

8. saattamalla koulutuksen kaikkien ulottuville

by making education accessible to all

9. auttaa vaarassa olevia nuoria

to help at-risk young people

10. sen päämäärä

its aim