October 22, 2025

HW ex. A & B p. 49; ex. 17 p. 166 / ex. 4A.b, 4A.c & 4A.d p. 35

On Indefinite Pronouns:

1) a) every + pääsana: He goes to the gym every day.
Every student knows that.
Every book is worth reading.

b) everyone / everybody: viittaa ihmiseen
Everybody knows me.
Everyone laughed, didn't they?

c) everything: viittaa asioihin; elottomiin olioihin 
Everything goes wrong today.

NB! Every one of us knows him.
Every one of the students knew it.

2) a) some + pääsana
I only had some coffee left and I also had some biscuits.
Some day I will go to Australia.
Some people are really lazy.

b) someone / somebody
Someone stole my bike.

c) something
Something went wrong.
"There is something rotten in the state of Denmark." (Hamlet)
You are something special.
something + adjektiivi

3) a) any
1. "tahansa" Any student could do it.

2. kysymyksissä
Do you take any sugar with your coffee?
3. kieltosanojen (not / no / never) ja rajoittavien sanojen (hardly / barely / scarcely = TUSKIN; seldom / rarely = harvoin; only; little; without) kanssa
He didn't take any milk with his coffee.
He seldom talked to any strangers.

b) anyone / anybody
1. Anybody could solve this problem.
2. Have you seen anybody here today?
3. He never talked to anybody.
Marc hardly saw anybody at school.

c) anything
1. Anything can happen.
2. Have you eaten anything?
3. He didn't say anything.
Marc hardly said anything.
NB! Any of the students could solve the problem.

4. a) no + pääsana
No man is an island. = Kukaan ihminen ei ole saari.
b) no one / no-one / nobody
"Nobody knows the troubles I have seen..." = Kukaan ei tunne vaikeuksia, joita olen kohdannut...
c) nothing
"Nothing compares to you..." (Sinead O'Connor) = Mikään ei vedä vertoja Sinulle.
NB! None of you knows it / know it.

politics
policy = pienempi osa politiikkaa
Who is in charge of foreign policy?
Honesty is the best policy. = Rehellisyys maan perii.