HW ex. 19 p. 180

On commas:
When in doubt, leave it out.

heavy punctuation vs light punctuation

Silvester  T. J. Mazzarella Esq.,
Hackington House,
Canterbury,
Kent,
CT 67897.

1. lauseenvastikkeet - toisin kuin suomessa - erotetaan pilkulla muusta lauseyhteyhteydestä
After reading the paper, I went to the gym.
Having read the paper, I went to the gym.

2. päälause ja sen jälkeen sivulause: ei tule pilkkua
I heard that Nvidia is going to invest one billion dollars in Nokia.
Do you know if Donald J. Trump is coming to Finland?
He is coming over when he has time.

3. Sivulause ensin ja sitten päälause: tulee pilkku
After I had heard the news, I changed my mind.
If you go to the concert, I will come with you.

4. linkkisanat erotetaan pilkulla muusta yhteydestä
He was sick. However, he came to the concert.
He felt, however, very bad.

5. kirje
Dear Mr Brown,
Yours sincerely,
Erja H. Haaksluoto

6. suoran esityksen pilkuttaminen
Mary said, "I've lost lamb."
"I've lost my lamb," Mary said.

7. relatiivilauseen pilkuttaminen
a) My Mother who is a brilliant cook lives in eastern Finland. (= Se äitini, joka on loistava kokki, asuu Itä-Suomessa.) (tulee mielikuva, että minulla on useampi äiti)
b) My Mother, who is a brilliant cook, lives in eastern Finland. (antaa ylimääräistä informaatiota äidistäni)

8. ei pilkkua ennen that-sanaa
It was the best concert (that) I have ever heard.
He said to me (that) he would help me.

NB! that on appositio = selittävä lisä
He wrote RSVP, that is repondez, s'il vous plait.


contaminated = polluted = tainted