HW  ex. 5c p. 48

Alexander Stubb is to give a speech tonight. = Alexander Stubb on pitävä puheen tänä iltana. (viittaa tulevaan)
Aleksis Kivi was to die young. = Aleksis Kivi oli kuoleva nuorena. (kohtalonomainen)

a womb = a uterus
a foetus
an embryo
a nucleus, many nuclei

TO on prepositio:
Saara Lilja used to smoke five cigarettes a day with her dogs. =Saara Lilja poltti ENNEN viisi savuketta päivässä koiriensa kanssa.
1. Saara Lilja was used to smoking five cigarettes a day  with her dogs. = Saara Lilja OLI TOTTUNUT polttamaan viisi savuketta päivässä koiriensa kanssa.
(to) be used to doing s-g
2. (to) object to doing s-g = vastustaa jnkn tekemistä
He objected to smoking in his home.
3. (to) look forward to doing s-g = odottaa innokkaasti jtkn
I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
I look forward to hearing from you soon again.
4. (to) get used to doing s-g = tottua jhkn
We got used to getting up at 6 am.
You will get used to getting up at 5 am.

Slingshot is a device (which / that has been) made to clean water. PASSIIVI / lauseenvastike

That idea might be thrown in the bin. = Tuo idea saatetaan heittää roskiin.


The -ING-muoto:1. subjektinaSmoking is not good for health.
2. predikatiivina
Seeing is believing. (To see is to believe.)
3. objektina tietyt verbit vaativat -ing-muotoa
What do you enjoy doing?
I enjoy reading.
She enjoys swimming.
1. enjoy
2. miss
I miss seeing you.
3. mind
Do you mind opening the door?
4. risk
He risks being caught.
5. can't help
"I can't help falling in love with you."
(I can't help but fall in love with you.)
I couldn't help loving him. = En voinut olla rakastamatta häntä.
6. can't stand = ei voi sietää
I can't stand lying and especially I can't stand being lied to.
7. 
stop: He stopped greeting us.
finish: What time did you finish working?
quit:  He quit / quitted going to school.
avoid: Avoid disturbing him.
prevent (from):  Nothing can prevent me ( from) loving you.
postpone: We had to postpone meeting each other.
put off: We had to put off meeting each other.
escape: He escaped being caught.
leave off: Why don't you leave off swearing?
end up: He ended up being in prison for the rest of his life.
8.
go on: He went on running.
keep (on): Keep (on) doing the good work
9. feel like = fancy = haluttaa
Do you fancy going out with me? = Do you feel like going out with me?
4. preposition jälkeen verbi on ing-muodossa
You are interested in studying English.
You are keen on playing football.
He left the room without saying a  word.
By doing you learn.
5. NB! busy
What are you busy doing?
I am busy studying.
6. IDIOMIT
What is worth doing is worth doing well.
The Summer Book was worth seeing.
Animal Farm is a book worth (while) reading
This film is worthy of seeing.
It is no use / no good
It is no use crying over the spilt milk.
There is nothing like... = Mikään ei vedä vertoja... There is nothing like sleeping late in the mornings.