ENA4 / 4. periodi / Haaksluoto
MOCK EXAM / LEIKKIKOE
Mene nettin ja kirjoita:
otava digikokeet
koekoodi: 24xZvrQD8
Leikkikoe on auki 13.2.2025 klo 12.15 - 14.2.2025 klo 16.30.
otava digikokeet
koekoodi: 24xZvrQD8
Leikkikoe on auki 13.2.2025 klo 12.15 - 14.2.2025 klo 16.30.
Teksti
Answers to the mock exam:
- literally 2. initially / at first 3. settled down 4. nostalgia 5. romanticized / romanticized 6. identity 7. trauma 8. temporarily 9. identity 10. therapeutic 11. mentality
- representative 2. society 3. shaped 4. idealogy 5. radicalisation 6. leading 7. protagonist 8. frustration 9. institution 10. remarkable
- has inspired 2. platforms 3. at-risk 4. blood pressure 5. conform 6. empower 7. engage 8. eating disoders 9. calls for’
- encourages 2. recover 3. cover 4. requires 5. transferring 6. allows 7. research 8. determine
- A & E 2. priority area 3. – 4. An account of a night shift 5. registrar 6. provide a 24/7 health service
- Glossary: Politics the European Union 2. Parliament 3. federal state 4. head of state 5. Constitution 6. legislation 7. democracy 8. foreign policy 9. proposals / bills 10. stand for election / run for election
- Glossary: Society and health care seek asylum 2. refugees / discrimination / poverty 3. immigration / welfare countries / welfare states 4. residence permit 5. paternity leave 6. communal daycare / municipal daycare 7. unemployment benefit(s)
- Glossary: Crime parole 2. arrest 3. innocent 4. verdict 5. bail 6. trial 7. prosecution 8. witness 9. conspiracy 10. undercover
- will have to watch 2. wasn’t able to find 3. might have seen 4. can’t / cannot remember 5. Would you have been allowed 6. would have had to ask 7. to have been able to do 8. mustn’t break 9. can’t have seen 10. having to call / telephone / phone / ring
- each / every 2. All / everything 3. both 4. All (of) 5. neither 6. either 7. one – the other 8. some – the others
- who 2. that 3. which 4. whose 5. that 6. whom 7. which 8. some of which 9. one of whom 10. that
kurssiohjelma / outline
Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukio 2024 – 2025 / Period IV
ENA4 / ENGLISH / ADVANCED / NEW INSIGHTS / MODULE 4
Book: Elina Karapalo – Paula Keltto – Mark Kilmer – Päivi Kuusivaara – Teijo Päkkilä – Annukka Suonio: New Insights Module 4 (Otava)
Room and Time: on Mondays and Wednesdays at 18.40 - 20.00 hours in class room 31 (and simultaneously online on Google Meet at the address: meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj)
Teacher: Erja H. Haaksluoto,
erja.haaksluoto@tyk.fi
Available for consultation: on Mondays at 20.05 – 20.45 hours
= so-called KIELIKLINIKKA (except NOT during the exam weeks)
The grade on module 4 consists of the following parts:
- written digital test, which includes the listening test, on Friday, February 14th, 2025, at 17.00 – 21.00 hours in Class Room 31
- home assignment (+)
- activity during the lessons (+)
The digital test on Friday, February 14th, 2025, in Room 31, consists of the following parts:
- GRAMMAR: 1) Modal Auxiliaries, 2) Indefinite Pronouns, 3) Relative Pronouns and Clauses
- WORDS & VOCABULARY (sanastoa tunneilla käsitellyistä kappaleista)
- RC (= Reading Comprehension = luetun ymmärtäminen)
- YOUR OWN WRITING (= oma tuotos) of about 700 – 1,300 characters
- LISTENING COMPREHENSION TEST
YOU WILL GET YOUR DIGITAL EXAMS BACK ON YOUR E-MAIL. However, if you want to discuss your exam, I shall be available for all kinds of questions on Friday, February 28th, 2025, at 16.00 – 17.30 hours (= kokeiden palautus- ja palautepäivä) in Class Room 31, 3rd floor.
RETAKE EXAM: at 17.00 – 20.05 hours on Friday, March 28th, 2025 = UUSINTAKOE, johon on ehdottomasti ilmoittauduttava etukäteen täyttämällä vaaleansininen lomake, jonka saa kansliasta, 2. krs. Lomake palautetaan kansliaan VIIMEISTÄÄN VIIKKOA ENNEN UUSINTAKOETTA eli viimeistään perjantaina 21.3.2025. Uusintakoelomakkeesta on myös olemassa sähköinen lomake. Nettisivuilla on pdf, jonka voi suoraan täyttää ja lähettää liitetiedostona kansliaan. Lomake löytyy täältä: https://www.tyk.fi/aikuislukio/tietoa/lomakkeet/
HOME ASSIGNMENT (= opettajalle palautettava kotitehtävä):
On pages 139 - 140 you find ten (10) topics for written assignments. Choose one and write your essay on it. Please, do make the difference between small and capital letters.
THE ULTIMATE DEAD-LINE is Monday, February 3rd, 2025!
STUDY PLAN:
- January 8, 2025: Introduction to the course / 2 Where do I fit in? p. 10 – 12 // ex. 2c p. 13 / GRAMMAR: MODAL AUXILIARIES (CAN, COULD) p. 145 – 146
- January 13, 2025: ex. 2e p. 14 // ex. 1 p. 146 & ex. 3 p. 147 // GRAMMAR: MODAL AUXILIARIES (MAY, MIGHT) p. 148 - 149
- January 15, 2025: ex. 6 p. 151 / GRAMMAR: MODAL AUXILIARIES (MUST) p. 152 – 153 // ex. 3g p. 27
- January 20, 2025: ex. 7 p. 153 & ex. 9 p. 155 // ex. 2b p. 20
- January 22, 2025: PRONOUNS p. 160 - 164 (EVERY-, SOME-, ANY- & NO-)
- January 27, 2025: ex. 17 p. 166 & ex. 20 p. 168 – 169 // Text 4 Young activists changing the world p. 30 – 32
- January 29, 2025: ex. 4Ab. & 4Ac. & 4Ad. p. 35 // GRAMMAR: OTHER INDEFINITE PRONOUNS p. 161 – 164 (ANOTHER, OTHER, OTHERS, THE OTHER; ALL; WHOLE; BOTH, EACH; EITHER, NEITHER)
- February 3, 2025: ex. 25 p. 176 & ex. 26 p. 177 // GRAMMAR: RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND CLAUSES p. 180 – 187 // ex. 29 p. 188 // Text 4B Mari and Harry p. 36
THE ULTIMATE DEAD-LINE for the home assignment is on Monday, February 3rd, 2025!
- February 5, 2025: ex. 34 p. 192 & ex. 35 p. 193 // ex. 4Bb. & 4Bc. & 4Bd. p. 39 // Text 6 Nothing comes for free p. 51 - 52
- February 10, 2025: ex. 6a p. 54 & 6b & 6c p. 55 // Text 7 Surviving night in A&E p. 62 - 64
- February 12, 2025: ex. 7b p. 66 & ex. 7d p. 68 & ex. 7e p. 69 & ex. 7g p. 70 & ex. 7h p. 70
January 8th, 2025
HW ex. 3 p. 147
halal
aubergines = eggplants = munakoisoja
1. CAN = osaa, voi, kykenee = preesens & futuuri
COULD: 1) imperfekti He could sing before he could talk. I could read when I was four. 2) konditionaali VOISI Could you help me, please? He could come here any time.
1. He could help me if he wanted to.
2. He could have helped me if he had wanted to.
korvaava muoto: (to) be able to...
1. preesens
I am able to sing. I can sing.
2. imperfekti
I was able to sing even if I was sick. I could sing even if I was sick.
3. perfekti
I have always been able to sing.
4. pluskvamperfekti
I had always been able to sing.
5. I futuuri
I will be able to sing tomorrow. I can sing tomorrow.
6. I konditionaali
I would be able to sing. I could sing.
7. II kond.
I would have been able to sing. I could have sung.
halal
aubergines = eggplants = munakoisoja
1. CAN = osaa, voi, kykenee = preesens & futuuri
COULD: 1) imperfekti He could sing before he could talk. I could read when I was four. 2) konditionaali VOISI Could you help me, please? He could come here any time.
1. He could help me if he wanted to.
2. He could have helped me if he had wanted to.
korvaava muoto: (to) be able to...
1. preesens
I am able to sing. I can sing.
2. imperfekti
I was able to sing even if I was sick. I could sing even if I was sick.
3. perfekti
I have always been able to sing.
4. pluskvamperfekti
I had always been able to sing.
5. I futuuri
I will be able to sing tomorrow. I can sing tomorrow.
6. I konditionaali
I would be able to sing. I could sing.
7. II kond.
I would have been able to sing. I could have sung.
January 13th, 2025
HW ex. 6 p. 151
May I be excused?
You may sit down.
2. MAY = preesens (& futuuri); saa, on lupa
MIGHT: SAATTAISI
I kond. He might come if he had time.
II kond. He might have come if he had had time.
You may not smoke here.
korvaava muoto: (to) be allowed to do s-g
1. preesensYou are allowed to go. You may go.
2. imperfekti
You were allowed to go
3. perfekti
You have been allowed to go.
4. pluskvam.
You had been allowed to go.
5. I fut.
You will be allowed to go. You may go.
6. I kond.
You would be allowed to go. You might go.
7. II kond.
You would have been allowed to go. You might have gone.
Islam
Christianity
Judaism
Buddhism
(to) have a chip on one's shoulder
She had a chip on her shoulder about not having been to Cambridge.
May I be excused?
You may sit down.
2. MAY = preesens (& futuuri); saa, on lupa
MIGHT: SAATTAISI
I kond. He might come if he had time.
II kond. He might have come if he had had time.
You may not smoke here.
korvaava muoto: (to) be allowed to do s-g
1. preesensYou are allowed to go. You may go.
2. imperfekti
You were allowed to go
3. perfekti
You have been allowed to go.
4. pluskvam.
You had been allowed to go.
5. I fut.
You will be allowed to go. You may go.
6. I kond.
You would be allowed to go. You might go.
7. II kond.
You would have been allowed to go. You might have gone.
Islam
Christianity
Judaism
Buddhism
(to) have a chip on one's shoulder
She had a chip on her shoulder about not having been to Cambridge.
ex. 3 p. 147
Fill in the missing words according to the Finnish clues. 1. couldn’t / weren’t able to get / come / make it 2. was able to carry 3. can’t be 4. has been able to get / has managed to get / land 5. couldn’t / wasn’t able to / didn't manage to find 6. can’t read / doesn’t know how to read 7. wouldn’t have been able to fix / repair 8. hasn’t been able to play 9. can’t have sent 10. can’t have spent / couldn’t have spent 11. Has Jack been able to / managed to build 12. Could / Can Shelly have deleted 13. can’t have eaten 14. Would you have been able to pay / Would you have managed to pay
January 15th, 2025
HW ex. 9 p. 155, ex. 11 p. 156, ex. 13 p. 158
HW for Monday January 20th, 2025: ex. 4A.b p. 35 & ex. 4 A.c p. 35 & ex. 4A.d p. 35
dedicate one's life to s-g
Mother Theresa dedicated her life to helping the poor and the less fortunate in Calcutta, India.
empower (v.)
empowerment (n.)
an NGO = (a) charity
3. MUST = täytyy; on pakko
= preesens & futuuri
mustn't = EI SAA
You mustn't lean towards the doors.
You mustn't smoke in school premises.
KORVAAVA MUOTO: (to) have to do s-g
1. preesens
I have to go now. I must go now.
2. imperfekti
I had to go.
3. perfekti
I have had to go.
4. pluskvam.
I had had to go.
5. I fut.
I will have to go. I must go.
6. I kond.
I would have to go.
7. II kond.
I would have had to go.
muita korvaavia muotoja:
need to: We need to go now.
be forced to: I was forced to go.
be compelled to: We were compelled to take some extra lessons.
be obliged to: Everyone is obliged to pay taxes.
be to: He is to give a speech.
it is necessary for s-b to do s-g
Matti has had to run all that distance. (solidia faktaa: Matin on ollut pakko juosta koko tuo matka.)
Matti must have run all that distance. (puhujan arvelu: Matti on varmaankin juossut koko tuon matkan.)
Pekka must be ill because he is not in class today.
kielto: Pekka can't be ill because I just saw him and he was as fit as a fiddle / as right as rain.
Pekka must have been ill for quite some time because we haven't seen him around.
Pekka can't have been ill because he never falls ill.
HW for Monday January 20th, 2025: ex. 4A.b p. 35 & ex. 4 A.c p. 35 & ex. 4A.d p. 35
dedicate one's life to s-g
Mother Theresa dedicated her life to helping the poor and the less fortunate in Calcutta, India.
empower (v.)
empowerment (n.)
an NGO = (a) charity
3. MUST = täytyy; on pakko
= preesens & futuuri
mustn't = EI SAA
You mustn't lean towards the doors.
You mustn't smoke in school premises.
KORVAAVA MUOTO: (to) have to do s-g
1. preesens
I have to go now. I must go now.
2. imperfekti
I had to go.
3. perfekti
I have had to go.
4. pluskvam.
I had had to go.
5. I fut.
I will have to go. I must go.
6. I kond.
I would have to go.
7. II kond.
I would have had to go.
muita korvaavia muotoja:
need to: We need to go now.
be forced to: I was forced to go.
be compelled to: We were compelled to take some extra lessons.
be obliged to: Everyone is obliged to pay taxes.
be to: He is to give a speech.
it is necessary for s-b to do s-g
Matti has had to run all that distance. (solidia faktaa: Matin on ollut pakko juosta koko tuo matka.)
Matti must have run all that distance. (puhujan arvelu: Matti on varmaankin juossut koko tuon matkan.)
Pekka must be ill because he is not in class today.
kielto: Pekka can't be ill because I just saw him and he was as fit as a fiddle / as right as rain.
Pekka must have been ill for quite some time because we haven't seen him around.
Pekka can't have been ill because he never falls ill.
Teksti
7 1. may / might go 2. may / might see / watch 3. might happen 4. is not allowed 5. might / may be 6. might / could have gone 7. has never been allowed to stay 8. hasn’t Jill ever been allowed to ride 9. May I go 10. may / might not surprise 12. may / might have to go 13. haven’t had permission / haven’t been allowed to eat
Translate the sentences. Your partner checks. p. 220 1. Everyone had/needed to give an oral presentation in the English course. 2. The topic had/needed to be a person who has had an effect on / affected me. 3. I get/am nervous about performing so I have/need to practice for many days. 4. I have always had/needed to prepare more for presentations than my friends. 5. Luckily I don’t need/have to give it alone. 6. The presentation mustn’t be longer than 15 minutes. 7. The presentation has to / needs to / must include an interview video. 8. Have you had to give presentations? 9. Didn’t our parents have/need to sing in front of the whole class? 10. I would have/need to keep my eyes closed if I had/needed to sing in front of everyone.
January 15th, 2025
2. 1. nephews 2. nieces 3. churches 4. dishes 5. bays 6. hobbies 7. factories 8. alleys 9. opportunities 10. scenarios 11. mosquitoes/mosquitos 12. tomatoes 13. lives 14. thieves 15. roofs 16. geese 17. men 18. trout 19. headquarters 20. crises
3. Write the singular forms of the following nouns. Remember to include the article a or an as well. 1. a switch 2. a berry 3. a half 4. a knife 5. a mouse 6. a child 7. an echo 8. a series 9. a phenomenon 10. a person 11. a leaf 12. reindeer 13.a Japanese
3. Write the singular forms of the following nouns. Remember to include the article a or an as well. 1. a switch 2. a berry 3. a half 4. a knife 5. a mouse 6. a child 7. an echo 8. a series 9. a phenomenon 10. a person 11. a leaf 12. reindeer 13.a Japanese
Teksti
HW: ex. 4 p. 163 & ex. 5 p. 163, ex. B p. 37
lingerie = women's underweara hymn = virsi
a hymnal = virsikirja
homework
housework
a hair
There is a hair in my soup.
My hair looks terrible.
Is there any news? = Onko mitään uutisia?
That was a piece of good news.
That was an item of good news.
That was bad news. = Nuo olivat huonoja uutisia.
advice
That was good advice. = Nuo olivat hyviä neuvoja.
He gave me a word of sound advice.
I sold old furniture.
I sold a piece of old furniture.
She has a working knowledge of Spanish.
Where is the money? I left it on the kitchen table.
an ironworks / many ironworks
a hippopotamus / many hippopotami
indigenous peoples = alkuperäiskansoja
The English always talk about the weather.
The British wanted to leave the EU.
The Welsh are proud of the language.
The Irish are often red-haired.
The French are proud of their culture.
The Dutch have always been good sea-farers.
The Swiss are hard-working.
The Japanese are polite.
The Chinese have invented many things.
The Portuguese are frinedly.
The Vietnamese have suffered a lot.
The Burmese
People are usually very nice.
a man's hat
men's hats
a child's toy
a criterion / many criteria
a phenomenon / many phenomena
phenomenal (adj.)
phenomenally (adv.)
a species / many species
a series / many series
a means / many means
a pike / many pike
a trout / many trout
a perch / many perch
a salmon / many salmon
a deer / many deer
a reindeer / many reindeer
an elk / many elk
a moose / many moose
an analysis / many analyses
an oasis / many oases
a basis / many bases
a crisis / many crises
January 15th, 2025
HW ex. 9 p. 155, ex. 11 p. 156, ex. 13 p. 158
HW for Monday January 20th, 2025: ex. 4A.b p. 35 & ex. 4 A.c p. 35 & ex. 4A.d p. 35
dedicate one's life to s-g
Mother Theresa dedicated her life to helping the poor and the less fortunate in Calcutta, India.
empower (v.)
empowerment (n.)
an NGO = charity
3. MUST = täytyy; on pakko
= preesens & futuuri
mustn't = EI SAA
You mustn't lean towards the doors.
You mustn't smoke in school premises.
KORVAAVA MUOTO: (to) have to do s-g
1. preesens
I have to go now. I must go now.
2. imperfekti
I had to go.
3. perfekti
I have had to go.
4. pluskvam.
I had had to go.
5. I fut.
I will have to go. I must go.
6. I kond.
I would have to go.
7. II kond.
I would have had to go.
muita korvaavia muotoja:
need to: We need to go now.
be forced to: I was forced to go.
be compelled to: We were compelled to take some extra lessons.
be obliged to: Everyone is obliged to pay taxes.
be to: He is to give a speech.
it is necessary for s-b to do s-g
Matti has had to run all that distance. (solidia faktaa: Matin on ollut pakko juosta koko tuo matka.)
Matti must have run all that distance. (puhujan arvelu: Matti on varmaankin juossut koko tuon matkan.)
Pekka must be ill because he is not in class today.
kielto: Pekka can't be ill because I just saw him and he was as fit as a fiddle / as right as rain.
Pekka must have been ill for quite some time because we haven't seen him around.
Pekka can't have been ill because he never falls ill.
HW for Monday January 20th, 2025: ex. 4A.b p. 35 & ex. 4 A.c p. 35 & ex. 4A.d p. 35
dedicate one's life to s-g
Mother Theresa dedicated her life to helping the poor and the less fortunate in Calcutta, India.
empower (v.)
empowerment (n.)
an NGO = charity
3. MUST = täytyy; on pakko
= preesens & futuuri
mustn't = EI SAA
You mustn't lean towards the doors.
You mustn't smoke in school premises.
KORVAAVA MUOTO: (to) have to do s-g
1. preesens
I have to go now. I must go now.
2. imperfekti
I had to go.
3. perfekti
I have had to go.
4. pluskvam.
I had had to go.
5. I fut.
I will have to go. I must go.
6. I kond.
I would have to go.
7. II kond.
I would have had to go.
muita korvaavia muotoja:
need to: We need to go now.
be forced to: I was forced to go.
be compelled to: We were compelled to take some extra lessons.
be obliged to: Everyone is obliged to pay taxes.
be to: He is to give a speech.
it is necessary for s-b to do s-g
Matti has had to run all that distance. (solidia faktaa: Matin on ollut pakko juosta koko tuo matka.)
Matti must have run all that distance. (puhujan arvelu: Matti on varmaankin juossut koko tuon matkan.)
Pekka must be ill because he is not in class today.
kielto: Pekka can't be ill because I just saw him and he was as fit as a fiddle / as right as rain.
Pekka must have been ill for quite some time because we haven't seen him around.
Pekka can't have been ill because he never falls ill.
January 20th, 2025
HW ex. 13 p. 158
HW for Monday January 20th, 2025: ex. 4B.b p. 39 & ex. 4B.c p. 39 & ex. 4B.d p. 39INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
1) a) EVERY pitää olla pääsanan kanssa
Matti goes to the gym every day.
Every student knows that smoking is not allowed in school premises.
b) EVERYBODY / EVERYONE viittaa ihmiseen
Everybody knows him.
c) EVERYTHING viittaa asioihin ja elottomiin olioihin
Everything seems to go wrong today.
NB! Every one of the students knows it.
Every one of us knows it.
a tire
grey / gray
a charity = an NGO
They established an NGO.
contaminated = polluted = tainted
lead = lyijy
birth defects
despite thousands of complaints = in spite of thousands of complaints
complain about s-g
a complaint (n.)
weigh (v.)
weight (n.)
convert (v.)
HW for Monday January 20th, 2025: ex. 4B.b p. 39 & ex. 4B.c p. 39 & ex. 4B.d p. 39INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
1) a) EVERY pitää olla pääsanan kanssa
Matti goes to the gym every day.
Every student knows that smoking is not allowed in school premises.
b) EVERYBODY / EVERYONE viittaa ihmiseen
Everybody knows him.
c) EVERYTHING viittaa asioihin ja elottomiin olioihin
Everything seems to go wrong today.
NB! Every one of the students knows it.
Every one of us knows it.
a tire
grey / gray
a charity = an NGO
They established an NGO.
contaminated = polluted = tainted
lead = lyijy
birth defects
despite thousands of complaints = in spite of thousands of complaints
complain about s-g
a complaint (n.)
weigh (v.)
weight (n.)
convert (v.)
Teksti
HW ex. 13 p. 158
HW for Monday January 20th, 2025: ex. 4B.b p. 39 & ex. 4B.c p. 39 & ex. 4B.d p. 39
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
1) a) EVERY pitää olla pääsanan kanssa
Matti goes to the gym every day.
Every student knows that smoking is not allowed in school premises.
b) EVERYBODY / EVERYONE viittaa ihmiseen
Everybody knows him.
c) EVERYTHING viittaa asioihin ja elottomiin olioihin
Everything seems to go wrong today.
NB! Every one of the students knows it.
Every one of us knows it.
a tire = a tyre
grey / gray
a charity = an NGO
They established an NGO.
contaminated = polluted = tainted
lead = lyijy
birth defects
despite thousands of complaints = in spite of thousands of complaints
complain about s-g
a complaint (n.)
weigh (v.)
weight (n.)
convert (v.)
HW for Monday January 20th, 2025: ex. 4B.b p. 39 & ex. 4B.c p. 39 & ex. 4B.d p. 39
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
1) a) EVERY pitää olla pääsanan kanssa
Matti goes to the gym every day.
Every student knows that smoking is not allowed in school premises.
b) EVERYBODY / EVERYONE viittaa ihmiseen
Everybody knows him.
c) EVERYTHING viittaa asioihin ja elottomiin olioihin
Everything seems to go wrong today.
NB! Every one of the students knows it.
Every one of us knows it.
a tire = a tyre
grey / gray
a charity = an NGO
They established an NGO.
contaminated = polluted = tainted
lead = lyijy
birth defects
despite thousands of complaints = in spite of thousands of complaints
complain about s-g
a complaint (n.)
weigh (v.)
weight (n.)
convert (v.)
Teksti
9 Fill in the missing words according to the Finnish clues.
1. mustn’t tell
2. Don’t you have to / need to pay
3. didn’t have to / need to stay
4. must be have to be / need to be / must be
5. must have practised
6. have had to cancel
7. had to clean
8. must have been
9. mustn’t fill 1
10. Did they have / need to pay
11. must never / mustn’t ever call
10.
1. 11 I’m sure Jules would’ve been able to change the tyre.
2. They should’ve been allowed to stay an extra hour.
3. I think I must’ve fallen asleep during the movie.
4. We might’ve caught him on a bad day.
5. Taylor could’ve been able to climb over the fence.
1. How well can you swim?
2. How many instruments can you play?
3. We haven’t been able to go to the gym.
4. You’re not allowed to / mustn't smoke here!
5. It might/may be difficult to remember all the rules.
6. We had to write three essays.
7. You must have been hungry after that hike!
8. Peter has had to buy five new phones this year. He always loses them / He is always losing them.
1. I can’t decide which bag to buy.
2. Were you allowed to climb trees before you were four years old?
3. You may/might see celebrities today.
4. May I leave/go now?
5. We have to / need to / must practise every day.
6. Did you have/need to be home by nine as children / when you were children?
7. You don’t have/need to come back.
8. You can’t be serious!
1. mustn’t tell
2. Don’t you have to / need to pay
3. didn’t have to / need to stay
4. must be have to be / need to be / must be
5. must have practised
6. have had to cancel
7. had to clean
8. must have been
9. mustn’t fill 1
10. Did they have / need to pay
11. must never / mustn’t ever call
10.
1. 11 I’m sure Jules would’ve been able to change the tyre.
2. They should’ve been allowed to stay an extra hour.
3. I think I must’ve fallen asleep during the movie.
4. We might’ve caught him on a bad day.
5. Taylor could’ve been able to climb over the fence.
1. How well can you swim?
2. How many instruments can you play?
3. We haven’t been able to go to the gym.
4. You’re not allowed to / mustn't smoke here!
5. It might/may be difficult to remember all the rules.
6. We had to write three essays.
7. You must have been hungry after that hike!
8. Peter has had to buy five new phones this year. He always loses them / He is always losing them.
1. I can’t decide which bag to buy.
2. Were you allowed to climb trees before you were four years old?
3. You may/might see celebrities today.
4. May I leave/go now?
5. We have to / need to / must practise every day.
6. Did you have/need to be home by nine as children / when you were children?
7. You don’t have/need to come back.
8. You can’t be serious!
January 22nd, 2025
Homework for Monday, January 27th, 2025: exercise 17 page 166 & exercise 14 p. 159
cast, cast, cast a vote = give a vote
at face value
Every dog will have its day.
It's no use crying over the spilt milk.
Let bygones be bygones.
Ad astra per sidera.
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
1) a) EVERY pitää olla pääsanan kanssa
Matti goes to the gym every day.
Every student knows that smoking is not allowed in school premises.
b) EVERYBODY / EVERYONE viittaa ihmiseen
Everybody knows him.
c) EVERYTHING viittaa asioihin ja elottomiin olioihin
Everything seems to go wrong today.
NB! Every one of the students knows it.
Every one of us knows it.
2) SOME
a) I have some questions for you.
I would like to have some milk with my coffee.
Some thirty people came to my party.
b) SOMEBODY / SOMEONE viittaa ihmiseen
Somebody stole his car.
There is somebody at the door.
c) SOMETHING viittaa asioihin
Something went wrong.
something + adjektiivi
There is something rotten in the state of Denmark.
You are something special.
NB!
Some of you passed the test.
yksikkö: One of you passed the test.
3) ANY + pääsana
a) 1. Any car will do. = Mikä tahansa auto kelpaa.
2. kieltosana tai rajoittavan sanan kanssa
He didn't read any books.
rajoittavat määreet: hardly = barely = scarcely = TUSKIN, little, only, without; seldom = rarely = HARVOIN
He seldom read any books.
3. kysymykset
Have you ever read any English books?
b) anybody / anyone
1. Anybody could solve this problem.
2. kiellot + rajoittavat
I didn't know anyone there.
I have hardly talked to anyone today.
3. kys.
Have you seen anybody here?
c) anything viittaa asioihin
1. Anything can happen.
2. kiellot + rajoittavat
I haven't said anything.
I rarely said anything.
NB!
Any of you could solve this problem.
Any of the students could solve the problem.
4. NO + pääsana
a) No man is an island, entire of itself.
Yksikään ihminen ei ole saari...
b) no one / no-one / nobody viittaa ihmiseen
Nobody knows the troubles I've seen...
c) nothing viittaa asioihin
Nothing compares to you. (Sinead O'Connor)
NB!
None of us know / knows him.
cast, cast, cast a vote = give a vote
at face value
Every dog will have its day.
It's no use crying over the spilt milk.
Let bygones be bygones.
Ad astra per sidera.
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
1) a) EVERY pitää olla pääsanan kanssa
Matti goes to the gym every day.
Every student knows that smoking is not allowed in school premises.
b) EVERYBODY / EVERYONE viittaa ihmiseen
Everybody knows him.
c) EVERYTHING viittaa asioihin ja elottomiin olioihin
Everything seems to go wrong today.
NB! Every one of the students knows it.
Every one of us knows it.
2) SOME
a) I have some questions for you.
I would like to have some milk with my coffee.
Some thirty people came to my party.
b) SOMEBODY / SOMEONE viittaa ihmiseen
Somebody stole his car.
There is somebody at the door.
c) SOMETHING viittaa asioihin
Something went wrong.
something + adjektiivi
There is something rotten in the state of Denmark.
You are something special.
NB!
Some of you passed the test.
yksikkö: One of you passed the test.
3) ANY + pääsana
a) 1. Any car will do. = Mikä tahansa auto kelpaa.
2. kieltosana tai rajoittavan sanan kanssa
He didn't read any books.
rajoittavat määreet: hardly = barely = scarcely = TUSKIN, little, only, without; seldom = rarely = HARVOIN
He seldom read any books.
3. kysymykset
Have you ever read any English books?
b) anybody / anyone
1. Anybody could solve this problem.
2. kiellot + rajoittavat
I didn't know anyone there.
I have hardly talked to anyone today.
3. kys.
Have you seen anybody here?
c) anything viittaa asioihin
1. Anything can happen.
2. kiellot + rajoittavat
I haven't said anything.
I rarely said anything.
NB!
Any of you could solve this problem.
Any of the students could solve the problem.
4. NO + pääsana
a) No man is an island, entire of itself.
Yksikään ihminen ei ole saari...
b) no one / no-one / nobody viittaa ihmiseen
Nobody knows the troubles I've seen...
c) nothing viittaa asioihin
Nothing compares to you. (Sinead O'Connor)
NB!
None of us know / knows him.
Teksti
exercise 13
Voting is central to the equality of all Americans and American history. The right to vote began in 1776 but the ones who 1. were allowed to vote / could vote were white, property-owning, Protestant men. The right to vote was extended in 1856 stating that all white men in America 2. are allowed to vote / can vote. From 1889 onwards men 3. had to take literacy tests specifically designed to reduce African American voting. According to The Nineteenth Amendment from 1919-20, women 4. must be given / have to be given the right to vote. Since 1924 all Native Americans born in the USA 5. have been able to give/cast their vote. Americans under the age of 21 6. hadn’t been able to take part / participate in elections until 1971. In 1974, The Supreme Court ruled that states 7. may deny convicted felons the right to vote. In 1975, laws were passed that said that literacy tests 8. couldn’t be used anymore. In 1990, the law required services to ensure that people with disabilities 9. can go / are able to go to polling stations. One of the biggest landmarks in the history of voting 10. might / may have been the presidential election in 2008. In addition to winning, Obama got a great turnout of voters, which 11. must have been almost as great as the victory itself.
Voting is central to the equality of all Americans and American history. The right to vote began in 1776 but the ones who 1. were allowed to vote / could vote were white, property-owning, Protestant men. The right to vote was extended in 1856 stating that all white men in America 2. are allowed to vote / can vote. From 1889 onwards men 3. had to take literacy tests specifically designed to reduce African American voting. According to The Nineteenth Amendment from 1919-20, women 4. must be given / have to be given the right to vote. Since 1924 all Native Americans born in the USA 5. have been able to give/cast their vote. Americans under the age of 21 6. hadn’t been able to take part / participate in elections until 1971. In 1974, The Supreme Court ruled that states 7. may deny convicted felons the right to vote. In 1975, laws were passed that said that literacy tests 8. couldn’t be used anymore. In 1990, the law required services to ensure that people with disabilities 9. can go / are able to go to polling stations. One of the biggest landmarks in the history of voting 10. might / may have been the presidential election in 2008. In addition to winning, Obama got a great turnout of voters, which 11. must have been almost as great as the victory itself.
January 27th, 2025
Homework for Monday, January 27th, 2025: exercise A p. 72; exercise B p. 73; exercise 6a p. 54; exercise 14 p. 159
ANOTHER; OTHER; OTHERS; THE OTHER:
1) another
a) Would you like to have another cup of coffee?
b) I stayed for five days in New York City. Then I decided to stay for another five days there.
c) one another = each other
We love one another = each other.
Good friends forgive one another's shortcomings = each other's shortcomings.
2) the other
a) I was told to turn the other cheek.
one - the other
b) One eye was blue, the other was green.
c) on (the) one hand - on the other hand
On (the) one hand I am absent-minded, on the other hand I am extremely meticulous.
a cesarean = a C-section
give birth to a baby
seek, sought, sought asylum = anoa turvapaikkaa
an asylum seeker = turvapaikanhakija
She is on maternity leave.
The unemployed are entitled to unemployment benefit.
subsidies
subsidize (v.)
equality
Somebody has put his or her sock in the refrigerator.
Everybody knows their duty.
He is nothing but skin and bones.
joka tapauksessa = in any case / at any rate / anyhow / anyway
none too soon
It was anything but fun.
ANOTHER; OTHER; OTHERS; THE OTHER:
1) another
a) Would you like to have another cup of coffee?
b) I stayed for five days in New York City. Then I decided to stay for another five days there.
c) one another = each other
We love one another = each other.
Good friends forgive one another's shortcomings = each other's shortcomings.
2) the other
a) I was told to turn the other cheek.
one - the other
b) One eye was blue, the other was green.
c) on (the) one hand - on the other hand
On (the) one hand I am absent-minded, on the other hand I am extremely meticulous.
a cesarean = a C-section
give birth to a baby
seek, sought, sought asylum = anoa turvapaikkaa
an asylum seeker = turvapaikanhakija
She is on maternity leave.
The unemployed are entitled to unemployment benefit.
subsidies
subsidize (v.)
equality
Somebody has put his or her sock in the refrigerator.
Everybody knows their duty.
He is nothing but skin and bones.
joka tapauksessa = in any case / at any rate / anyhow / anyway
none too soon
It was anything but fun.
Teksti
exercise 17
1. Is everything ready?
2. Has everybody / everyone already left?
3. Every good player knows the rules.
4. Not everybody/everyone remembers everything.
5. Every time / each time you leave, the dog howls.
6. Every one of us / each (one) of us loves pizza.
7. Not everybody/everyone has ordered the same pizza.
8. Does everything happen for a reason?
9. Why do I always have to repeat everything?
10. Every one of them / each (one) of them loves Lucy.
1. There's something strange about our new neighbour.
2. Somebody/someone is knocking on the door.
3. Somebody/someone has put their dirty sock in the fridge.
4. Something is wrong with this recipe. / There's something wrong with this recipe.
5. Some of you know the right answer.
6. Some strange guy was going through our trash/rubbish last night.
7. One of you knows him for sure / is sure to know him.
8. Would you like to taste something sweet?
9. Someone/ somebody other than you should cook tonight.
10. Did you tell our secret to one of them?
1.Anything goes / will do. Anybody/anyone could help you.
2. Does anybody/anyone here have their wallet with them? /
3. Is there anybody/anyone here who has their wallet with them?
4.We didn't have any idea / We had no idea who had stolen the apples.
5. Sue didn't want to talk to any of us.
6. Any (one) of you could be the next winner.
7. Have you seen any good films/movies recently/lately?
8. How could Tom leave without saying anything to anybody/anyone?
9. It was anything but fun.
10. In any case / at any rate / anyhow / anyway, we had a good time at the party.
1. Nobody / no one likes worms/maggots.
2. Nothing has happened.
3. No teacher remembers my name.
4. None of us likes coffee.
5. None of you is ever late.
6. Nobody / no one remembered their password.
7. Nothing good can/will come out of this.
8. There you are, none too soon / not a moment too soon! 9. There's nothing like an ice cream on a hot day. 10. That girl is nothing but trouble.
1. Is everything ready?
2. Has everybody / everyone already left?
3. Every good player knows the rules.
4. Not everybody/everyone remembers everything.
5. Every time / each time you leave, the dog howls.
6. Every one of us / each (one) of us loves pizza.
7. Not everybody/everyone has ordered the same pizza.
8. Does everything happen for a reason?
9. Why do I always have to repeat everything?
10. Every one of them / each (one) of them loves Lucy.
1. There's something strange about our new neighbour.
2. Somebody/someone is knocking on the door.
3. Somebody/someone has put their dirty sock in the fridge.
4. Something is wrong with this recipe. / There's something wrong with this recipe.
5. Some of you know the right answer.
6. Some strange guy was going through our trash/rubbish last night.
7. One of you knows him for sure / is sure to know him.
8. Would you like to taste something sweet?
9. Someone/ somebody other than you should cook tonight.
10. Did you tell our secret to one of them?
1.Anything goes / will do. Anybody/anyone could help you.
2. Does anybody/anyone here have their wallet with them? /
3. Is there anybody/anyone here who has their wallet with them?
4.We didn't have any idea / We had no idea who had stolen the apples.
5. Sue didn't want to talk to any of us.
6. Any (one) of you could be the next winner.
7. Have you seen any good films/movies recently/lately?
8. How could Tom leave without saying anything to anybody/anyone?
9. It was anything but fun.
10. In any case / at any rate / anyhow / anyway, we had a good time at the party.
1. Nobody / no one likes worms/maggots.
2. Nothing has happened.
3. No teacher remembers my name.
4. None of us likes coffee.
5. None of you is ever late.
6. Nobody / no one remembered their password.
7. Nothing good can/will come out of this.
8. There you are, none too soon / not a moment too soon! 9. There's nothing like an ice cream on a hot day. 10. That girl is nothing but trouble.
January 29th, 2025
Homework for Monday, exercises 6b & 6c p. 55, exercise C p. 73; exercises 26 p. 177 & 28 p. 178; exercises 22 & 23 p. 173 - 174
They must have learnt a new language. = He ovat varmaankin oppineet uuden kielen. = puhujan arvelua
They have had to learn a new language. = Heidän on ollut pakko oppia uusi kieli.
It must have been easy. = Se on varmaankin ollut helppoa.
It can't have been easy. = Se ei ole voinut mitenkään olla helppoa.
ANOTHER; OTHER; OTHERS; THE OTHERS:
1) another
a) Would you like to have another cup of coffee?
b) I stayed for five days in New York City. Then I decided to stay for another five days there.
c) one another = each other
We love one another = each other.
Good friends forgive one another's shortcomings = each other's shortcomings.
2) the other
a) I was told to turn the other cheek.
one - the other
b) One eye was blue, the other was green.
c) on (the) one hand - on the other hand
On (the) one hand I am absent-minded, on the other hand I am extremely meticulous.
3) Some people are helpful, others aren't.
4) There were 20 people at my party. Some left early, the others danced the whole night long.
BOTH
I knew those twins. Both (the) girls were very intelligent.
ALL
He was sleeping all day long.
all night
all week
All the world is a stage.
all in all
above all
Koko Suomi katsoi jääkiekkomatsia.
All Finland was watching the ice hockey match.
The whole of Finland was covered with snow.
each = every
He comes here every summer / each summer.
I have two shirts. You can take either (one)
either - or
neither - nor
The twins were Max and Marc. Neither of them came to my party.
They must have learnt a new language. = He ovat varmaankin oppineet uuden kielen. = puhujan arvelua
They have had to learn a new language. = Heidän on ollut pakko oppia uusi kieli.
It must have been easy. = Se on varmaankin ollut helppoa.
It can't have been easy. = Se ei ole voinut mitenkään olla helppoa.
ANOTHER; OTHER; OTHERS; THE OTHERS:
1) another
a) Would you like to have another cup of coffee?
b) I stayed for five days in New York City. Then I decided to stay for another five days there.
c) one another = each other
We love one another = each other.
Good friends forgive one another's shortcomings = each other's shortcomings.
2) the other
a) I was told to turn the other cheek.
one - the other
b) One eye was blue, the other was green.
c) on (the) one hand - on the other hand
On (the) one hand I am absent-minded, on the other hand I am extremely meticulous.
3) Some people are helpful, others aren't.
4) There were 20 people at my party. Some left early, the others danced the whole night long.
BOTH
I knew those twins. Both (the) girls were very intelligent.
ALL
He was sleeping all day long.
all night
all week
All the world is a stage.
all in all
above all
Koko Suomi katsoi jääkiekkomatsia.
All Finland was watching the ice hockey match.
The whole of Finland was covered with snow.
each = every
He comes here every summer / each summer.
I have two shirts. You can take either (one)
either - or
neither - nor
The twins were Max and Marc. Neither of them came to my party.
Teksti
14 More advanced. Translate.
1. It must be odd/weird/strange to move to a foreign country, especially because the customs and language may / might be very different.
2. My best friends were immigrants and (they) have had to learn many new things about their new home country.
3. It can’t have been easy, but they have been able / managed to succeed very well.
4. I’m not sure if I could / would be able to move abroad permanently. It might / could be pretty challenging.
5. If I had been allowed to travel abroad with my friends when I was young, I could / might have been braver / more brave to speak foreign languages.
6. My younger sister has always been allowed to do the things she has wanted to, but I have always had to obey the rules.
1. It must be odd/weird/strange to move to a foreign country, especially because the customs and language may / might be very different.
2. My best friends were immigrants and (they) have had to learn many new things about their new home country.
3. It can’t have been easy, but they have been able / managed to succeed very well.
4. I’m not sure if I could / would be able to move abroad permanently. It might / could be pretty challenging.
5. If I had been allowed to travel abroad with my friends when I was young, I could / might have been braver / more brave to speak foreign languages.
6. My younger sister has always been allowed to do the things she has wanted to, but I have always had to obey the rules.
Teksti
Glossary: society and health care
A Write down the word or phrase to fit the definition.
1. private sector
2. discrimination
3. immigration
4. home care
5. alienation
6. reimbursements
7. student allowance
8. health care
9. equality
10. social security
11. unemployment benefit
12. emigrant
13. citizenship
14. paternity leave
15. refugee
B Fill in according to the Finnish clues.
1. health care
2. Infant mortality
3. universal coverage / universal health coverage
4. health insurance
5. preventive care
6. specialists
7. referral
8. hospital stay
9. citizens
10. life expectancy
A Write down the word or phrase to fit the definition.
1. private sector
2. discrimination
3. immigration
4. home care
5. alienation
6. reimbursements
7. student allowance
8. health care
9. equality
10. social security
11. unemployment benefit
12. emigrant
13. citizenship
14. paternity leave
15. refugee
B Fill in according to the Finnish clues.
1. health care
2. Infant mortality
3. universal coverage / universal health coverage
4. health insurance
5. preventive care
6. specialists
7. referral
8. hospital stay
9. citizens
10. life expectancy
harjoitustehtäviä kokeeseen GLOSSARY-osioista
Glossary. Politics
Fill in the missing words in their correct form. (20 p.)
The United States of America (US) is a federal 1.____________ of fifty 2._________________ . The national 3. ____________________is divided into three branches, of which one governs 4._______________________ , and the other two are the 5. ______________________________ and judicial branches. The president nominates the members of the Cabinet.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a 6. ________________________ . All 7. _____________________ automatically get the monarch's approval before they become laws. The 8. ___________________________ has two houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The monarch selects the ministers on the advice of the 9. _______________________ . As prescribed in the 10. _____________________________ , the monarch stays above politics and does not make their personal views known.
- tasavalta
- osavaltio
- hallitus
- lainsäädäntö
- toimeenpaneva
- kuningaskunta
- lakiesitys
- eduskunta, parlamentti
- pääministeri
- perustuslaki
Glossary. Society and healthcare
Combine the meanings. (10 p.)
vanhempainvapaa =
maahanmuutto =
asumistuki =
vähemmistö =
maastamuuttaja =
kuntoutus =
syrjintä =
pakolainen =
kansalaisuus =
köyhyys =
pakolainen =
Glossary. Crime
Fill in according to the clues. (10 p.)
- I heard that they finally caught the____________________
tuhopolttaja
who set the church on fire last summer.
- Tourists have to watch out for _______________________.
taskuvarkaita
- It’s horrible how that ______________________________
ryöstäjä
assaulted our neighbor in broad daylight.
- I think the _______________________________ will be
vastaaja
found guilty. There is so much evidence against them.
- There were ___________________________________ in
tunkeilijoita
our house last night, but luckily the alarm went off and scared them away.
- The ______________________________ was convicted of
petturi
treason.
- I don’t want you hanging out with that Ben – he’s a real __________________________________ these days,
nuorisorikollinnen
vandalising places and harassing people.
- In espionage novels, the______________________________ is always some
vakooja
good-looking, charming character.
- It is up to the _____________________________ to
valamiehistö
decide if she has committed the crime.
- The ______________________________ allowed the
hakkerointi
criminals to block a government website.
ANSWERS:
Politics:
- republic
- states
- government
- legislation
- executive
- monarchy
- bills / proposals
- Parliament
- Prime Minister / prime minister
- Constitution / constitution
Society and health care:
rehabilitation
parental leave
citizenship
minority
discrimination
emigrant
immigration
housing benefit
poverty
refugee
Crime
- arsonist
- pickpockets
- mugger / robber
- defendant
- intruders
- traitor
- juvenile delinquent
- spy
- jury
- hacking
February 3rd, 2025
Homework for Wednesday, February 5th, 2025, exercise 6d p. 55, exercises 26 p. 177 & 28 p. 178; exercise 34 p. 192
RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND CLAUSES:
1) a) who = joka; jotka viittaa ihmiseen
Who is that girl who is eating a pizza over there?
b) whom = vanha objektimuoto; käytetään, jos prepositio on edellä
She is Linda to whom I write letters all the time.
= She is Linda (who(m)) I write letters to all the time.
c) whose = jonka; who-sanan genetiivimuoto
She is Linda whose sister is Laurie.
2) which viittaa ei-elolliseen, asioihin tai kokonaiseen lauseeseen
Linda baked a lemon pie, which was very tasty.
Linda passed the exam, which took us all by surprise. (tulee pilkku ja which, jos korrelaattina on koko edellinen lause)
She bought a house the roof of which was leaking.
= She bought a house whose roof was leaking.
= jonka katto
3) that a) voi viitata niin ihmisiin kuin ei-elollisiin asioihin b) sitä ennen ei ole preposiota c) sitä ennen ei ole pilkkua d) vrt ruotsin SOM
1) jos korrelaatissa on ALL
All (that) you need is love.
2) jos korrelaatissa on -thing-loppuinen pronomini (everything, something, anything, nothing)
Everything (that) you say could be used against you in the court of law.
He said something that surprised me greatly.
that on relatiivilauseen subjekti, joten sitä ei voi jättää pois
She wouldn't do anything that is against law.
She said nothing that I didn't know beforehand.
3) jos korrelaatissa on SUPERLATIIVI
It was the best film (that) I had ever seen.
4) jos korrelaatissa on järjestysluku
He was the third person that said the truth to her.
5) jos korrelaatissa on little, much, few
There is little (that) I can do for her.
4) WHAT = "se, mikä mitä" sisältää jo itsessään korrelaatin
What you said was very true.
My friends had to lend money to me.
My friends had to lend me money.
All Rome celebrated the new Pope.
The whole of Rome was covered with snow.
although = vaikka
RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND CLAUSES:
1) a) who = joka; jotka viittaa ihmiseen
Who is that girl who is eating a pizza over there?
b) whom = vanha objektimuoto; käytetään, jos prepositio on edellä
She is Linda to whom I write letters all the time.
= She is Linda (who(m)) I write letters to all the time.
c) whose = jonka; who-sanan genetiivimuoto
She is Linda whose sister is Laurie.
2) which viittaa ei-elolliseen, asioihin tai kokonaiseen lauseeseen
Linda baked a lemon pie, which was very tasty.
Linda passed the exam, which took us all by surprise. (tulee pilkku ja which, jos korrelaattina on koko edellinen lause)
She bought a house the roof of which was leaking.
= She bought a house whose roof was leaking.
= jonka katto
3) that a) voi viitata niin ihmisiin kuin ei-elollisiin asioihin b) sitä ennen ei ole preposiota c) sitä ennen ei ole pilkkua d) vrt ruotsin SOM
1) jos korrelaatissa on ALL
All (that) you need is love.
2) jos korrelaatissa on -thing-loppuinen pronomini (everything, something, anything, nothing)
Everything (that) you say could be used against you in the court of law.
He said something that surprised me greatly.
that on relatiivilauseen subjekti, joten sitä ei voi jättää pois
She wouldn't do anything that is against law.
She said nothing that I didn't know beforehand.
3) jos korrelaatissa on SUPERLATIIVI
It was the best film (that) I had ever seen.
4) jos korrelaatissa on järjestysluku
He was the third person that said the truth to her.
5) jos korrelaatissa on little, much, few
There is little (that) I can do for her.
4) WHAT = "se, mikä mitä" sisältää jo itsessään korrelaatin
What you said was very true.
My friends had to lend money to me.
My friends had to lend me money.
All Rome celebrated the new Pope.
The whole of Rome was covered with snow.
although = vaikka
Teksti
Translate.
1. Finland is a welfare state where/ in which everyone has an equal-length maternity leave and the right to communal day care.
2. Some minorities still face discrimination even though there are laws to ban that.
3. Refugees who flee war and poverty leave their own/home country to seek asylum elsewhere. 4. Would occupational health care have fewer clients if it focused more on preventive care?
1. Finland is a welfare state where/ in which everyone has an equal-length maternity leave and the right to communal day care.
2. Some minorities still face discrimination even though there are laws to ban that.
3. Refugees who flee war and poverty leave their own/home country to seek asylum elsewhere. 4. Would occupational health care have fewer clients if it focused more on preventive care?
February 5th, 2025
exercise 6d Complete the crossword with words from the wordlist. Across 1. research 2. reputation 3. salary 4. allow 5. require 6. acquaintance 7. regular 8. generous 9. cover 10. infant Down 11. grateful 12. determine 13. ordeal 14. pregnant 15. leave 16. general 17. encourage 18. insurance 19. agony 20. surgery
Teksti
Homework for Wednesday, February 10th, 2025, exercises A & B p. 49; exercise 33 p. 191, exercise 35 p. 193; ex. 7b p. 66
sometimes
resuscitate (v.) = elvyttää
(to) be in charge of s-g = (be) responsible for s-g = olla vastussa jstkn
Are you well? I was unwell.
vomit = throw up = puke
a disease
an illness
a sickness
a medical condition
arise, arose, arisen
drink-related
heart-related
kidney-related
a pickle
a cucumber
sometimes
resuscitate (v.) = elvyttää
(to) be in charge of s-g = (be) responsible for s-g = olla vastussa jstkn
Are you well? I was unwell.
vomit = throw up = puke
a disease
an illness
a sickness
a medical condition
arise, arose, arisen
drink-related
heart-related
kidney-related
a pickle
a cucumber
Teksti
1. that
2. which
3. some of which
4. that
5. most of whom
6. both of which
7. who
8. which
9. What
10. that
11. which
12. which
13. whose
14. who
15. most of which
The tradition of the Christmas pickle is one of the strangest Christmas customs that I've heard of. In the 1880s, Woolworth stores, which were a chain of department stores in the USA, started selling glass ornaments from Germany, some of which were shaped like fruits and vegetables. The pickle was said to be a special ornament. The first child that found the pickle on the Christmas tree got an extra present. However, my German friends, most of whom have heard this story from me, say it's not a German tradition at all! However, there are two stories, both of which link the pickle to Christmas. One is of a soldier who was born in Bavaria. He was a prisoner and starving. He asked a guard for one last pickle. The guard took pity on him, which meant he gave him a pickle. What happened was that the pickle gave the prisoner the strength to live on. The other story that is told to children is linked to St. Nicholas. When two boys stopped at an inn, the evil innkeeper killed them and put them in a pickle barrel. That same evening, during which St. Nicholas stopped at the inn, he found the boys and brought them back to life, which surprised everybody, of course. Actually, there is another legend whose plot is similar, but pickles aren't mentioned in it! So, it's likely that ornament salesmen, who had a lot of pickles to sell, most of which probably didn't look beautiful, invented the story of the Christmas pickle to sell the ugly ornaments. Or what do you think?
2. which
3. some of which
4. that
5. most of whom
6. both of which
7. who
8. which
9. What
10. that
11. which
12. which
13. whose
14. who
15. most of which
The tradition of the Christmas pickle is one of the strangest Christmas customs that I've heard of. In the 1880s, Woolworth stores, which were a chain of department stores in the USA, started selling glass ornaments from Germany, some of which were shaped like fruits and vegetables. The pickle was said to be a special ornament. The first child that found the pickle on the Christmas tree got an extra present. However, my German friends, most of whom have heard this story from me, say it's not a German tradition at all! However, there are two stories, both of which link the pickle to Christmas. One is of a soldier who was born in Bavaria. He was a prisoner and starving. He asked a guard for one last pickle. The guard took pity on him, which meant he gave him a pickle. What happened was that the pickle gave the prisoner the strength to live on. The other story that is told to children is linked to St. Nicholas. When two boys stopped at an inn, the evil innkeeper killed them and put them in a pickle barrel. That same evening, during which St. Nicholas stopped at the inn, he found the boys and brought them back to life, which surprised everybody, of course. Actually, there is another legend whose plot is similar, but pickles aren't mentioned in it! So, it's likely that ornament salesmen, who had a lot of pickles to sell, most of which probably didn't look beautiful, invented the story of the Christmas pickle to sell the ugly ornaments. Or what do you think?
February 10th, 2025
33
Translate into English. Your partner checks.
1. Love is everything/all (that) you (will) need.
2. Can you tell us again what you heard?
3. The train arrived late, which was annoying.
4. This was the best thing that has ever happened to me.
5. Something (that) mom said made me question my decision.
6. Forget everything/all (that) Mark said last night.
7. Nothing (that) he told you is true.
8. What / The thing that really makes me happy is your smile.
9. What's the first thing that we should do when we get home?
10. My best friend forgot my birthday, which was not typical of him/her/them at all.
Translate into English. Your partner checks.
1. Love is everything/all (that) you (will) need.
2. Can you tell us again what you heard?
3. The train arrived late, which was annoying.
4. This was the best thing that has ever happened to me.
5. Something (that) mom said made me question my decision.
6. Forget everything/all (that) Mark said last night.
7. Nothing (that) he told you is true.
8. What / The thing that really makes me happy is your smile.
9. What's the first thing that we should do when we get home?
10. My best friend forgot my birthday, which was not typical of him/her/them at all.
Teksti
35 More advanced. Turn the second sentence into a relative clause and make the necessary changes. The words that the relative pronouns should refer to are in italics. (Suggested)
1. Times Square has bright lights whose colours are beautiful / the colours of which are beautiful.
2. Classic pizza joints are packed with people who/that love pizza.
3. Coney Island has the best rides that children and adults alike enjoy.
4. Joggers prefer Central Park where / in which people often walk their dogs.
5. I'm not afraid of heights, which is why The Empire State Building fascinates me.
6. The 9/11 Memorial has waterfalls whose sound / the sound of which is soothing.
7. The West Village inhabitants are artists who/that want to live in a hip place.
8. The Guggenheim Museum of Art, whose specialty is modern art, / the specialty of which is modern art, was built in the form of a spiral.
1. Times Square has bright lights whose colours are beautiful / the colours of which are beautiful.
2. Classic pizza joints are packed with people who/that love pizza.
3. Coney Island has the best rides that children and adults alike enjoy.
4. Joggers prefer Central Park where / in which people often walk their dogs.
5. I'm not afraid of heights, which is why The Empire State Building fascinates me.
6. The 9/11 Memorial has waterfalls whose sound / the sound of which is soothing.
7. The West Village inhabitants are artists who/that want to live in a hip place.
8. The Guggenheim Museum of Art, whose specialty is modern art, / the specialty of which is modern art, was built in the form of a spiral.
Teksti
Homework for Wednesday, February 12th, 2025, exercise 7d p. 68, ex. 7 e p. 69; ex. 7g p. 70; exercise 30 p. 189 & exercise 32 p. 191; ex. A p. 86 & ex. B p. 87
a capital punishment / a death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
He committed a hidious crime.
Crime doesn't pay.
crimes against humanity
genocide
the Aryan race
ICC = International Criminal Court
the House of Representatives = edustajainhuone
the Senate (two Senators from each state)
She has a three-year-old son.
a well = kaivo
examine (v.) = tutkia (esim. lääkäri)
I'll have my eyes examined. = Minä tutkitutan silmäni.
a capital punishment / a death penalty = kuolemanrangaistus
He committed a hidious crime.
Crime doesn't pay.
crimes against humanity
genocide
the Aryan race
ICC = International Criminal Court
the House of Representatives = edustajainhuone
the Senate (two Senators from each state)
She has a three-year-old son.
a well = kaivo
examine (v.) = tutkia (esim. lääkäri)
I'll have my eyes examined. = Minä tutkitutan silmäni.
February 12th, 2025
steal, stole, stolen
a GP = a General Practioner
a physician
your primary care physician
abdominal pain
abdomen = stomach
a lump
victimize (v.)
an arson = tuhopoltto
an arsonist = tuhopolttaja
(to) be charged with s-g
Slobodan Milosevic was charged with genocide.
a GP = a General Practioner
a physician
your primary care physician
abdominal pain
abdomen = stomach
a lump
victimize (v.)
an arson = tuhopoltto
an arsonist = tuhopolttaja
(to) be charged with s-g
Slobodan Milosevic was charged with genocide.