Lauseenvastikkeet

Lauseenvastikkeet (=Shortened sentences)

- tuovat tiiviyttä ja vaihtelua lauserakenteisiin
- tärkeitä tunnistaa tekstistä, vaikket itse niitä käyttäisikään
(jotta ymmärrät ja osaat suomentaa rakenteen oikein)

Kun sivulause lyhenee lauseenvastikkeeksi, tapahtuu seuraavaa…

PERUSSÄÄNTÖ:

1) AKTIIVILAUSE
When I met you, I fell in love. > Meeting you, I fell in love. ("Tavatessani...")

- verbi ING-muotoon
- subjekti pois (jos sama kuin päälauseessa!)
- konjunktio /pronomini pois (yleensä, paitsi jos tapahtumien
aikajärjestys sekoaa ilman sitä)

2) PASSIIVILAUSE
When he was taken home, he fell asleep. > Taken home, he fell asleep. ("Kotiin vietäessä...")

- verbin 3. muoto (ilman BE-verbiä)
- subjekti pois (kuten aktiivissa)
- konjunktio / pronomini pois (yleensä, kuten aktiivissa)

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ERIAIKAISET TAPAHTUMAT
Jos muunnettava sivulause on aikamuodoltaan perfekti tai pluskvamperfekti:

AKTIIVI
perfekti + pluskvamperfekti > HAVING + 3. muoto
After they had found him, they called his parents. > Having found him they called…
["Löydettyään..."]

PASSIIVI
perfekti + pluskvamperfekti > HAVING BEEN + 3. muoto
After we had been robbed, we called the police > (Having been) robbed, we called … ["Tultuamme ryöstetyiksi..."]

Muunnostehtävä

Kirjaudu sisään lähettääksesi tämän lomakkeen

Muuta sivulauseet lauseenvastikkeiksi. Täydennä puuttuvat osat!
(voit vastata pienillä tai ISOILLA kirjaimilla; jätä mahdollinen PISTE pois)

1. WHEN I STARTED at my new job, I had no idea what to do.
at my new job, I had no idea what to do. ["Aloittaessani..."]

2. People WHO LIVE IN THE COUNTRY often have to travel longer distances to get to school.
People often have to travel longer distances to get to school.

3. English and French are the two official languages THAT ARE SPOKEN in Canada.
English and French are the two official languages in Canada.

4. Human bones WHICH WERE FOUND in Africa were at least 100,000 years old.
Human bones in Africa were at least 100,000 years old.

5. AFTER I HAD EATEN, I decided to take a short walk.
, I decided to take a short walk. W

6. BECAUSE I WANTED to spend time with my friends, I decided not to read for the test.
to spend time with my friends, I decided not to read for the test.

7. ALTHOUGH IT WAS SENT from the USA, the shirt arrived in two weeks.
from the USA, the shirt arrived in two weeks. ["Vaikka se lähetettiin..."]

8. I worked hard last summer AND MADE enough money for a trip to Denmark.
I worked hard last summer, enough money for a trip to Denmark.

9. AS I LOOKED out of the window, I could see the sun rising.
out of the window, I could see the sun rising. ["Katsoessani..."]

10. I checked that I had switched off the lights BEFORE I LOCKED THE DOOR.
I checked that I had switched off the lights .

Kirjaudu sisään lähettääksesi tämän lomakkeen

Muunnostehtävä (sivulause > lauseenvastike)