Exercises

19/1. Right or wrong?

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Are the statements correct or incorrect?

1. Genesa) There are genes in the skin cells.

b) Genes are hereditary factors.

c) Egg and sperm cells both contain genes.

d) Genes influence the development of many traits.


2. Chromosomes and genesa) Chromosomes are found in the nucleus.

b) Each chromosome contains a single gene.

c) Size order from largest to smallest: cell, nucleus, chromosome, gene.


3. Germ cellsa) Germ cells have the same number of chromosomes as any other cells.

b) The sex of the embryo is determined during embryonic development.

c) The sperm cell contains 22 chromosomes as well as a sex chromosome, which can be either X or Y.

d) If a sperm with the chromosome X fertilizes an ovum, the fertilized ovum has sex chromosomes XX.

e) A fertilized egg with sex chromosomes XX develops into a girl through cell divisions and cell differentiation..

f) A child becomes a boy if a sperm with the chromosome Y fertilizes the egg.


4. Identical twinsa) The genotype of identical twins is 100% identical.

b) The phenotype of identical twins is 100% identical.

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19/2. Chromosome structure and DNA

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1. Where are chromosomes located?






2. What does a chromosome contain?



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19/2. Choose the correct statements

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Mark the correct statements.

1. Chromosomes contain




2. Chromosomes are located




3. Chromosomes are found




4. The stem cell of a gamete contains the following sex chromosomes:





5. Egg cells have the following sex chromosomes:




6. Sperm cells have the following sex chromosomes.





7. The genotype




8. The phenotype




9. Identical twins




10. Individual development is not affected by


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19/4. Questions

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a) How is a child's biological sex determined?

b) Why are identical twins often so similar?

c) Why don't identical twins sometimes even look alike?

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19/5. Draw

1) Draw and label a sperm cell with a nucleus and 23 chromosomes. Color the chromosomes blue.
2) Draw and label an ovum with a nucleus and 23 chromosomes. Color the chromosomes red.
3) Draw a fertilized egg with 46 chromosomes. Color the chromosomes. Which are the sex chromosomes in your drawing?
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