The Mediterranean region cannot accommodate large mammal species. This is because the area lacks forests. Most Mediterranean forests were cut down thousands of years ago.

However, the climate and vegetation of the Mediterranean region is very suitable for reptiles. Many kinds of snakes can be found in the region. 

The shrub-like vegetation also accommodates many kinds of small birds. 

Chameleon lizards and turtles can also be found in the islands of the Mediterranean. The rocks of Gibraltar are home to the only European monkey species, the Barbary macaque.