5.24
a)
![HCOOH\left(aq\right)+H_2O\left(l\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}HCOO^-\left(aq\right)+H_3O^+\left(aq\right)](https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=HCOOH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DHCOO%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright))
%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20HCOO%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright))
%2BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20HCOOH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright))
b)
lasketaan alkukonsentraatiot
kun lisätään happoa, tasapainoyhtälö siirtyy lähtöaineiden suuntaan
kun lisätään emästä, tasapainoyhtälö siirtyy reaktiotuotteiden suuntaan
lasketaan alkukonsentraatiot
%3D%5Cfrac%7B15mmol%7D%7B75ml%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D2%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D)
%3D%5Cfrac%7B8%7B%2C%7D5mmol%7D%7B75ml%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D11333...%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D)
tasapainotilassa oksoniumionikonsentraatio on yhtä suuri kuin )
taulukko
%26H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%26HCOO%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%26H_3O%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0Ac_%7Balku%7D%260%7B%2C%7D2%26%260%7B%2C%7D1133...%260%5C%5C%0Amuutos%26-x%26%26%2Bx%26%2Bx%5C%5C%0Ac_%7Btasap%7D%26%26%26%26%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D)
![K_a=\frac{\left[HCOO^-\right]\left[H_3O^+\right]}{\left[HCOOH\right]}{,}\ x=0{,}000032](https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_a%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BHCOO%5E-%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BHCOOH%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%2C%7D%5C%20x%3D0%7B%2C%7D000032)
![\left[H_3O^+\right]=3{,}2\cdot10^{-5}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}](https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D%3D3%7B%2C%7D2%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-5%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D)
![pH=-\lg\left[H_3O^+\right]=4{,}49850...\approx4{,}50](https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=pH%3D-%5Clg%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D%3D4%7B%2C%7D49850...%5Capprox4%7B%2C%7D50)