October 23, 2025
HW ex. 2 lauseet 7 - 16, ex. 4 p. 161; ex. A & B p. 93
relatiivilauseiden vastikkeet
a) The woman who sings on this record has a fine voice.
aktiivinen: -ing-muodolla
The woman singing on this record has a fine voice.
b) Tomatoes that are grown in Iceland are most delicious.
Tomatoes grown in Iceland are most delicious.
c) Yuri Gagarin was the first man that flew in space.
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly in space.
infinitiivillä, jos edellä on only, next, last, superlatiivi tai järjestysluku
The nicest thing that happened to me was the fireworks at my birthday party.
The nicest thing to happen to me was the fireworks at my birthday party.
d) Who is that woman that is wearing a red dress?
= Who is that woman in the red dress?
voi lyhentää prepositiorakenteella
2. aikaa ilmaisevat l. temporaaliset sivulauseet
(after, before, when, while)
Before I ordered my meal, I read the menu carefully.
= Before ordering my meal, I read the menu carefully.
After I had had my breakfast, I took a shower.
= After having my breakfast, I took a shower.
= Having had my breakfast, I took a shower.
When we entered the restaurant, we saw that it was quite full.
(When) entering the restaurant, we saw that it was quite full.
On entering the restaurant, we saw that it was quite full.
While I was waiting for my flight, I was reading a good book.
= While waiting for my flight, I was reading a good book.
3. ehtolausetta korvaavat l. konditionaaliset
(if, unless)
If the weather is good, we can go on a picnic.
= The weather being good, we can go on a picnic.
Unless the milk is kept in the fridge, it will go sour.
Unless kept in the fridge, the milk will go sour.
4. syytä ilmaisevat l. kausaaliset
(as, because, since)
As / because / since Marc had missed the last bus, he got home very late.
= Missing the last bus, Marc got home very late.
As / because / since he didn't want to wake up the others, he tiptoed to his room.
= Not wanting to wake up the others, he tiptoed to his room.
5. myönnytystä ilmaisevat l. konsessiiviset
(although)
Although he is 103 years old, he still goes to the gym.
= Though being 103 years old, he still goes to the gym.
NB!
God willing, we'll meet again.
= If God so wills, ...
Judging by her face, she didn't pass the driving test.
Generally speaking, climate change is the biggest threat humanity is facing.
relatiivilauseiden vastikkeet
a) The woman who sings on this record has a fine voice.
aktiivinen: -ing-muodolla
The woman singing on this record has a fine voice.
b) Tomatoes that are grown in Iceland are most delicious.
Tomatoes grown in Iceland are most delicious.
c) Yuri Gagarin was the first man that flew in space.
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly in space.
infinitiivillä, jos edellä on only, next, last, superlatiivi tai järjestysluku
The nicest thing that happened to me was the fireworks at my birthday party.
The nicest thing to happen to me was the fireworks at my birthday party.
d) Who is that woman that is wearing a red dress?
= Who is that woman in the red dress?
voi lyhentää prepositiorakenteella
2. aikaa ilmaisevat l. temporaaliset sivulauseet
(after, before, when, while)
Before I ordered my meal, I read the menu carefully.
= Before ordering my meal, I read the menu carefully.
After I had had my breakfast, I took a shower.
= After having my breakfast, I took a shower.
= Having had my breakfast, I took a shower.
When we entered the restaurant, we saw that it was quite full.
(When) entering the restaurant, we saw that it was quite full.
On entering the restaurant, we saw that it was quite full.
While I was waiting for my flight, I was reading a good book.
= While waiting for my flight, I was reading a good book.
3. ehtolausetta korvaavat l. konditionaaliset
(if, unless)
If the weather is good, we can go on a picnic.
= The weather being good, we can go on a picnic.
Unless the milk is kept in the fridge, it will go sour.
Unless kept in the fridge, the milk will go sour.
4. syytä ilmaisevat l. kausaaliset
(as, because, since)
As / because / since Marc had missed the last bus, he got home very late.
= Missing the last bus, Marc got home very late.
As / because / since he didn't want to wake up the others, he tiptoed to his room.
= Not wanting to wake up the others, he tiptoed to his room.
5. myönnytystä ilmaisevat l. konsessiiviset
(although)
Although he is 103 years old, he still goes to the gym.
= Though being 103 years old, he still goes to the gym.
NB!
God willing, we'll meet again.
= If God so wills, ...
Judging by her face, she didn't pass the driving test.
Generally speaking, climate change is the biggest threat humanity is facing.