February 4th, 2026
HW ex. 32, 33 & 34 p. 191 - 192
RELATIVE PRONOUNS and CLAUSES:
1. a) who = joka; jotka; VIITTAA IHMISEEN
b) whom
c) whose
Marc is a doctor who always keeps his word.
a doctor = antecedent = korrelaatti = se sana (tai lauseenosa tai kokonainen lause), johon relatiivipronomini viittaa
Pauli Pöyhönen and Toni Jäntti are cardiologists who(m) I trust.
b) whom = who-sanan objektimuoto; sitä on käytettävä, jos who-sanaa ennen on prepositio
This is the obstetrician to whom I spoke.
= This is the obstetrician (who(m)) I spoke to.
I met two neurologists, both of whom were foreigners.
I consulted many doctors, none of whom could help me.
c) whose = jonka; joiden; genetiivi- eli omistusmuoto
I went to see a cardiologist whose name was Anna Mari Hekkala.
Children whose parents work too hard may feel lonely.
2. WHICH = joka; mikä viittaa ei-elolliseen, elottomiin olioihin; asioihin, esineisiin
I saw the gown which surgeons wear in operation theatres.
I don't want to wear clothes which cost very much.
She passed the exam with flying colours, which surprised us all.
kun koko lause on korrelaattina, tulee pilkku ja which
I bought a house the roof of which was leaking. = I bought a house whose roof was leaking.
a witch = noita
3. THAT viittaa ihmisiin ja asioihin; sitä ennen EI OLE pilkkua
The bus (that) I took was full.
The passengers that were on the bus looked tired.
a) jos korrelaatissa on sana all
All (that) you need is love.
b) jos korrelaatissa on -thing-loppuinen pronomini
Everything (that) you say can be used against you in court of law.
I can't remember anything that happened. that-pronominia ei voi jättää pois, koska se on relatiivilauseen subjekti
He said something that surprised me.
Nothing (that) you say can make me change my mind.
c) jos korrelaatissa on järjestysluku tai superlatiivi
Charles Lindbergh was the first person that flew solo across the Atlantic.
It was the most exciting novel (that) I have ever read.
d) jos korrelaatissa on sana little, much, few, last tai only
There is little (that) we can do.
There isn't much that can be done.
4. WHAT = "se, mikä"
What we need is love.
What happened was an accident.
This is what he said.
the weather
whether = -ko, -kö
a gynaecologist (n.)
RELATIVE PRONOUNS and CLAUSES:
1. a) who = joka; jotka; VIITTAA IHMISEEN
b) whom
c) whose
Marc is a doctor who always keeps his word.
a doctor = antecedent = korrelaatti = se sana (tai lauseenosa tai kokonainen lause), johon relatiivipronomini viittaa
Pauli Pöyhönen and Toni Jäntti are cardiologists who(m) I trust.
b) whom = who-sanan objektimuoto; sitä on käytettävä, jos who-sanaa ennen on prepositio
This is the obstetrician to whom I spoke.
= This is the obstetrician (who(m)) I spoke to.
I met two neurologists, both of whom were foreigners.
I consulted many doctors, none of whom could help me.
c) whose = jonka; joiden; genetiivi- eli omistusmuoto
I went to see a cardiologist whose name was Anna Mari Hekkala.
Children whose parents work too hard may feel lonely.
2. WHICH = joka; mikä viittaa ei-elolliseen, elottomiin olioihin; asioihin, esineisiin
I saw the gown which surgeons wear in operation theatres.
I don't want to wear clothes which cost very much.
She passed the exam with flying colours, which surprised us all.
kun koko lause on korrelaattina, tulee pilkku ja which
I bought a house the roof of which was leaking. = I bought a house whose roof was leaking.
a witch = noita
3. THAT viittaa ihmisiin ja asioihin; sitä ennen EI OLE pilkkua
The bus (that) I took was full.
The passengers that were on the bus looked tired.
a) jos korrelaatissa on sana all
All (that) you need is love.
b) jos korrelaatissa on -thing-loppuinen pronomini
Everything (that) you say can be used against you in court of law.
I can't remember anything that happened. that-pronominia ei voi jättää pois, koska se on relatiivilauseen subjekti
He said something that surprised me.
Nothing (that) you say can make me change my mind.
c) jos korrelaatissa on järjestysluku tai superlatiivi
Charles Lindbergh was the first person that flew solo across the Atlantic.
It was the most exciting novel (that) I have ever read.
d) jos korrelaatissa on sana little, much, few, last tai only
There is little (that) we can do.
There isn't much that can be done.
4. WHAT = "se, mikä"
What we need is love.
What happened was an accident.
This is what he said.
the weather
whether = -ko, -kö
a gynaecologist (n.)