May 13th, 2026
HW: ex. 81 p. 297, ex. 83 p. 298, ex. 86 p. 304, ex. 11d & 11e p. 96
THE PASSIVE VOICE:
kaava: be + teeman 3. muoto
be-verbistä näkyy passiivin aikamuoto (preesens, imperfekti, perfekti, pluskvamperfekti, futuuri...) ja teeman 3. muoto (joka säännöllisillä verbeillä -ed-päätteinen) on passiivin tunnus:
build, built, built
eat, ate, eaten
1. yleispreesens
AKTIIVI PASSIIVI
Dad eats a cake. A cake is eaten by Dad.
2. kestopreesens
Dad is eating a cake. A cake is being eaten by Dad.
3. yleisimperfekti
Dad ate a cake. A cake was eaten by Dad.
4. kestoimperfekti
Dad was eating a cake. A cake was being eaten by Dad.
5. yleisperfekti
Dad has eaten a cake. A cake has been eaten by Dad.
6. kestoperfekti
Dad has been eating a cake. -----
7. yleispluskvamperfekti
Dad had eaten a cake. A cake had been eaten by Dad.
8. kestopluskvamperfekti
Dad had been eating a cake. -----
9. I futuuri
Dad will eat a cake. A cake will be eaten by Dad.
HUOMIOITA PERSOONAPRONOMINEISTA:
1) I = minä (kirjoitetaan AINA isolla kirjaimella)
Who am I?
2) Who are you? (kirjoitetaan AINA pienellä kirjaimella paitsi ei tietenkään lauseen alussa)
3) He and his wife are nice people.
She and her daughter came to visit us.
4) He's a nice man. = He is a nice man.
he's = he has; He's been living here since 2015. = He has been living here since 2015.
5) She's a beautiful girl. = She is a beautiful girl.
She and her daughter are Russian.
6) Art and its beauty are important to me. = Taide ja sen kauneus ovat tärkeitä minulle.
It's rainy. = It is rainy.
It's been raining lately. = It has been raining lately.
7) refleksiiviverbejä:
1. behave oneself = käyttäytyä kunnolla
Behave yourselves, boys! = Käyttäytykää kunnolla, pojat!
2. defend oneself = puolustautua
I have to defend myself.
3. enjoy oneself = pitää hauskaa
They enjoyed themselves- = They had fun. = They had a good / great time.
4. help oneself to s-g = ottaa vapaasti; tarjoutua itse
Help yourselves to some more cake. = Please, take some more cake.
5. hurt oneself = loukata itsensä
He hurt himself doing sports many times.
6. introduce oneself = esittäytyä
Ms Smith will introduce herself to everyone.
7. make oneself at home = olla kuin kotonaan; tehdä olonsa kotoisaksi
Make yourself at home.
8. prepare oneself = valmistautua
We prepared ourselves for the final exams.
9. pride oneself on s-g = ylpeillä jstkn
He prided himself on his achievements.
Jos on adjektiivi, tulee it; jos on substantiivi, tulee there:
It was foggy.
There was a strange fog.
There were dark clouds in the sky.
cf It was cloudy.
a haunted house = kummitustalo
Isn't there any milk left? = Eikö maitoa olekaan jäljellä?
She is an eight-year-old girl. = She is a girl who is eight years old.
THE PASSIVE VOICE:
kaava: be + teeman 3. muoto
be-verbistä näkyy passiivin aikamuoto (preesens, imperfekti, perfekti, pluskvamperfekti, futuuri...) ja teeman 3. muoto (joka säännöllisillä verbeillä -ed-päätteinen) on passiivin tunnus:
build, built, built
eat, ate, eaten
1. yleispreesens
AKTIIVI PASSIIVI
Dad eats a cake. A cake is eaten by Dad.
2. kestopreesens
Dad is eating a cake. A cake is being eaten by Dad.
3. yleisimperfekti
Dad ate a cake. A cake was eaten by Dad.
4. kestoimperfekti
Dad was eating a cake. A cake was being eaten by Dad.
5. yleisperfekti
Dad has eaten a cake. A cake has been eaten by Dad.
6. kestoperfekti
Dad has been eating a cake. -----
7. yleispluskvamperfekti
Dad had eaten a cake. A cake had been eaten by Dad.
8. kestopluskvamperfekti
Dad had been eating a cake. -----
9. I futuuri
Dad will eat a cake. A cake will be eaten by Dad.
HUOMIOITA PERSOONAPRONOMINEISTA:
1) I = minä (kirjoitetaan AINA isolla kirjaimella)
Who am I?
2) Who are you? (kirjoitetaan AINA pienellä kirjaimella paitsi ei tietenkään lauseen alussa)
3) He and his wife are nice people.
She and her daughter came to visit us.
4) He's a nice man. = He is a nice man.
he's = he has; He's been living here since 2015. = He has been living here since 2015.
5) She's a beautiful girl. = She is a beautiful girl.
She and her daughter are Russian.
6) Art and its beauty are important to me. = Taide ja sen kauneus ovat tärkeitä minulle.
It's rainy. = It is rainy.
It's been raining lately. = It has been raining lately.
7) refleksiiviverbejä:
1. behave oneself = käyttäytyä kunnolla
Behave yourselves, boys! = Käyttäytykää kunnolla, pojat!
2. defend oneself = puolustautua
I have to defend myself.
3. enjoy oneself = pitää hauskaa
They enjoyed themselves- = They had fun. = They had a good / great time.
4. help oneself to s-g = ottaa vapaasti; tarjoutua itse
Help yourselves to some more cake. = Please, take some more cake.
5. hurt oneself = loukata itsensä
He hurt himself doing sports many times.
6. introduce oneself = esittäytyä
Ms Smith will introduce herself to everyone.
7. make oneself at home = olla kuin kotonaan; tehdä olonsa kotoisaksi
Make yourself at home.
8. prepare oneself = valmistautua
We prepared ourselves for the final exams.
9. pride oneself on s-g = ylpeillä jstkn
He prided himself on his achievements.
Jos on adjektiivi, tulee it; jos on substantiivi, tulee there:
It was foggy.
There was a strange fog.
There were dark clouds in the sky.
cf It was cloudy.
a haunted house = kummitustalo
Isn't there any milk left? = Eikö maitoa olekaan jäljellä?
She is an eight-year-old girl. = She is a girl who is eight years old.