Many couples (1/6) are involuntarily childless. The reason may be in the reproductive system of either the woman or the man. Infertility treatments can be used to treat infertility. Hormone therapy can speed up the production of eggs or sperm. In artificial insemination, a doctor inserts sperm directly into a woman's cervix, fallopian tubes, or uterus.

Fallopian tube obstruction is a major cause of female infertility. Blocked fallopian tubes are unable to let the ovum and the sperm converge. When this is the case, in vitro fertilization (IVF) can be carried out. Oocyte production is accelerated by hormones and taken from the ovary through the abdominal coverings. They are fertilized with the father’s semen in a “test tube”.

Fertilized ova and embryos developed from them are grown in cell culture cabinets under strictly controlled conditions until the day of embryo transfer. After the embryo has formed, it is transferred to the woman's uterus. Extra embryos are frozen in storage. Hormone therapies are used in artificial insemination, and the success of the process is often uncertain. Therefore, frozen embryos are usually needed.

Infertility can also be caused by a lack of eggs or sperm. When this is the case, donated germ cells can be used.