Teksti
PART C
What happened to Mitochondrial Eve’s people next? Choose the best alternative.
2. ____________________________________. […]
But the long march went on. Some seventy-five thousand years ago, a group of humans arrived 3. _________________________ the northeastern edge of Ethiopia or Egypt, where the Red Sea 4. _______________________________________ to a slitlike strait between the shrugged shoulder of Africa and the downward elbow of the Yemeni peninsula. There was 5. _________________________________ there to part the ocean. We do not know what drove these men and women to fling themselves across the water, or how they managed to cross it (the sea was shallower then, and some geologists have wondered 6. _____________________________ chains of sandbar islands spanned the strait along which our ancestors hopscotched their way to Asia and Europe.) A volcano had erupted in Toba, Indonesia, about seventy thousand years ago, 7. __________________________________ enough dark ash into the skies to launch a decades-long winter that 8. ________________________________________________________ a desperate search for new food and land.
But the long march went on. Some seventy-five thousand years ago, a group of humans arrived 3. _________________________ the northeastern edge of Ethiopia or Egypt, where the Red Sea 4. _______________________________________ to a slitlike strait between the shrugged shoulder of Africa and the downward elbow of the Yemeni peninsula. There was 5. _________________________________ there to part the ocean. We do not know what drove these men and women to fling themselves across the water, or how they managed to cross it (the sea was shallower then, and some geologists have wondered 6. _____________________________ chains of sandbar islands spanned the strait along which our ancestors hopscotched their way to Asia and Europe.) A volcano had erupted in Toba, Indonesia, about seventy thousand years ago, 7. __________________________________ enough dark ash into the skies to launch a decades-long winter that 8. ________________________________________________________ a desperate search for new food and land.
Others have proposed that multiple dispersals, 9. ________________________ suggests that 10. ______________________________two independent crossings occurred. The earliest crossing occurred 130,000 years ago. The migrants landed in the Middle East and took a “beachcomber” route through Asia, hugging the coast toward India and then fanning out southward toward Burma, Malaysia, and Indonesia. A later crossing happened 11. ___________________________________, about sixty thousand years ago. These migrants moved north into Europe, where they 12. _____________________________________ Neanderthals. Either route used the Yemeni peninsula as its hub. This is the true “melting pot” of the human genome.
What is certain is that every perilous ocean-crossing left hardly 13. ________________________________ survivors – perhaps as 14. ___________________ as six hundred men and women. Europeans, Asians, Australians, and Americans are the 15. _________________________
What is certain is that every perilous ocean-crossing left hardly 13. ________________________________ survivors – perhaps as 14. ___________________ as six hundred men and women. Europeans, Asians, Australians, and Americans are the 15. _________________________
of these drastic bottlenecks, and this corkscrew of history too has left 16. ____________________________ signature in our genomes. In a genetic sense, nearly all of us who emerged out of Africa, gasping for land and air, are even more closely yoked than previously imagined. We were on the same boat, brother.