INFINITIIVEJÄ eli verbin perusmuotoja on ainakin kahdeksan kappaletta:

 AKTIIVISSA 1. to give: I want to give you something.
2. give: I must give a speech in public.
3. to have given: He claimed to have given all his best to the project.
4. have given: He would have given her money if he had had some.
PASSIIIVISSA 5. to be given: I want to be given another chance.
6. be given: He should be given another chance.
7. to have been given: He claimed to have been given another chance.
8. have been given: He should have been given another chance if he had asked for it.

INFINITIIVI:
AKTIIVISSA: to love: I want to love everybody.
love: We must love one another.
to have loved: He claimed to have loved his family.
have loved: He would have loved his wife if she hadn't nagged at him.
PASSIIVISSA: to be loved: "I want to be loved by you, nobody else but you..."
be loved: He should be loved by his family.
to have been loved: He claimed to have been loved by colleagues.
have been loved: He may have been loved by all the relatives.

Yleensä infintiivissä on TO-partikkeli; e.g. I always try to do my best.

Tilanteita, milloin EI TULE to-partikkelia on seuraavat tilanteet:

1) verbin edellä on modaalinen apuverbi: will / would; shall / should; can / could; may / might; must; joskus dare & need apuvebeinä:
e.g. You may go now. May I be excused? (pöydästä poistuttaessa)
What shall we do?
He should come any time.
He could have done it if he had had time.
How dare you say things like that!
You needn't have bothered.

2) make / let aktiivissa
He made me cry.
She always makes me laugh.
Let's go. = Let us go.
They let me go.
toisella teettäminen: have s-b do s-g
I'll have a doctor examine my eyes. = I'll ask a doctor to examine my eyes.
usein: help s-d do s-g: Marc helped me carry the bags.

3. aistihavaintoverbit aktiivissa: feel / hear / notice / observe / see / smell / watch
We heard people talk about it.
Dave felt his heart jump.
I saw Marc go out.
I smelt / smelled something burn.
-ing-muoto on myös mahdollinen; tosi joskus tulee pienoinen merkityksen muutos:
I saw a little girl cross the street. = Näin pikkutytön ylittävän kadun.
I saw a little girl crossing the street. = Näin pikkutytön ylittämässä katua.

4. yleensä kysymyssanaan liittyy to-partikkeli, mutta ei WHY-sanaan
Why bother?
I don't know why go there at all.
Why not toss the coin, Mr Corleone?

5. GO-verbi
Go wash your hands.
"Go tell it on the mountain over the hills and everywhere..." (= a famous gospel)

6. idiomaattiset sanonnat
a) HAD BETTER: I had better go now.
I had better NOT GO there. = Minun olisi parempi olla menemättä sinne.
I had not better go there. = I hadn't better go there.
b) DO NOTHING BUT: My Dad did nothing but sleep.
Lauria does nothing but read.
c) RATHER THAN: Rather than work all day you had better go out.
He slept rather than work. = Hän nukkui mieluummin kuin teki töitä.

ING - muoto:

1. subjektina
Living is sometimes easy.

2. predikatiivina
Knowing you is loving you.

3. tietyt verbit vaativat gerundia eli ING-muotoa
can't help: I can't help falling in love with you.
= I can't help but fall in love with you. = En voi olla rakastumatta Sinuun.
I couldn't help falling in love with him.
= I couldn't help but fall in love with him. = En voinut illa rakastumatta häneen.
can't stand: I can't stand lying and I can't stand being lied to. = En voi sietää valehtelua ja en voi sietää sitä, että minulle valehdellaan.
dislike: I dislike being yelled at. = En pidä siitä, että minulle huudetaan.
enjoy: What do you enjoy doing?
I enjoy reading.
Tuija enjoys playing the violin.
fancy / feel like: I fancy / feel like eating pizza now.
mind: Do you mind opening the window? = Viitsitkö aukaista ikkunan?
need: NB! This house needs painting. = This house needs to be painted.
My hair needs cutting. = My hair needs to be cut.
miss: I missed swimming in the lake. = Kaipasin järvessä uimista
practise: I practised singing for many years.
risk: He risked being caught. = Hän otti sen riskin, että jäisi kiinni.

d) lopettamista ja tuonnemmaksi lykkäämistä tarkoittavat verbit:

avoid: Avoid disturbing him.
end up: He ended up being in prison for the rest of his life. = Hän päätyi olemaan vankilassa koko loppuikänsä.
escape: He escaped being caught. = Hän välttyi jäämästä kiinni.
finish: What time did you finish working?
give up: He finally gave up drinking / smoking after having done it for forty years.
leave off: I have decided to leave off eating red meat for a while.
postpone = put off: They put off meeting one another. = They postponed meeting one another.
quit: He quit / quitted going to school.
stop: He stopped smoking / drinking.

NB! lopettamisen vastakohta eli jatkaminen
go on: She went on singing.
keep (on): He kept (on) working.

4. preposition jälkeen verbi on -ing-muodossa:
You are good good at playing the violin.
He is interested in reading. = He is keen on reading. = He is into reading.
Without saying anything he left the room.
By doing we learn.
Matthew's friend David has succeeded in achieving and keeping his ideal body weight.

5. idiomaattisia sanontoja
a) It is no use crying over the spilt milk.
b) It is no good watching TV tonight.
c) There is no point in watching TV.
d) It is not worthwhile watching TV.
e) Paul Auster's novel 4321 is worth reading.
The movie Never Alone is worth seeing / watching.
f) There is nothing like sleeping late in the mornings.

6. lauseenvastikkeissa:
After I had read the paper, I took a shower.
= Having read the paper, I took a shower.
After reading the paper, I  took a shower.
Having been given a suspended sentence, Marc tried his best to avoid committing crimes. = As / Because / Since he had been given a suspended sentence, Marc tried his best to avoid committing crimes. = Koska Marcille oli annettu ehdollinen tuomio, hän teki parhaansa välttääkseen rikoksien tekemistä.

I am used / accustomed to getting up at 7 am.
2. (to) get used to doing s-g = tottua jhnkn
He got used to getting up at 6 am.
3. (to) look forward to doing s-g = odottaa innokkaasti jtkn
I am looking forward to meeting / seeing you soon again.
4. to devote oneself / one's life to doing s-g = omistautua tekemään jtkn
Mother Theresa devoted herself / her life to helping the poor and less fortunate in Calcutta.
5. object to doing s-g = vastustaa jnkn tekemistä
I do object to being charged for parking here. = Minä todellakin vastustan sitä, että minua veloitetaan siitä, että parkkeeraan täällä.
She objected us smoking at her home.

remember:
Remember to buy milk when you go grocery shopping. (viittaa tulevaan: Muista ostaa...)
regret:
"We regret to inform you..."
I regret saying things like that. = Kadun sanoneeni mitään sellaista.
NB! ought to on poikkeuksellinen apuverbi, jossa on to-partikkeli:
We ought to help the poor and the less fortunate.
I ought to have been helped.

There is nothing to do. = Ei ole mitään tekemistä.
There is nothing to be done. = Ei ole mitään tehtävissä.


THAT-lause: kun esim. edellä believe / know / think:
We believe (that) the Earth is round, not flat.
I know (that) you are right.
He thought (that) I was right.

I am known to be / to have been right.