October 21st, 2026
HW ex. 9 p. 155; ex. 13 p. 158; ex. 14 p. 159; ex. 4Ab p. 35 (ex. 4Ac & d p. 35)
vaikuttaa: affect; influence; impact; impress (kun on VERBI, ei tule prepositiota mukaan)
Marc affected me / influenced me / impacted me / impressed greatly.
MUTTA: have an effect on s-b / have an influence on s-b / have an impact on s-b / make an impression on s-b (kun on on substantiivi (an effecr; an influence; an impact; an impression, tulee prepositio on mukaan)
My Father had a big effect on me / had a great influence on me / had a huge impact on me / made a great impression on me when I was a child.
3. MUST = täytyy; pitää; on varmaan(kin)
Mom number 1: "I must go to the hospital to see my child." (sisäinen pakko menna katsomaan lasta sairaalassa)
Mom number 2: "I have to go to the hospital to see my child." (ulkoinen pakko mennä katsomaan lasta sairaalassa)
MUST = on preesens; myös futuuri
I must go now.
Tomorrow I must go to the dentist.
NB! must not = mustn't = EI SAA
You mustn't smoke here.
1. KORVAAVA MUOTO: (to) have to do s-g
preesens:
I have to go now. I must go now.
imperfekti:
I had to go. = Minun täytyi mennä.
perfekti:
I have had to go. = Minun on täytynyt mennä.
pluskvamperfekti:
I had had to go. = Minun oli täytynyt mennä.
I futuuri:
I will have to go. I must go.
I konditionaali:
I would have to go.
II konditionaali:
I would have had to go. = Minun olisi täytynyt mennä.
MUITA KORVAAVIA MUOTOJA:
2. (to) be forced: He was forced to leave his country during the war.
3. (to) be compelled: The general was compelled to retire.
4. (to) be obliged: I feel I am obliged to stay with him.
5. (to) be to: What am I to do with him?
6. it's necessary for s-b to do s-g: It has always been necessary for me to have a job.
NB! puhujan arvelu
Marc must be sick because he is not in class today.
Marc must have been sick for a couple of weeks because we haven't seen him around.
KIELTO:
Marc can't be sick because I just saw him and he was as fit as a fiddle / as right as rain.
Marc can't have been sick because he never falls ill.
a decade = ten years
a century = a hundred years
a millennium = a thousand years
vaikuttaa: affect; influence; impact; impress (kun on VERBI, ei tule prepositiota mukaan)
Marc affected me / influenced me / impacted me / impressed greatly.
MUTTA: have an effect on s-b / have an influence on s-b / have an impact on s-b / make an impression on s-b (kun on on substantiivi (an effecr; an influence; an impact; an impression, tulee prepositio on mukaan)
My Father had a big effect on me / had a great influence on me / had a huge impact on me / made a great impression on me when I was a child.
3. MUST = täytyy; pitää; on varmaan(kin)
Mom number 1: "I must go to the hospital to see my child." (sisäinen pakko menna katsomaan lasta sairaalassa)
Mom number 2: "I have to go to the hospital to see my child." (ulkoinen pakko mennä katsomaan lasta sairaalassa)
MUST = on preesens; myös futuuri
I must go now.
Tomorrow I must go to the dentist.
NB! must not = mustn't = EI SAA
You mustn't smoke here.
1. KORVAAVA MUOTO: (to) have to do s-g
preesens:
I have to go now. I must go now.
imperfekti:
I had to go. = Minun täytyi mennä.
perfekti:
I have had to go. = Minun on täytynyt mennä.
pluskvamperfekti:
I had had to go. = Minun oli täytynyt mennä.
I futuuri:
I will have to go. I must go.
I konditionaali:
I would have to go.
II konditionaali:
I would have had to go. = Minun olisi täytynyt mennä.
MUITA KORVAAVIA MUOTOJA:
2. (to) be forced: He was forced to leave his country during the war.
3. (to) be compelled: The general was compelled to retire.
4. (to) be obliged: I feel I am obliged to stay with him.
5. (to) be to: What am I to do with him?
6. it's necessary for s-b to do s-g: It has always been necessary for me to have a job.
NB! puhujan arvelu
Marc must be sick because he is not in class today.
Marc must have been sick for a couple of weeks because we haven't seen him around.
KIELTO:
Marc can't be sick because I just saw him and he was as fit as a fiddle / as right as rain.
Marc can't have been sick because he never falls ill.
a decade = ten years
a century = a hundred years
a millennium = a thousand years