- prior studies have suggested…/prior research has demonstrated...
- the survey suggests...
- another factor…
- the hypothesis of the survey was to show...
- research indicates…
- what is demonstrated…
- against this backdrop…
- the central issue addressed here is the relationship between….
- to answer these questions…
- the factors which influence …
- analyzing the relationship between …… and…
- in examining…
- in order to better understand…
- we illustrate...
- this survey helps to understand...
- the issue is whether or not…
- there is evidence that …… has a positive / negative effect
- these arguments suggest…
- in this respect, …
- in contrast, …
- typically, …
- traditionally, …
- this leads to…
- generally, …
- as noted earlier…
- whereas…
- briefly…
- in addition, …
- still, …
- yet…
- accordingly,…
- initially, it might seem…
- surprisingly, …
- next,…
- in contrast…
- nevertheless…
- as a result…
- hence…
- accordingly…
- respectively…
- as a consequence…
- consequently…
- thus, …
- therefore, …
- for this reason…
- because of this…
