Read the text and the map carefully and then choose the best option for each gap in the text.

Climate crisis: Scientists spot warning signs of Gulf Stream collapse

Climate scientists have detected warning signs of the failure of the Gulf Stream. The research found “an almost complete loss of stability over the last century” of the currents that researchers call the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The currents are already at their slowest point in at least 1,600 years, but the new analysis shows
they can soon gain more speed.
they may be nearing a shutdown
they are likely to return to normal. (3 p.)

Such an event would have
catastrophic consequences around the world
some limited and localized environmental impact
serious effects in the areas near the Gulf Stream
(3 p.), severely disrupting the rains that billions of people depend on for food in India, South America and West Africa; increasing storms and lowering temperatures in Europe; and pushing up the sea level off eastern North America. It would also further endanger the Amazon rainforest and Antarctic ice sheets.

The complexity of the AMOC system and uncertainty over levels of future global heating make it
impossible to forecast the date of any collapse.
difficult to predict the degree of global warming.
very complicated to estimate sea level rise.
(3 p.)
It could be within a decade or two, or several centuries away. But the colossal impact it would have means it must never be allowed to happen, the scientists said.

“The signs of destabilisation being visible already is something that I wouldn’t have expected and that I find scary,” said Niklas Boers, from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, who did the research.

It is not known what level of CO­2 would trigger an AMOC collapse, he said. “So the only thing to do is
continue measuring CO2 levels.
fight against oceanic pollution.
keep emissions as low as possible.
(3 p.)
The likelihood of this extremely high-impact event happening increases with every gram of CO2 that we put into the atmosphere”.

Ice-core and other data from the last 100,000 years show
global climate has two levels:
the AMOC has two modes:
the Gulf Stream has two currents:
(3 p.)
a fast, strong one, as seen over recent millennia, and a slow, weak one. The data shows rising temperatures can make the AMOC switch abruptly between states over one to five decades.

The AMOC is driven by dense, salty seawater sinking into the Arctic ocean,
hence
since
but
(3 p.)
the melting of freshwater from Greenland’s ice sheet is slowing the process down earlier than climate models suggested.

Eight independently measured datasets of temperature and salinity going back as far as 150 years enabled Boers to show that global heating is indeed
increasing the instability of the currents,
diminishing the size of glaciers,
changing the direction of ocean winds,
(3 p.)
not just changing their flow pattern.

The analysis concluded: “This decline [of the AMOC in recent decades] may be associated with an almost complete loss of stability over the course of the last century, and the AMOC could be close to a critical transition to
its weak circulation mode.
dangerously high temperatures.
higher CO2 emissions.
(3 p.)”