Disease	Causative agent	Method of transmission	Symptoms	Prevention/control
Gonorrhoea	Bacterium Neiseeria Gonorrhoea	-Sexual contact - during birth for infants -Sharing towels	-Itching of urethra -yellowish discharge pain as males urinate, vaginal Discharge. with odour in females	A void indiscriminate sex. Treat both partners infected A void sharing linen
Syphilis	Bacterium Treponema Palladium	-Sexual contact - During birth for Infants. - Sharing towels and linen	Solitary painless ulcer-on genital or mucous -Rashes, muscles and papules on hands, feet lips, genital areas	Treat at primary infection stage -Avoid indiscriminate Sex. - A void sharing linen
Trichomoniasis	Protozoan Trichomonas Vaginalis	-Sexual contact -contaminated linen, underwear and toilet seats	Itching of urethra or vagina in females, smelly, yellow discharge	A void sharing linen -Avoid indiscriminate sex -personal hygiene
Hepatitis	Virus Hepatitis B	-Sexual contact -blood transfusion - contaminated needles and syringes	Fever, nausea, jaundice, loss of appetite, yellow urine	-Avoid indiscriminate sex -use disposable needles and syringes - strict personal hygiene
Candidiasis	Fungus Candida Albicans	-spread through sexual contact - sharing linen and towels	ltching and burning sensation and white discharge from genitals	-Avoid indiscriminate sex - Treat both partners
Herpes (Simplex)	Virus Herpes Simplex	-sexual contact kissing, contaminated needles	Lesions on skin and mucous membranes of buccal cavity vagina or head of penis	- A void indiscriminate sex and contaminated needles and syringes.
HIV and Aids	Virus Human Immuno Deficiency virus	-sexual contact -blood transfusion -contaminated instruments -Through breast milk and body fluids. -Through birth canal for infants	-chronic diarrhoea -weight loss (more than 10% body weight lost in a month) - constant, persistent cough, skin infectious (herpes zoster)	-Avoid indiscriminate sex. -Use screened blood - No sharing of tooth brushes, razors - Use disposable needles

Menstrual Cycle
• This is characterized by discharge of blood and tissue debris (menses) from the uterus every 28 days.
• This is due to the breakdown of the endometrium which occurs when the level of progesterone falls and the girl starts to menstruate.
• The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes the Graafian follicle to develop and also stimulate the ovary to release oestrogen.
• Oestrogen hormone triggers the onset of secondary sexual characteristics.
• Luteinising hormone (L.H) causes the mature ovum to be released from the Graafian follicle - a process called ovulation.
• After ovulation progesterone hormone is produced.
• After menstruation, the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland starts secreting the follicle stimulating hormone (FS.H) which causes the Graafian follicle to develop in the ovary.
• It also stimulates the ovary tissues to secrete oestrogen.
• Oestrogen brings about the repair and healing of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) which had been destroyed during menstruation.
• Oestrogen level stimulates the pituitary gland to produce (Luteinising Hormone (L.H).
• This hormone makes the mature Graafian follicle to release the ovum into the funnel of oviduct, a process called ovulation.
• After releasing the ovum, the Graafian follicle changes into a yellow body called corpus luteum.
• The luteinising hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete a hormone called progesterone which stimulates the thickening and vascularisation of endometrium.
• This prepares the uterine wall for implantation of the blastocyst.
• If fertilisation takes place, the level of progesterone increases and thus inhibits FSH from stimulating the maturation of another Graafian follicle.
• If fertilisation does not occur, the corpus luteum disintegrates and the level of progesterone goes down.
• The endometrium, sloughs off and menstruation occurs.