Tehtävät
https://peda.net/id/d672c1dada9
2019-09-19T08:39:24+03:00
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<div class="license">Tämän sivun lisenssi <a rel="license" href="https://peda.net/info">Peda.net-yleislisenssi</a></div>
Teksti
https://peda.net/id/e048ccb2fbb
2019-10-31T09:41:40+02:00
<span>4.27</span>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AAine%5C%201%26Aine%5C%202%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0AHCOOH%26HCOO%5E-%5C%5C%0AHPO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%26PO_4%5E%7B3-%7D%5C%20tai%5C%20H_2PO_4%5E-%5C%5C%0ANH_4%5E%2B%26NH_3%5C%5C%0A%5Cleft(CH_3%5Cright)_2NH%26%5Cleft(CH_3%5Cright)_2NH_2%5E%2B%5C%5C%0ACH_3CH_2COO%5E-%26CH_3CH_2COOH%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} Aine\ 1&Aine\ 2\\ \hline HCOOH&HCOO^-\\ HPO_4^{2-}&PO_4^{3-}\ tai\ H_2PO_4^-\\ NH_4^+&NH_3\\ \left(CH_3\right)_2NH&\left(CH_3\right)_2NH_2^+\\ CH_3CH_2COO^-&CH_3CH_2COOH \end{array}"/></div>
<div><br/>
<div>4.28</div>
<div>b, c, d</div>
<div>Liuoksessa b on sama ainemäärä heikkoa emästä<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=NH_3" alt="NH_3"/> ja sen vastin happoa <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=NH_4%5E%2B" alt="NH_4^+"/>. </div>
<div>Liuokseen c muodostuu yhtä suuri ainemäärä heikkoa happoa <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=CH_3COOH" alt="CH_3COOH"/> ja sen vastiemästä <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=CH_3COO%5E-" alt="CH_3COO^-"/></div>
<div>, kun lisätty natriumhydroksidiliuos neutraloi puolet etikkahaposta.</div>
<div>Liuoksessa d on yhtä suuri ainemäärä heikkoa emästä <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=CH_3NH_2" alt="CH_3NH_2"/> ja sen vastinhappoa <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=CH_3NH_3%5E%2B" alt="CH_3NH_3^+"/>.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>4.29</div>
<div>Liuoksessa valitsee tasapainotila<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=NH_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DNH_4%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BOH%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)" alt="NH_3\left(aq\right)+H_2O\left(l\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}NH_4^+\left(aq\right)+OH^-\left(aq\right)"/>. Kun liuokseen lisätään happoa eli liuokseen tulee oksoniumioneja, hydroksidi-ionit neutraloivat nämä vedeksi. Reaktioyhtälö on </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=OH%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow2H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="OH^-\left(aq\right)+H_3O^+\left(aq\right)\rightarrow2H_2O\left(l\right)"/>.</div>
<div>Kun liuokseen lisätään emästä eli liuoksen hydroksidi-ionikonsentraatio kasvaa, ammoniumionit reagoivat näiden ionien kanssa. Reaktioyhtälö on:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=NH_4%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BOH%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20NH_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="NH_4^-\left(aq\right)+OH^-\left(aq\right)\rightarrow NH_3\left(aq\right)+H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div>
<br/>
<div>4.30</div>
<div>Seriinin kahtaisionin rakenne on:</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Kun liuokseen lisätään happoa (oksoniumioneja), negatiivinen karboksylaatti-ioni toimii emäksenä eli ottaa vastaan protonin. Seriinin rakennekaava on tämän jälkeen:</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Kun liuokseen lisätään emästä (hydroksidi-ioneja), positiivinen</div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=NH_3%5E%2B" alt="NH_3^+"/>ryhmä toimii happona eli luovuttaa protonin. Seriinin rakennekaava on tämän jälkeen:</div>
<div><br/>
<div> </div>
<div>4.31</div>
<div>Puskuriliuoksessa vallitse tasapainotila:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=H_2PO%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DHPO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)%2BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)" alt="H_2PO^-\left(aq\right)+H_2O\left(l\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}HPO_4^{2-}\left(OH\right)+H_3O^+\left(aq\right)"/></div>
Lähtöarvot:</div>
<div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(H_2PO_4%5E-%5Cright)%3D0%7B%2C%7D012%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(H_2PO_4^-\right)=0{,}012\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(liuos%5Cright)%3D500ml%3D0%7B%2C%7D500l" alt="V\left(liuos\right)=500ml=0{,}500l"/></div>
<div>Vetyfosfaattikonsentraation tulee olla 1,6-kertainen divetyfosfaattikonsentraatioon nähden eli</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(HPO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%5Cright)%3D1%7B%2C%7D6%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D012%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D01920%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(HPO_4^{2-}\right)=1{,}6\cdot0{,}012\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}=0{,}01920\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
<div>Liuotettavan vetyfosfaatin ainemäärä:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(HPO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%5Cright)%3D0%7B%2C%7D01920%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D500dm%5E3%3D9%7B%2C%7D600%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(HPO_4^{2-}\right)=0{,}01920\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\cdot0{,}500dm^3=9{,}600\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<div>Natriumvetyfosfaatin kaavan perusteella</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(HPO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(Na_2HPO_4%5Cright)%3D9%7B%2C%7D600%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(HPO_4^{2-}\right)=n\left(Na_2HPO_4\right)=9{,}600\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<div>Natrumvetyfosfaatin massa:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Na_2HPO_4%5Cright)%3D9%7B%2C%7D600%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol%5Ccdot%5Cleft(2%5Ccdot22%7B%2C%7D99%2B1%7B%2C%7D008%2B30%7B%2C%7D97%2B4%5Ccdot16%7B%2C%7D00%5Cright)%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D3627...g%5Capprox1%7B%2C%7D4g" alt="m\left(Na_2HPO_4\right)=9{,}600\cdot10^{-3}mol\cdot\left(2\cdot22{,}99+1{,}008+30{,}97+4\cdot16{,}00\right)\ \frac{g}{mol}=1{,}3627...g\approx1{,}4g"/></div>
<br/>
<div><br/>
<div>4.32</div>
<div> </div>
</div>
2019-10-31T09:41:40+02:00
Teksti
https://peda.net/id/15e5a850f64
2019-10-29T10:45:59+02:00
<span>4.17</span>
<div>a)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=NH_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BCH_3COOH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20NH_4CH_3COO%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)" alt="NH_3\left(aq\right)+CH_3COOH\left(aq\right)\rightarrow NH_4CH_3COO\left(aq\right)"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=NH_4OH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BCH_3COO%5Crightarrow%20NH_4CH_3COOH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="NH_4OH\left(aq\right)+CH_3COO\rightarrow NH_4CH_3COOH\left(aq\right)+H_2O\left(l\right)"/>
<div>b)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2Al%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B3H_2SO_4%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Al_2%5Cleft(SO_4%5Cright)_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B6H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="2Al\left(OH\right)_3\left(aq\right)+3H_2SO_4\left(aq\right)\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\left(aq\right)+6H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div>
<span>c)</span>
<div><br/>
<div>4.18
<div>a) </div>
<div>Lasketaan solahappoliuoksen konsentraatio</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bn%7D%7BV%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm%7D%7BM%5Ccdot%20V%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D65g%7D%7B36%7B%2C%7D458%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%5Ccdot1%7B%2C%7D00l%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D045258%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="c\left(HCl\right)=\frac{n}{V}=\frac{m}{M\cdot V}=\frac{1{,}65g}{36{,}458\ \frac{g}{mol}\cdot1{,}00l}=0{,}045258\ \frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
<div>Lasketaan, mikä ainemäärä suolahapoa oli titrautussa tilavuudessa:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%3Dc%5Ccdot%20V%3D0%7B%2C%7D045258%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D0400l%3D1%7B%2C%7D8103%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(HCl\right)=c\cdot V=0{,}045258\ \frac{mol}{l}\cdot0{,}0400l=1{,}8103\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<div>Neutraloitumisreaktio on </div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=HCl%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BNaOH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20NaCl%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="HCl\left(aq\right)+NaOH\left(aq\right)\rightarrow NaCl\left(aq\right)+H_2O\left(l\right)"/>
<div>Tämän perusteella <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(NaOH%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%3D1%7B%2C%7D8103%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(NaOH\right)=n\left(HCl\right)=1{,}8103\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<div>Ratkaistaan kysytty natriumhydroksidiliuoksen tilavuus: </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(NaOH%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bn%7D%7Bc%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D8103%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D350mol%7D%3D5%7B%2C%7D1723%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dl%5Capprox5%7B%2C%7D17%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dl%3D5%7B%2C%7D17ml" alt="V\left(NaOH\right)=\frac{n}{c}=\frac{1{,}8103\cdot10^{-3}mol}{0{,}350mol}=5{,}1723\cdot10^{-3}l\approx5{,}17\cdot10^{-3}l=5{,}17ml"/></div>
<div>b)</div>
<div>Lasketaan laimennokseen otetun rikkihapon ainemäärä</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(H_2SO_4%5Cright)%3Dc_1%5Ccdot%20V%5Cleft(pipetoitu%5Cright)%3D1%7B%2C%7D25%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D0100l%3D0%7B%2C%7D02500mol" alt="n\left(H_2SO_4\right)=c_1\cdot V\left(pipetoitu\right)=1{,}25\ \frac{mol}{l}\cdot0{,}0100l=0{,}02500mol"/></div>
<div>Lasketaan aimennetun rikkihapon konsentraatio:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(H_2SO_4%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D012500mol%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D100l%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D12500%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="c\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\frac{0{,}012500mol}{0{,}100l}=0{,}12500\ \frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
<div>Lasletaan, mikä ainemäärä rikkihappoa oli titratussa tilavuudessa:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(H_2SO_4%5Cright)%3Dc%5Ccdot%20V%3D0%7B%2C%7D11500%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D0250l%3D3%7B%2C%7D1250%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(H_2SO_4\right)=c\cdot V=0{,}11500\ \frac{mol}{l}\cdot0{,}0250l=3{,}1250\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<div>Tasapainotettu reaktioyhtälö</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=H_2SO_4%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%C2%B42NaOH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Na_2SO_4%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="H_2SO_4\left(aq\right)´2NaOH\left(aq\right)\rightarrow Na_2SO_4\left(aq\right)+2H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(NaOH%5Cright)%3D2%5Ccdot%20n%5Cleft(H_2SO_4%5Cright)%3D2%5Ccdot3%7B%2C%7D1250%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol%3D6%7B%2C%7D2500%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(NaOH\right)=2\cdot n\left(H_2SO_4\right)=2\cdot3{,}1250\cdot10^{-3}mol=6{,}2500\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<div>Ratkaistaan kysytty natriumhydroksidiliuoksen tilavuus:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(NaOH%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B6%7B%2C%7D2500%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D350%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D017857l%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D0179l%3D17%7B%2C%7D9ml" alt="V\left(NaOH\right)=\frac{6{,}2500\cdot10^{-3}mol}{0{,}350\ \frac{mol}{l}}=0{,}017857l\approx0{,}0179l=17{,}9ml"/><br/>
4.20
<div>a)</div>
<div>I: Mittalasi</div>
<div>II: Mittapullo</div>
<div>III: Täyspipetti(ja pumpetti)</div>
<div>IV: Byretti</div>
<div>b) </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=COOH-CH_2-C%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)%5Cleft(COOH%5Cright)-CH_2COOH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BNaOH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)" alt="COOH-CH_2-C\left(OH\right)\left(COOH\right)-CH_2COOH\left(aq\right)+NaOH\left(aq\right)"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Crightarrow%20NaCOOH-CH_2-C%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)%5Cleft(NaCOO%5Cright)-CH_2-%5Cleft(NaCOO%5Cright)%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B3H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="\rightarrow NaCOOH-CH_2-C\left(OH\right)\left(NaCOO\right)-CH_2-\left(NaCOO\right)\left(aq\right)+3H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div>
<span>c) </span>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(NaOH%5Cright)%3D0%7B%2C%7D250%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(NaOH\right)=0{,}250\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(NaOH%5Cright)%3D18%7B%2C%7D8ml%3D0%7B%2C%7D0188dm%5E3" alt="V\left(NaOH\right)=18{,}8ml=0{,}0188dm^3"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(sitruunamehu%5Cright)%3D22%7B%2C%7D5ml%3D0%7B%2C%7D0225dm%5E3" alt="V\left(sitruunamehu\right)=22{,}5ml=0{,}0225dm^3"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(mehun%C3%A4yte%5Cright)%3D100ml" alt="V\left(mehunäyte\right)=100ml"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(titrattu%5C%20mehun%C3%A4yte%5Cright)%3D10%7B%2C%7D0ml" alt="V\left(titrattu\ mehunäyte\right)=10{,}0ml"/>
<div>Lasketaan titruksessa kuluneen natriumhydroksidin ainemäärä</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(NaOH%5Cright)%3D0%7B%2C%7D250%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D0188dm%5E3%3D4%7B%2C%7D7000%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(NaOH\right)=0{,}250\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\cdot0{,}0188dm^3=4{,}7000\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>4.21</div>
<div>Liuosta on valmistettava 50 ml ja liuoksessa til-%(etanoli)=70%</div>
<div>Etanolin tilavuus liuoksessa on siis oletava</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=0%7B%2C%7D70%5Ccdot50ml%3D35ml" alt="0{,}70\cdot50ml=35ml"/></div>
<div>Koska käytössä on 93-til-% etanolia, tätä liuosta tarvitaan:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=0%7B%2C%7D93%5Ccdot%20x%3D35" alt="0{,}93\cdot x=35"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=x%3D%5Cfrac%7B35%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D93%7D%3D37%7B%2C%7D634...%5Capprox38ml" alt="x=\frac{35}{0{,}93}=37{,}634...\approx38ml"/>
<div>Siis 93 til-% etanolia tarvitaan 38ml</div>
<div>Laimennetaan 38ml 93-til-% etanolia 50ml:ksi vedellä</div>
<div> </div>
<div>50ml etanoliliuosta painaa annetun tiheyden perusteella:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=0%7B%2C%7D80%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%5Ccdot50ml%3D40g" alt="0{,}80\ \frac{g}{mol}\cdot50ml=40g"/></div>
<br/>
<div>
<div>Jotta indikaattoria on 0,10 m-%, indikaattoria on punnittava:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=0%7B%2C%7D0010%5Ccdot40g%3D0%7B%2C%7D040g%3D40mg" alt="0{,}0010\cdot40g=0{,}040g=40mg"/></div>
Laimennetaan siis 38ml 93 til-% etanolia vedellä 50ml:ksi</div>
<div>Liuotetaan siihen 40mg tymolisinistä</div>
<div>b) </div>
<div><br/>
<div>4.22</div>
<div>b)(42,5;8,5)</div>
<div>c) Lasketaan kaliumhydroksidin ainemäärä ekvivalenttipisteessä:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(KOH%5Cright)%3D0%7B%2C%7D10%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D0425dm%5E3%3D4%7B%2C%7D250%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(KOH\right)=0{,}10\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\cdot0{,}0425dm^3=4{,}250\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<span>Reaktioyhtälön </span>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=KOH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BCH_3CH%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)COOH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20KCH_3CH%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)COO%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="KOH\left(aq\right)+CH_3CH\left(OH\right)COOH\left(aq\right)\rightarrow KCH_3CH\left(OH\right)COO\left(aq\right)+H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div>
<div>Perusteella <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(CH_3CH%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)COOH%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(KOH%5Cright)%3D4%7B%2C%7D250%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(CH_3CH\left(OH\right)COOH\right)=n\left(KOH\right)=4{,}250\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<div>Lasketaan kysytty maitohapon konsentraatio:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(maitohappo%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7B%2C%7D250%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D200dm%5E3%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D2125%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D21%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(maitohappo\right)=\frac{4{,}250\cdot10^{-3}mol}{0{,}200dm^3}=0{,}2125\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\approx0{,}21\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
<div>d)</div>
<div>2-Hyrdroksipropaanihappo</div>
<div>e)</div>
<div>Maitohappo on orgaaninen happo (karboksyylihappo), joka yleensä ovat heikkoja happoja</div>
<div>f)</div>
<div>Kaliumlaktaatti</div>
<div>g)<br/>
Fenoliliftaleiini tai tymolisininen</div>
<div>Ekvivalenttipisteessä liuoksen pH on noin 8,5</div>
<div>Fenoliftaleiinin v-rinvaihtumisalue on pH-alueella 8,3-10,0</div>
<div>Tymolisinisellä pH-alueella 8,2-9,8</div>
</div>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>4.22</div>
<div>4.23<br/>
4.24<br/>
4.25</div>
<div>4.25</div>
<div>4.26</div>
</div>
2019-10-24T12:46:00+03:00
Teksti
https://peda.net/id/096ff9f6eb4
2019-10-10T12:40:47+03:00
4.1
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AAineen%5C%20kaava%26Aineen%5C%20nimi%26Happo%26Em%C3%A4s%26Heikko%26Vahva%26Yksiarvoinen%26Moniarvoinen%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0AC_6H_5COOH%26Bentsoehappo%26x%26%26x%26%26x%26%5C%5C%0ACN%5E-%26Syaani-ioni%26%26x%26x%26%26x%26%5C%5C%0AHClO_4%26Perkloorihappo%26x%26%26%26x%26x%26%5C%5C%0ACH_3NH_2%26Metyyliamiini%26%26x%26x%26%26x%26%5C%5C%0AC_6H_5OH%26Fenoli%26x%26%26x%26%26x%26%5C%5C%0AS%5E%7B2-%7D%26Sulfidi-ioni%26%26x%26%26x%26%26x%5C%5C%0AH_2SO_4%26Rikkihappo%26x%26%26x%26%26%26x%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} Aineen\ kaava&Aineen\ nimi&Happo&Emäs&Heikko&Vahva&Yksiarvoinen&Moniarvoinen\\ \hline C_6H_5COOH&Bentsoehappo&x&&x&&x&\\ CN^-&Syaani-ioni&&x&x&&x&\\ HClO_4&Perkloorihappo&x&&&x&x&\\ CH_3NH_2&Metyyliamiini&&x&x&&x&\\ C_6H_5OH&Fenoli&x&&x&&x&\\ S^{2-}&Sulfidi-ioni&&x&&x&&x\\ H_2SO_4&Rikkihappo&x&&x&&&x \end{array}"/><br/>
<div>4.2</div>
<div>4.3</div>
<div>4.5</div>
<div>4.7</div>
<div>4.8</div>
<div>4.9</div>
<div>4.11</div>
<div>4.12</div>
<div>4.13</div>
<div>4.14</div>
<div>4.16</div>
</div>
2019-10-10T12:40:46+03:00
Teksti
https://peda.net/id/d355b1fceb1
2019-10-10T08:57:43+03:00
<span>3.2 Tasapainoseosen koostumuksen ratkaisemien</span>
<div>Esim. Mikä kloorikaasun konsentraatio tasapainoseoksessa, kun 2,00 litran astiaan johdetaan 1,00 moolia fosforipentakloridia ja kuumennetaaan se 250°C:n läpötilaan? Reaktion tasapainovakio tässä lämötilassa on 0,041 mol/dm³</div>
<div>Reaktioyhtälö on</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=PCl_5%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DPCl_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BCl_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="PCl_5\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}PCl_3\left(g\right)+Cl_2\left(g\right)"/></div>
<div> </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c_%7Balku%7D%5Cleft(PCl_5%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20mol%7D%7B2%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20l%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D500%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="c_{alku}\left(PCl_5\right)=\frac{1{,}00\ mol}{2{,}00\ l}=0{,}500\ \frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
<br/>
<span> </span><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=PCl_5%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DPCl_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BCl_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="PCl_5\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}PCl_3\left(g\right)+Cl_2\left(g\right)"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0Ac_%7Balku%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%260%7B%2C%7D500%260%260%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0Amuutos%26-x%26%2Bx%26%2Bx%5C%5C%0Ac_%7Btasap.%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%260%7B%2C%7D500-x%26x%26x%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} c_{alku}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&0{,}500&0&0\\ \hline muutos&-x&+x&+x\\ c_{tasap.}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&0{,}500-x&x&x \end{array}"/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BPCl_3%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BCl_2%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BPCl_5%5Cright%5D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D500-x%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D041" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[PCl_3\right]\left[Cl_2\right]}{\left[PCl_5\right]}=\frac{x^2}{0{,}500-x}=0{,}041"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=x%5E2%2B0%7B%2C%7D041x-0%7B%2C%7D0205%3D0" alt="x^2+0{,}041x-0{,}0205=0"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=x%3D-0%7B%2C%7D01651...%5C%20tai%5C%20x%3D0%7B%2C%7D1241..." alt="x=-0{,}01651...\ tai\ x=0{,}1241..."/><br/>
<div>Tasapainotilassa</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BCl_2%5Cright%5D%3D0%7B%2C%7D1241...%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D12%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="\left[Cl_2\right]=0{,}1241...\ \frac{mol}{l}\approx0{,}12\ \frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
<div> </div>
<div>Esim. Typpi ja happi reagoivat keskenään muodostaen typpimonoksidia. 2,0 litran astiassa oli tasapainotilassa 1,0 mol typpeä, 1,0 mol happea ja 2,0 mol typpimonoksidia. </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=N_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7D2NO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="N_2\left(g\right)+O_2\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}2NO\left(g\right)"/></div>
<span>a) Laske reaktion tasapainovakio</span>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BN_2%5Cright%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20mol%5C%20%7D%7B2%7B%2C%7D0%5C%20l%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D50%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="\left[N_2\right]=\frac{1{,}00\ mol\ }{2{,}0\ l}=0{,}50\ \frac{mol}{l}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BO_2%5Cright%5D%3D0%7B%2C%7D50%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="\left[O_2\right]=0{,}50\ \frac{mol}{l}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BNO%5Cright%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7B%2C%7D0mol%7D%7B2%7B%2C%7D0l%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D0%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="\left[NO\right]=\frac{2{,}0mol}{2{,}0l}=1{,}0\ \frac{mol}{l}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BNO%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BN_2%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BO_2%5Cright%5D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(1%7B%2C%7D0%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D5%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D5%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%7D%3D4%7B%2C%7D0" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[NO\right]^2}{\left[N_2\right]\left[O_2\right]}=\frac{\left(1{,}0\ \frac{mol}{l}\right)^2}{0{,}5\ \frac{mol}{l}\cdot0{,}5\ \frac{mol}{l}}=4{,}0"/></div>
<div><br/>
<div>b)Toisessa, samassa lämpötilassa tehdyssä kokeessa 1,0 litran astiaan laitettiin 2,0 mol typpimonoksidia. Laske eri kaasujen ainemäärät, kun tasapaino saavutettiin.<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c_%7Balku%7D%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D0%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="c_{alku}\left(NO\right)=2{,}0\ \frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
<div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=N_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7D2NO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="N_2\left(g\right)+O_2\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}2NO\left(g\right)"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0Ac_%7Balku%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%260%260%262%7B%2C%7D0%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0Amuutos%26%2Bx%26%2Bx%26-2x%5C%5C%0Ac_%7Btasap.%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%26x%26x%262%7B%2C%7D0-2x%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} c_{alku}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&0&0&2{,}0\\ \hline muutos&+x&+x&-2x\\ c_{tasap.}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&x&x&2{,}0-2x \end{array}"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(2%7B%2C%7D0-2x%5Cright)%5E2%7D%7Bx%5E2%7D%3D4%7B%2C%7D0" alt="K_c=\frac{\left(2{,}0-2x\right)^2}{x^2}=4{,}0"/></div>
<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=4-8x%2B4x%5E2%3D4x%5E2" alt="4-8x+4x^2=4x^2"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=8x%3D4" alt="8x=4"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=x%3D0%7B%2C%7D5" alt="x=0{,}5"/><br/>
<div>Koska astian tilauus on 1,0 l, tasapainotilassa:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(N_2%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(O_2%5Cright)%3D0%7B%2C%7D5%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(N_2\right)=n\left(O_2\right)=0{,}5\ mol"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%3D%5Cleft(2%7B%2C%7D0-2%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D5%5Cright)mol%3D1%7B%2C%7D0%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(NO\right)=\left(2{,}0-2\cdot0{,}5\right)mol=1{,}0\ mol"/><br/>
<div> </div>
<div>3.17</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BH_2%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BCO_2%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BH_2O%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BCO%5Cright%5D%7D%3D2%7B%2C%7D0" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[H_2\right]\left[CO_2\right]}{\left[H_2O\right]\left[CO\right]}=2{,}0"/></div>
<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=H_2O%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BCO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DH_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BCO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="H_2O\left(g\right)+CO\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}H_2\left(g\right)+CO_2\left(g\right)"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0Ac_%7Balku%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%260%260%262%7B%2C%7D0%26%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0Amuutos%26%2Bx%26%2Bx%26-x%26-x%5C%5C%0Ac_%7Btasap%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%26%26%26%26%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} c_{alku}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&0&0&2{,}0&\\ \hline muutos&+x&+x&-x&-x\\ c_{tasap}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&&&& \end{array}"/>
<div>3.18</div>
<div>3.19</div>
<div>3.20</div>
<div>a,b) </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=CH_3COOH%2BCH_3OH%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DCH_3COOCH_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="CH_3COOH+CH_3OH\left(aq\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}CH_3COOCH_3\left(aq\right)+H_2O\left(g\right)"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0Ac_%7Balku%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%26%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D0%7D%7BV%7D%26%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D0%7D%7BV%7D%260%260%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0Amuutos%26-%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7Bv%7D%26-%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7Bv%7D%26%2B%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7Bv%7D%26%2B%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7Bv%7D%5C%5C%0Ac_%7Btasap.%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%26%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D0-x%7D%7Bv%7D%26%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D0-x%7D%7Bv%7D%26%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7Bv%7D%26%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7Bv%7D%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} c_{alku}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&\frac{1{,}0}{V}&\frac{1{,}0}{V}&0&0\\ \hline muutos&-\frac{x}{v}&-\frac{x}{v}&+\frac{x}{v}&+\frac{x}{v}\\ c_{tasap.}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&\frac{1{,}0-x}{v}&\frac{1{,}0-x}{v}&\frac{x}{v}&\frac{x}{v} \end{array}"/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BCH_3COOCH_3%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BH_2O%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BCH_3COOCH%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BCH_3OH%5Cright%5D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7Bv%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D0-x%7D%7Bv%7D%5Cright)%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft(1%7B%2C%7D0-x%5Cright)%5E2%7D%3D4%7B%2C%7D0" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[CH_3COOCH_3\right]\left[H_2O\right]}{\left[CH_3COOCH\right]\left[CH_3OH\right]}=\frac{\left(\frac{x}{v}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{1{,}0-x}{v}\right)}=\frac{x^2}{\left(1{,}0-x\right)^2}=4{,}0"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=x%3D2%7B%2C%7D0%5C%20tai%5C%20x%3D0%7B%2C%7D666...%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D67" alt="x=2{,}0\ tai\ x=0{,}666...\approx0{,}67"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(CH_3COOCH_3%5Cright)%3D0%7B%2C%7D67%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(CH_3COOCH_3\right)=0{,}67\ mol"/></div>
<div>c) Veden poistaminen parantaa esterin saantoa. Veden poistaminen (reaktiotuote) siirtää tasapainoa reaktiotuotteiden suuntaan.</div>
<div>d) Etaanihapo metyyliesteri tai metyylietanaalli tai metyyliasetaatti.<br/>
<div><br/>
3.24
<div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=CH_3%5Cleft(CH_2%5Cright)_3OH%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%2BCH_3%5Cleft(CH_2%5Cright)_2COOH%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DCH_3%5Cleft(CH_2%5Cright)_3OOC%5Cleft(CH_2%5Cright)_2CH_3%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="CH_3\left(CH_2\right)_3OH\left(l\right)+CH_3\left(CH_2\right)_2COOH\left(l\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}CH_3\left(CH_2\right)_3OOC\left(CH_2\right)_2CH_3\left(l\right)+H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0Ac_%7Balku%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%262%7B%2C%7D50%260%7B%2C%7D200%261%7B%2C%7D50%261%7B%2C%7D00%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0Amuutos%26-x%26-x%26%2Bx%26%2Bx%5C%5C%0Ac_%7Btasap.%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%262%7B%2C%7D50-x%260%7B%2C%7D200-x%261%7B%2C%7D50%2Bx%261%7B%2C%7D00%2Bx%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} c_{alku}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&2{,}50&0{,}200&1{,}50&1{,}00\\ \hline muutos&-x&-x&+x&+x\\ c_{tasap.}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&2{,}50-x&0{,}200-x&1{,}50+x&1{,}00+x \end{array}"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BCH_3%5Cleft(CH_2%5Cright)_3OOC%5Cleft(CH_2%5Cright)_2CH_3%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BH_2O%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BCH_3%5Cleft(CH_2%5Cright)_3OH%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BCH_3%5Cleft(CH_2%5Cright)_2COOH%5Cright%5D%7D%5Crightarrow9%7B%2C%7D00%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(1%7B%2C%7D50%2Bx%5Cright)%5Cleft(1%7B%2C%7D00%2Bx%5Cright)%7D%7B%5Cleft(2%7B%2C%7D50-x%5Cright)%5Cleft(0%7B%2C%7D200-x%5Cright)%7D" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[CH_3\left(CH_2\right)_3OOC\left(CH_2\right)_2CH_3\right]\left[H_2O\right]}{\left[CH_3\left(CH_2\right)_3OH\right]\left[CH_3\left(CH_2\right)_2COOH\right]}\rightarrow9{,}00=\frac{\left(1{,}50+x\right)\left(1{,}00+x\right)}{\left(2{,}50-x\right)\left(0{,}200-x\right)}"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=x_1%3D2%7B%2C%7D2340" alt="x_1=2{,}2340"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=x_2%3D0%7B%2C%7D11595" alt="x_2=0{,}11595"/></div>
<div>Näistä vain jälkimmäinen on järkevä, sillä lähtöaineita on enimmillään 2,50 mol/l</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BCH_3%5Cleft(CH_2%5Cright)_3OOC%5Cleft(CH_2%5Cright)_2CH_3%5Cright%5D_%7Buusi%7D%3D%5Cleft(1%7B%2C%7D50%2B0%7B%2C%7D11595%5Cright)%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D6160%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Capprox1%7B%2C%7D62%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="\left[CH_3\left(CH_2\right)_3OOC\left(CH_2\right)_2CH_3\right]_{uusi}=\left(1{,}50+0{,}11595\right)\ \frac{mol}{l}=1{,}6160\ \frac{mol}{l}\approx1{,}62\ \frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
</div>
<div>3.26<br/>
<div>a)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2SO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7D2SO_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="2SO_2\left(g\right)+O_2\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}2SO_3\left(g\right)"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0Ap_i%5Cleft(alku%5Cright)%5Cleft(bar%5Cright)%262%7B%2C%7D3%264%7B%2C%7D5%2Bx%262%7B%2C%7D3%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0Amuutos%5Cleft(bar%5Cright)%26-0%7B%2C%7D2%26-0%7B%2C%7D1%26%2B0%7B%2C%7D2%5C%5C%0Ap_i%5Cleft(tasap.%5Cright)%5Cleft(bar%5Cright)%262%7B%2C%7D1%264%7B%2C%7D4%2Bx%262%7B%2C%7D5%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} p_i\left(alku\right)\left(bar\right)&2{,}3&4{,}5+x&2{,}3\\ \hline muutos\left(bar\right)&-0{,}2&-0{,}1&+0{,}2\\ p_i\left(tasap.\right)\left(bar\right)&2{,}1&4{,}4+x&2{,}5 \end{array}"/></div>
<div>b)</div>
<div>Taulukkokirjassa ilmoitettujen muodostumislämpöjen <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5CDelta%20H_f" alt="\Delta H_f"/>perusteella mudostumisreaktio on eksotermien MAOL s.149</div>
<div>Lasku:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5CDelta%20H_%7Breaktio%7D%3D%5CSigma%5CDelta%20H_f%5Cleft(reaktiotuotteet%5Cright)-%5CSigma%5CDelta%20H_f%5Cleft(l%C3%A4ht%C3%B6aineet%5Cright)" alt="\Delta H_{reaktio}=\Sigma\Delta H_f\left(reaktiotuotteet\right)-\Sigma\Delta H_f\left(lähtöaineet\right)"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%3D%5Cleft%5B2mol%5Cleft(-3%7B%2C%7D95%7B%2C%7D2%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BkJ%7D%7Bmol%7D%5Cright)%5Cright%5D-%5Cleft%5B2mol%5Cleft(-296%7B%2C%7D9%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BkJ%7D%7Bmol%7D%5Cright)%5Cright%5D%2B%5Cleft%5B0%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BkJ%7D%7Bmol%7D%5Cright%5D%3D-196%7B%2C%7D6kJ" alt="=\left[2mol\left(-3{,}95{,}2\ \frac{kJ}{mol}\right)\right]-\left[2mol\left(-296{,}9\ \frac{kJ}{mol}\right)\right]+\left[0\ \frac{kJ}{mol}\right]=-196{,}6kJ"/><br/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2SO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7D2SO_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5C%20%5CDelta%20H%3C0" alt="2SO_2\left(g\right)+O_2\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}2SO_3\left(g\right)\ \Delta H<0"/></div>
<div>Tämä perusteella rikkitrioksidin osapainetta voisi kasvattaa alentamalla lämpötilaa, jolloin reaktion tasapainotila siirtyy rikkitrioksidin suuntaan, Myös rikkidioksidin osapaineen kasvattaminen (=rikkidioksidi nlisääminen) siirtää myös reaktion tasapainotilaa rikkitrioksidin suuntaan. Kaasujen puristaminen kokoon (=reaktioseoksen tilavuuden pienentäminen) siirtää myös tasapainotilaa reaktiotuotteen suuntaan (lähtöainepuolelle 3 moolia kaasuja, reaktiotuotepuolella 2 moolia kaasuja), jolloin rikkioksidin osapaine kasvaa.</div>
</div>
</div>
2019-10-10T08:35:53+03:00
Teksti
https://peda.net/id/25d8d82eeb1
2019-10-10T08:31:02+03:00
<span>Esim. Lämpötilassa 448°C reaktion</span><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=H_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BI_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7D2HI%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="H_2\left(g\right)+I_2\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}2HI\left(g\right)"/><br/>
<div>Tasapainovakio o 51. Ennusta, mihin suuntaan reaktio etenee, kun 2,0 litran astian suljetaan 0,020 mol vetyjodidia, 0,010 mol vetyä sekä 0,030 ol jodia ja seos kuumennetaan 448°C.</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=C%5Cleft(HI%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D020mol%7D%7B2%7B%2C%7D0l%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D010%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="C\left(HI\right)=\frac{0{,}020mol}{2{,}0l}=0{,}010\frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=C%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D010mol%7D%7B2%7B%2C%7D0l%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D0050%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="C\left(H_2\right)=\frac{0{,}010mol}{2{,}0l}=0{,}0050\frac{mol}{l}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=C%5Cleft(I_2%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D030mol%7D%7B2%7B%2C%7D0l%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D015%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="C\left(I_2\right)=\frac{0{,}030mol}{2{,}0l}=0{,}015\frac{mol}{l}"/><br/>
<div>Sijoitetaan nämä konsentraatiot reaktion tasapainovakion lausekkeeseen:</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BHI%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BH_2%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BI_2%5Cright%5D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(0%7B%2C%7D010%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft(0%7B%2C%7D0050%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5Cleft(0%7B%2C%7D015%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D333...%5Capprox1%7B%2C%7D3%3C51" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[HI\right]^2}{\left[H_2\right]\left[I_2\right]}=\frac{\left(0{,}010\frac{mol}{l}\right)^2}{\left(0{,}0050\frac{mol}{l}\right)\left(0{,}015\frac{mol}{l}\right)}=1{,}333...\approx1{,}3<51"/></div>
<div>Reaktio etenee reaktiotuotteiden suuntaan eli vetyjodidia muodostuu lisää, kunnes tasapainotila saavutetaan.</div>
<div> </div>
<span>3.1</span>
<div>a)<br/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2HI%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DH_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BI_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="2HI\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}H_2\left(g\right)+I_2\left(g\right)"/></div>
<div>b)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=C%5Cleft(HI%5Cright)%3D3%7B%2C%7D53%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="C\left(HI\right)=3{,}53\cdot10^{-3}\frac{mol}{l}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=C%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3D4%7B%2C%7D79%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="C\left(H_2\right)=4{,}79\cdot10^{-4}\frac{mol}{l}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=C%5Cleft(I_2%5Cright)%3D4%7B%2C%7D79%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="C\left(I_2\right)=4{,}79\cdot10^{-4}\frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BH_2%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BI_2%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BHI%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(4%7B%2C%7D79%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5Ccdot%5Cleft(4%7B%2C%7D79%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%7D%7B%5Cleft(3%7B%2C%7D53%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D01841...%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D0184" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[H_2\right]\left[I_2\right]}{\left[HI\right]^2}=\frac{\left(4{,}79\cdot10^{-4}\frac{mol}{l}\right)\cdot\left(4{,}79\cdot10^{-4}\ \frac{mol}{l}\right)}{\left(3{,}53\cdot10^{-3}\frac{mol}{l}\right)^2}=0{,}01841...\approx0{,}0184"/></div>
<div><br/>
<div>3.2</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(N_2%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D80%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(N_2\right)=2{,}80\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(O_2%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D50%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-5%7Dmol" alt="n\left(O_2\right)=2{,}50\cdot10^{-5}mol"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(N_2O%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D00%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-2%7Dmol" alt="n\left(N_2O\right)=2{,}00\cdot10^{-2}mol"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=C%5Cleft(N_2%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7B%2C%7D80%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol%7D%7B2%7B%2C%7D0l%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D4%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="C\left(N_2\right)=\frac{2{,}80\cdot10^{-3}mol}{2{,}0l}=1{,}4\cdot10^{-3}\frac{mol}{l}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=C%5Cleft(O_2%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7B%2C%7D50%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-5%7Dmol%7D%7B2%7B%2C%7D0l%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D25%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-5%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="C\left(O_2\right)=\frac{2{,}50\cdot10^{-5}mol}{2{,}0l}=1{,}25\cdot10^{-5}\frac{mol}{l}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=C%5Cleft(N_2O%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7B%2C%7D00%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-2%7Dmol%7D%7B2%7B%2C%7D0l%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D01%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="C\left(N_2O\right)=\frac{2{,}00\cdot10^{-2}mol}{2{,}0l}=0{,}01\frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BN_2O%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BN_2%5Cright%5D%5E2%5Cleft%5BO_2%5Cright%5D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(0%7B%2C%7D01%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft(1%7B%2C%7D4%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5E2%5Cleft(1%7B%2C%7D25%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-5%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%7D%3D4081632%7B%2C%7D658%5Capprox4%5C%20081%5C%20600" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[N_2O\right]^2}{\left[N_2\right]^2\left[O_2\right]}=\frac{\left(0{,}01\frac{mol}{l}\right)^2}{\left(1{,}4\cdot10^{-3}\frac{mol}{l}\right)^2\left(1{,}25\cdot10^{-5}\frac{mol}{l}\right)}=4081632{,}658\approx4\ 081\ 600"/><br/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%3D4%7B%2C%7D08%5Ccdot10%5E6%5C%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-1%7D" alt="=4{,}08\cdot10^6\ \left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)^{-1}"/></div>
<div> </div>
<div>3.3</div>
</div>
<div>a)</div>
<div> <span> </span><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5C%202NO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B2H_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DN_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B2H_2O%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="\ 2NO\left(g\right)+2H_2\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}N_2\left(g\right)+2H_2O\left(g\right)"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AC_%7Balku%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%260%7B%2C%7D100%260%7B%2C%7D0500%260%260%7B%2C%7D100%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0AMuutos%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%26-0%7B%2C%7D038%26-0%7B%2C%7D038%26%2B0%7B%2C%7D019%26%2B0%7B%2C%7D038%5C%5C%0AC_%7Btasap%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%260%7B%2C%7D062%260%7B%2C%7D012%260%7B%2C%7D019%260%7B%2C%7D138%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} C_{alku}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&0{,}100&0{,}0500&0&0{,}100\\ \hline Muutos\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&-0{,}038&-0{,}038&+0{,}019&+0{,}038\\ C_{tasap}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&0{,}062&0{,}012&0{,}019&0{,}138 \end{array}"/><br/>
<div>b)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BN_2%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BH_2O%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BNO%5Cright%5D%5E2%5Cleft%5BH_2%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D019%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D138%5E2%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D062%5E2%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D012%5E2%7D%3D653%7B%2C%7D68106...%5Capprox650%5C%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-1%7D" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[N_2\right]\left[H_2O\right]^2}{\left[NO\right]^2\left[H_2\right]^2}=\frac{0{,}019\cdot0{,}138^2}{0{,}062^2\cdot0{,}012^2}=653{,}68106...\approx650\ \left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)^{-1}"/></div>
<div><br/>
<div>3.4</div>
<div>3.5</div>
<div>3.6</div>
<div> </div>
<div>3.7</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=N_2O_4%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7D2NO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="N_2O_4\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}2NO_2\left(g\right)"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n_%7Balku%7D%5Cleft(N_2O_4%5Cright)%3D24%7B%2C%7D4mmol%3D24%7B%2C%7D4%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n_{alku}\left(N_2O_4\right)=24{,}4mmol=24{,}4\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%3D0%7B%2C%7D372l" alt="V=0{,}372l"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=T%3D25%C2%B0C%2B273%7B%2C%7D15K%3D298%7B%2C%7D15K" alt="T=25°C+273{,}15K=298{,}15K"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=p%3D0%7B%2C%7D400%5C%20bar" alt="p=0{,}400\ bar"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=R%3D0%7B%2C%7D08314510%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bbar%5Ccdot%20dm%5E3%7D%7Bmol%5Ccdot%20K%7D" alt="R=0{,}08314510\ \frac{bar\cdot dm^3}{mol\cdot K}"/></div>
<div> </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(N_2O_4%5Cright)_%7Balku%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bn%7D%7BV%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B24%7B%2C%7D4%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D372%5C%20l%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B61%7D%7B930%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="c\left(N_2O_4\right)_{alku}=\frac{n}{V}=\frac{24{,}4\cdot10^{-3}mol}{0{,}372\ l}=\frac{61}{930}\frac{mol}{l}"/><br/>
<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=pV%3DnRT%3C%3D%3En%3D%5Cfrac%7BpV%7D%7BRT%7D" alt="pV=nRT<=>n=\frac{pV}{RT}"/><!--filtered attribute: style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 1000px; vertical-align: middle; margin: 4px; padding: 3px 10px; cursor: pointer; border: 1px solid #e6f2f8; background: #edf9ff;"--><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(NO_2%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7BpV%7D%7BRT%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D400bar%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D372l%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D08314510%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bbar%5Ccdot%20dm%5E3%7D%7Bmol%5Ccdot%20K%7D%5Ccdot298%7B%2C%7D15K%7D%3D6%7B%2C%7D002490171%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(NO_2\right)=\frac{pV}{RT}=\frac{0{,}400bar\cdot0{,}372l}{0{,}08314510\ \frac{bar\cdot dm^3}{mol\cdot K}\cdot298{,}15K}=6{,}002490171\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(NO_2%5Cright)_%7Balku%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B6%7B%2C%7D002490171%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D372l%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D01613572...%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D016136%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="c\left(NO_2\right)_{alku}=\frac{6{,}002490171\cdot10^{-3}mol}{0{,}372l}=0{,}01613572...\approx0{,}016136\ \frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=N_2O_4%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7D2NO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="N_2O_4\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}2NO_2\left(g\right)"/></div>
<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0Ac_%7Balku%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%26%5Cfrac%7B61%7D%7B930%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%260%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0AMuutos%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%26-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D016136%26%2B0%7B%2C%7D016136%5C%5C%0Ac_%7Btasap.%7D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%260%7B%2C%7D057523%260%7B%2C%7D016136%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} c_{alku}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&\frac{61}{930}\frac{mol}{l}&0\\ \hline Muutos\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&-\frac{1}{2}\cdot0{,}016136&+0{,}016136\\ c_{tasap.}\left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)&0{,}057523&0{,}016136 \end{array}"/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BNO_2%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BN_2O_4%5Cright%5D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(0%7B%2C%7D016136%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D057523%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%7D%3D4%7B%2C%7D52637199%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Capprox4%7B%2C%7D53%2710%5E%7B-3%7D%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[NO_2\right]^2}{\left[N_2O_4\right]}=\frac{\left(0{,}016136\ \frac{mol}{l}\right)^2}{0{,}057523\frac{mol}{l}}=4{,}52637199\cdot10^{-3}\frac{mol}{l}\approx4{,}53'10^{-3}\frac{mol}{l}"/></div>
<div><br/>
<div>
<div>3.9</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=N_2%2B3H_2%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7D2NH_3" alt="N_2+3H_2\xrightleftharpoons[]{}2NH_3"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=T%3D472%C2%B0C%2B273%7B%2C%7D15K%3D745%7B%2C%7D15K" alt="T=472°C+273{,}15K=745{,}15K"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D0%7B%2C%7D104%5C%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-2%7D" alt="K_c=0{,}104\ \left(\frac{mol}{l}\right)^{-2}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%3D1%7B%2C%7D00l" alt="V=1{,}00l"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(H_2\right)=2{,}00\ mol"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(N_2%5Cright)%3D1%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(N_2\right)=1{,}00\ mol"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(NH_3%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(NH_3\right)=2{,}00\ mol"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)_%7Balku%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7B%2C%7D00mol%7D%7B1%7B%2C%7D00l%7D%3D2%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(H_2\right)_{alku}=\frac{2{,}00mol}{1{,}00l}=2{,}00\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(N_2%5Cright)_%7Balku%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D00mol%7D%7B1%7B%2C%7D00l%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(N_2\right)_{alku}=\frac{1{,}00mol}{1{,}00l}=1{,}00\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(NH_3%5Cright)_%7Balku%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7B%2C%7D00mol%7D%7B1%7B%2C%7D00l%7D%3D2%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(NH_3\right)_{alku}=\frac{2{,}00mol}{1{,}00l}=2{,}00\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BNH_3%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BN_2%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BH_2%5Cright%5D%5E3%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(2%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft(1%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5Cleft(2%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E3%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D5%5C%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-2%7D" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[NH_3\right]^2}{\left[N_2\right]\left[H_2\right]^3}=\frac{\left(2{,}00\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^2}{\left(1{,}00\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)\left(2{,}00\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^3}=0{,}5\ \left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^{-2}"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=0%7B%2C%7D5%5C%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-2%7D%3E0%7B%2C%7D104%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-2%7D" alt="0{,}5\ \left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^{-2}>0{,}104\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^{-2}"/><!--filtered attribute: style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 1000px; vertical-align: middle; margin: 4px; padding: 3px 10px; cursor: pointer; border: 1px solid #e6f2f8; background: #edf9ff;"--></div>
<div>v: Lähtöaineiden suuntaan.</div>
<div>b) Palautuvan reaktion nopeus on suurempi, sillä ammoniakin konsentraation tulee pienentyä, jotta tasapainotila muodostuisi. </div>
<div><br/>
<div>3.12</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=PCl_5%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DPCl_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BCl_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="PCl_5\left(g\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}PCl_3\left(g\right)+Cl_2\left(g\right)"/></div>
<br/>
<div>3.13</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=p_iV%3Dn_iRT" alt="p_iV=n_iRT"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=p_i%3D%5Cfrac%7Bn_i%7D%7BV%7DRT%5C%20%5C%20%5C%20%5C%20%5C%20%5Cleft%7C%5Cfrac%7Bn_i%7D%7BV%7D%3Dc%5Cright%7C" alt="p_i=\frac{n_i}{V}RT\ \ \ \ \ \left|\frac{n_i}{V}=c\right|"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=p_i%3Dc_iRT" alt="p_i=c_iRT"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c_i%3D%5Cfrac%7Bp_i%7D%7BRT%7D" alt="c_i=\frac{p_i}{RT}"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=p_i%3D40%5C%20kPa%3D40%5C%20000%5C%20Pa" alt="p_i=40\ kPa=40\ 000\ Pa"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=T%3D%5Cleft(273%7B%2C%7D15%2B60%5Cright)K%3D333%7B%2C%7D15K" alt="T=\left(273{,}15+60\right)K=333{,}15K"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c_i%3D%5Cfrac%7Bp_i%7D%7BRT%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D4%5C%20bar%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D0831451%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bbar%5Ccdot%20dm%5E3%7D%7Bmol%5Ccdot%20K%7D%5Ccdot333%7B%2C%7D15K%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D01444...%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D014%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c_i=\frac{p_i}{RT}=\frac{0{,}4\ bar}{0{,}0831451\ \frac{bar\cdot dm^3}{mol\cdot K}\cdot333{,}15K}=0{,}01444...\frac{mol}{dm^3}\approx0{,}014\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
<div><br/>
<div>3.16<br/>
<div>Tehtävässä annetut alkuarvot:</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=t%3D107%C2%B0C%5Crightarrow%20T%3D%5Cleft(107%2B273%7B%2C%7D15%5Cright)K%3D380%7B%2C%7D15K" alt="t=107°C\rightarrow T=\left(107+273{,}15\right)K=380{,}15K"/></div>
<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(astia%5Cright)%3D1%7B%2C%7D04%5C%20dm%5E3%3D1%7B%2C%7D04%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dm%5E3" alt="V\left(astia\right)=1{,}04\ dm^3=1{,}04\cdot10^{-3}m^3"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=p%3D1%7B%2C%7D59%5C%20MPa%3D1%7B%2C%7D59%5Ccdot10%5E6%5C%20Pa" alt="p=1{,}59\ MPa=1{,}59\cdot10^6\ Pa"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(CO%5Cright)_%7Btasap.%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D122mol" alt="n\left(CO\right)_{tasap.}=0{,}122mol"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)" alt="n\left(H_2\right)"/>
<div>a)<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(kaasut%5Cright)_%7Btasap.%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7BpV%7D%7BRT%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D59%5Ccdot10%5E6%5C%20Pa%5Ccdot1%7B%2C%7D04%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-5%7Dm%5E3%7D%7B8%7B%2C%7D31451%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BPa%5Ccdot%20m%5E3%7D%7Bmol%5Ccdot%20K%7D%5Ccdot380%7B%2C%7D15K%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D52317%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(kaasut\right)_{tasap.}=\frac{pV}{RT}=\frac{1{,}59\cdot10^6\ Pa\cdot1{,}04\cdot10^{-5}m^3}{8{,}31451\ \frac{Pa\cdot m^3}{mol\cdot K}\cdot380{,}15K}=0{,}52317\ mol"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(CH_3OH%5Cright)_%7Btasap.%7D%3Dn%5Cleft(kaasut%5Cright)_%7Btasap.%7D-n%5Cleft(CO%5Cright)_%7Btasap.%7D-n%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)_%7Btasap.%7D%3D%5Cleft(0%7B%2C%7D52317-0%7B%2C%7D122-0%7B%2C%7D298%5Cright)mol%3D0%7B%2C%7D10317%5C%20mol%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D103%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(CH_3OH\right)_{tasap.}=n\left(kaasut\right)_{tasap.}-n\left(CO\right)_{tasap.}-n\left(H_2\right)_{tasap.}=\left(0{,}52317-0{,}122-0{,}298\right)mol=0{,}10317\ mol\approx0{,}103\ mol"/></div>
<div>Lasketaan tasapainokonsentraatiot</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BCO%5Cright%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D122mol%7D%7B1%7B%2C%7D04dm%5E3%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D11731%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="\left[CO\right]=\frac{0{,}122mol}{1{,}04dm^3}=0{,}11731\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BH_2%5Cright%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D298mol%7D%7B1%7B%2C%7D04dm%5E3%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D28654%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="\left[H_2\right]=\frac{0{,}298mol}{1{,}04dm^3}=0{,}28654\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BCH_3OH%5Cright%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D103mol%7D%7B1%7B%2C%7D04dm%5E3%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D099038%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="\left[CH_3OH\right]=\frac{0{,}103mol}{1{,}04dm^3}=0{,}099038\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/><br/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BCh_3OH%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BCO%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BH_2%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D099038%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%7D%7B%5Cleft(0%7B%2C%7D11731%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5Ccdot%5Cleft(0%7B%2C%7D29654%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[Ch_3OH\right]}{\left[CO\right]\left[H_2\right]^2}=\frac{0{,}099038\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}}{\left(0{,}11731\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)\cdot\left(0{,}29654\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^2}"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%3D10%7B%2C%7D282%5C%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-2%7D%5Capprox10%7B%2C%7D3%5C%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-2%7D" alt="=10{,}282\ \left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^{-2}\approx10{,}3\ \left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^{-2}"/>
2019-10-10T08:31:02+03:00
Teksti
https://peda.net/id/2575c15eeb1
2019-10-10T08:23:52+03:00
<span>2.19</span>
<div>a. 400°C, 500 bar/61%</div>
<div>b.</div>
<div>c. 17%</div>
<div><br/>
<div>2.20</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cmathrm%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AReaktio%26Muutos%26Tasapainotilan%5C%20siirty%5Cmin%20en%26K_c%3An%5C%20lukuarvon%5C%20muutos%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0A1.%26Poistetaan%5C%20rikkitrioksidia%26%5Crightarrow%26Ei%5C%20muutoksia%5C%5C%0A2.%5C%20%26Nostetaan%5C%20l%C3%A4mp%C3%B6tilaa%26%5Cleftarrow%26Pienenee%5C%5C%0A3.%5C%20%26Nostetaan%5C%20l%C3%A4mp%C3%B6tilaa%26%5Crightarrow%26Kasvaa%5C%5C%0A4.%26Lasketaan%5C%20l%C3%A4mp%C3%B6tilaa%26%5Crightarrow%26Kasvaa%5C%5C%0A5.%5C%20%26Nostetaan%5C%20painetta%26%5Crightarrow%26Ei%5C%20muutoksia%5C%5C%0A%26%26%26%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D%7D%7D" alt="\mathrm{\mathrm{\begin{array}{l|l} Reaktio&Muutos&Tasapainotilan\ siirty\min en&K_c:n\ lukuarvon\ muutos\\ \hline 1.&Poistetaan\ rikkitrioksidia&\rightarrow&Ei\ muutoksia\\ 2.\ &Nostetaan\ lämpötilaa&\leftarrow&Pienenee\\ 3.\ &Nostetaan\ lämpötilaa&\rightarrow&Kasvaa\\ 4.&Lasketaan\ lämpötilaa&\rightarrow&Kasvaa\\ 5.\ &Nostetaan\ painetta&\rightarrow&Ei\ muutoksia\\ &&& \end{array}}}"/></div>
<div>2.21</div>
<div>2.24</div>
<div>2.25</div>
<div>2.26</div>
<div>2.27</div>
<div>2.28</div>
</div>
2019-10-10T08:23:52+03:00
Teksti
https://peda.net/id/1b38530ae35
2019-09-30T10:22:48+03:00
<span>2.12</span>
<div>A d</div>
<div>B a<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E3%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E4%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%3D%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-2%7D" alt="\frac{\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^3}=\frac{\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^4}=\frac{1}{\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^2}=\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^{-2}"/></div>
<div>C c<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%7D%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%7D%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%7D%3Dmol%5E%7B-1%7D%5Ccdot%20dm%5E3" alt="\frac{\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)}{\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)}{\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^2}=\frac{1}{\left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)}=mol^{-1}\cdot dm^3"/></div>
<div>D d</div>
<div><br/>
<div>2.13</div>
<div>a)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BSO_3%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BSO_2%5Cright%5D%5E2%5Cleft%5BO_2%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%2C%7D%5C%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-1%7D" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[SO_3\right]^2}{\left[SO_2\right]^2\left[O_2\right]}{,}\ \left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^{-1}"/></div>
<div>b)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BH_2%5Cright%5D%5E3%5Cleft%5BCO%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BCH_4%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BH_2O%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%2C%7D%5C%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E2" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[H_2\right]^3\left[CO\right]}{\left[CH_4\right]\left[H_2O\right]}{,}\ \left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^2"/></div>
<div>c) </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BHCOOCH%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BCH_3OH%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BHCOOCH_3%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BH_2O%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%2C%7D%5C%20%5Cmathrm%7Bei%5C%20yksikk%C3%B6%C3%A4%7D" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[HCOOCH\right]\left[CH_3OH\right]}{\left[HCOOCH_3\right]\left[H_2O\right]}{,}\ \mathrm{ei\ yksikköä}"/></div>
<div>d)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_c%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BH_2O%5Cright%5D%5E2%5Cleft%5BCl_2%5Cright%5D%5E2%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BHCl%5Cright%5D%5E4%5Cleft%5BO_2%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%2C%7D%5C%20%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Cright)%5E%7B-1%7D" alt="K_c=\frac{\left[H_2O\right]^2\left[Cl_2\right]^2}{\left[HCl\right]^4\left[O_2\right]}{,}\ \left(\frac{mol}{dm^3}\right)^{-1}"/></div>
<div> </div>
<div>2.14</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_%7Bpr%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bp_i%5Cleft(%5Cright)%5Ccdot%20p_i%5Cleft(%5Cright)%5E%7B%20%7D%7D%7Bp_i%5Cleft(%5Cright)%5Ccdot%20p_i%5Cleft(%5Cright)%7D" alt="K_{pr}=\frac{p_i\left(\right)\cdot p_i\left(\right)^{ }}{p_i\left(\right)\cdot p_i\left(\right)}"/></div>
<div>2.15</div>
<div>2.16</div>
<div>2.17</div>
<div>2.18</div>
</div>
2019-09-30T10:22:48+03:00
Teksti
https://peda.net/id/ee7c4aeee11
2019-09-27T13:31:14+03:00
<span>2.1</span>
<div>A c</div>
<div>B a,d</div>
<div>C a,c,d</div>
<div>D b</div>
<div>E a,b</div>
<div>F a,b</div>
<div><br/>
<div>2.2</div>
<div>b homogeeninen</div>
<div>d heterogeeninen</div>
<div>e homogeeninen</div>
<div>f heterogeeninen</div>
<div> </div>
<div>2.3</div>
<div>Kuvassa A reaktio tapahtuu täydelisesti, sillä hiilidioksidi vapautuu avonaisesta astiasta. Kuvassa B olevaan astiaan muodostuu tasapainotila, sillä astia on suljettu. Hiilidioksidia muodostuu vain tietty määrä, ja se reagoi takaisin vetykarbonaatiksi samalla nopeudella kuin sitä muodostuu. Muodostunutta tasapainotilaa kuvaava reaktioyhtälö on </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=HCO_3%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Cxrightleftharpoons%5B%5D%7B%7DCO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="HCO_3^-\left(aq\right)+H^+\left(aq\right)\xrightleftharpoons[]{}CO_2\left(g\right)+H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div>
<br/>
<div>2.4</div>
<div>2.6</div>
<div>2.7</div>
<div>2.9</div>
<div>2.11</div>
</div>
2019-09-27T13:31:14+03:00
Teksti
https://peda.net/id/cf5be3e0e11
2019-11-05T23:12:06+02:00
1.11
<div>a) </div>
<div>0-10s 0,80 cm³/s</div>
<div>5-20s 0,53 cm³/s</div>
<div>b) </div>
<div>Hapen muodostumisnopeus pienenee, kun reaktio etenee, sillä vetyperoksidin konsentraatio pienenee, jolloin suotuisia törmäyksiä tapahtuu vähemmän aikayksikköä kohden. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>1.13</div>
<div>a)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B2HCl%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20MgCl_2%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="Mg^{2+}\left(s\right)+2HCl\left(aq\right)\rightarrow MgCl_2\left(aq\right)+H_2\left(g\right)"/></div>
<div>b)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5CDelta%20t%3D1%7B%2C%7D0%5Cmin-0%7B%2C%7D0%5Cmin%3D1%7B%2C%7D0%5Cmin" alt="\Delta t=1{,}0\min-0{,}0\min=1{,}0\min"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5CDelta%20V%3D16%7B%2C%7D0ml-0%7B%2C%7D0ml%3D16%7B%2C%7D0ml" alt="\Delta V=16{,}0ml-0{,}0ml=16{,}0ml"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=v%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta%20V%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B16%7B%2C%7D0ml%7D%7B1%7B%2C%7D0%5Cmin%7D%3D16%7B%2C%7D0%5Cfrac%7Bml%7D%7B%5Cmin%7D" alt="v=\frac{\Delta V}{\Delta t}=\frac{16{,}0ml}{1{,}0\min}=16{,}0\frac{ml}{\min}"/><br/>
<div>c) Joko magnesium tai suolahappo (tai molemmat) ovat kuluneet loppuun, joten reaktiotuotetta ei muodostu enää lisää<br/>
<span>d)</span>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5CDelta%20t%3D5%7B%2C%7D0-3%7B%2C%7D1%5Cmin%3D1%7B%2C%7D9%5Cmin" alt="\Delta t=5{,}0-3{,}1\min=1{,}9\min"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5CDelta%20V%3D41%7B%2C%7D5ml-35%7B%2C%7D0ml%3D6%7B%2C%7D5ml" alt="\Delta V=41{,}5ml-35{,}0ml=6{,}5ml"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=v%3D%5Cfrac%7B6%7B%2C%7D5ml%7D%7B1%7B%2C%7D9%5Cmin%7D%3D3%7B%2C%7D421%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bml%7D%7B%5Cmin%7D%5Capprox3%7B%2C%7D4%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bml%7D%7B%5Cmin%7D" alt="v=\frac{6{,}5ml}{1{,}9\min}=3{,}421\ \frac{ml}{\min}\approx3{,}4\ \frac{ml}{\min}"/>
<div>e)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3D40%7B%2C%7D0ml%3D0%7B%2C%7D0400dm%5E3" alt="V\left(H_2\right)=40{,}0ml=0{,}0400dm^3"/></div>
<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V_m%3D22%7B%2C%7D41%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bdm%5E3%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="V_m=22{,}41\ \frac{dm^3}{mol}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(Mg%5Cright)%3D24%7B%2C%7D31%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(Mg\right)=24{,}31\ \frac{g}{mol}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Mg%5Cright)%3D%3F" alt="m\left(Mg\right)=?"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7BV%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%7D%7BV_m%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D0400dm%5E3%7D%7B22%7B%2C%7D41%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bdm%5E3%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D7849%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D" alt="n\left(H_2\right)=\frac{V\left(H_2\right)}{V_m}=\frac{0{,}0400dm^3}{22{,}41\ \frac{dm^3}{mol}}=1{,}7849\cdot10^{-3}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Mg%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3D1%7B%2C%7D74849%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(Mg\right)=n\left(H_2\right)=1{,}74849\cdot10^{-3}mol"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Mg%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(Mg%5Cright)%5Ccdot%20M%5Cleft(Mg%5Cright)%3D1%7B%2C%7D7489%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol%5Ccdot24%7B%2C%7D31%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D043391g%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D0434g" alt="m\left(Mg\right)=n\left(Mg\right)\cdot M\left(Mg\right)=1{,}7489\cdot10^{-3}mol\cdot24{,}31\ \frac{g}{mol}=0{,}043391g\approx0{,}0434g"/><span>f)</span><br/>
<br/>
</div>
<div>
<div>1.15<br/>
<br/>
</div>
<div>1.16<br/>
a) Katalyytti tulee lisätä mahdollisimman nopeasti ja siten, että kiinteä jauhe menee pullon<br/>
pohjalle, jotta vetyperoksidin hajoamisreaktio käynnistyy. Erlenmeyerpullo tulee sulkea<br/>
mahdollisimman nopeasti, ettei muodostuvaa happikaasua pääse karkaamaan avonaisesta<br/>
pullosta.<br/>
b) Täyspipetillä (tai byretillä).<br/>
c) Mangaanidioksidi ei ole lähtöaine, joten sen tarkalla määrällä ei ole merkitystä<br/>
reaktionopeuden kannalta.<br/>
d) Jos käytetään isoa erlenmeyerpulloa, reaktiossa vapautuva kaasu nostaa pullon<br/>
painetta hitaammin, jolloin mäntä liikkuu vähemmän ja kaasun tilavuuteen tulee suurempi<br/>
mittausvirhe.<br/>
e) Kirkas vetyperoksidiliuos muuttuu tummaksi/värjäytyy, kun mangaanidioksidia liukenee.<br/>
Liuoksessa havaitaan kaasun muodostumista/kuplimista. Kaasuruiskun mäntä liikkuu<br/>
eteenpäin, kun reaktiossa vapautuvaa kaasua kerääntyy ruiskuun. Pullo lämpenee, sillä<br/>
reaktio on eksoterminen.<br/>
<br/>
</div>
<div>1.17<br/>
<span>a) Kokeiden 2 ja 3 perusteella (otsonin konsentraatio on vakio) typpimonoksidin konsentraation lisääntyminen nopeuttaa reaktiota. Kun typpimonoksidin konsentraatio kolminkertaistuu, myös reaktionopeus kolminkertaistuu. </span>
<div>b)</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=k%3D2%7B%2C%7D20%5Ccdot10%5E7mol%5E%7B-1%7D%5Ccdot%20dm%5E3%5Ccdot%20s%5E%7B-1%7D" alt="k=2{,}20\cdot10^7mol^{-1}\cdot dm^3\cdot s^{-1}"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%3D4%7B%2C%7D50%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-6%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(NO\right)=4{,}50\cdot10^{-6}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(O_3%5Cright)%3D7%7B%2C%7D20%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-6%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(O_3\right)=7{,}20\cdot10^{-6}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=v%3D%3F" alt="v=?"/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=v%3Dk%5Ccdot%20c%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%5Ccdot%20c%5Cleft(O_3%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D20%5Ccdot10%5E7%5C%20mol%5E%7B-1%7D%5Ccdot%20dm%5E3%5Ccdot%20s%5E%7B-1%7D%5Ccdot4%7B%2C%7D50%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-6%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Ccdot7%7B%2C%7D20%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-6%5C%20%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%3D7%7B%2C%7D1280%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Ccdot%20s%5Capprox7%7B%2C%7D13%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Ccdot%20s" alt="v=k\cdot c\left(NO\right)\cdot c\left(O_3\right)=2{,}20\cdot10^7\ mol^{-1}\cdot dm^3\cdot s^{-1}\cdot4{,}50\cdot10^{-6}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\cdot7{,}20\cdot10^{-6\ }\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}=7{,}1280\cdot10^{-4}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\cdot s\approx7{,}13\cdot10^{-4}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\cdot s"/></div>
c)<br/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=v%3D5%7B%2C%7D15%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Ccdot%20s" alt="v=5{,}15\cdot10^{-3}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\cdot s"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=k%3D1%7B%2C%7D15%5Ccdot10%5E8mol%5E%7B-1%7D%5Ccdot%20dm%5E3%5Ccdot%20s%5E%7B-1%7D" alt="k=1{,}15\cdot10^8mol^{-1}\cdot dm^3\cdot s^{-1}"/><br/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(O_3%5Cright)%3D2.50%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-6%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(O_3\right)=2.50\cdot10^{-6}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%3D%3F" alt="c\left(NO\right)=?"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=v%3Dk%5Ccdot%20c%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%5Ccdot%20c%5Cleft(O_3%5Cright)" alt="v=k\cdot c\left(NO\right)\cdot c\left(O_3\right)"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5CRightarrow%20c%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bv%7D%7Bk%5Ccdot%20c%5Cleft(O_3%5Cright)%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B5%7B%2C%7D15%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5Cleft(mol%5Ccdot%20dm%5E%7B-3%7D%5Ccdot%20s%5E%7B-1%7D%5Cright)%7D%7B1%7B%2C%7D15%5Ccdot10%5E8%5Cleft(mol%5Ccdot%20dm%5E3%5Ccdot%20s%5E%7B-1%7D%5Cright)%5Ccdot2%7B%2C%7D50%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-6%7D%5Cleft(mol%5Ccdot%20dm%5E%7B-3%7D%5Cright)%7D" alt="\Rightarrow c\left(NO\right)=\frac{v}{k\cdot c\left(O_3\right)}=\frac{5{,}15\cdot10^{-3}\left(mol\cdot dm^{-3}\cdot s^{-1}\right)}{1{,}15\cdot10^8\left(mol\cdot dm^3\cdot s^{-1}\right)\cdot2{,}50\cdot10^{-6}\left(mol\cdot dm^{-3}\right)}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%3D1%7B%2C%7D7913%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-5%7Dmol%5Ccdot%20dm%5E%7B-3%7D%5Capprox1%7B%2C%7D79%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-5%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="=1{,}7913\cdot10^{-5}mol\cdot dm^{-3}\approx1{,}79\cdot10^{-5}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
<div>1.19</div>
</div>
2019-09-27T13:30:22+03:00
Teksti
https://peda.net/id/b0cefdb8dac
2019-11-05T19:35:38+02:00
1. <br/>
1 – H<br/>
2 – F<br/>
3 – D<br/>
4 – C<br/>
5 – E<br/>
6 – I<br/>
7 – A<br/>
8 – J<br/>
9 – B<br/>
10 – G <br/>
<br/>
2.<br/>
1. I (happo+karbonaatti)<br/>
2. H (happo+emäs=suola+ vesi)<br/>
3. B ()<br/>
4. F (Reatio hapen kanssa(Täydellinen palaminen: hiilidioksidi+vesi))<br/>
5. A<br/>
6. C<br/>
7. D<br/>
8. G<br/>
9. E<br/>
10. J<br/>
<br/>
3.<br/>
1. Endoterminen<br/>
2. Eksoterminen<br/>
3. Endoterminen<br/>
4. Eksoterminen<br/>
5. Endoterminen<br/>
<br/>
6.<br/>
a. Natriumkloridin moolimassa, joka on 58,44g/mol<br/>
b. Natriumkloridin konsentraatio, joka on 0,15mol/l<br/>
c. Kloorin konsentraatio, joka on 0,25 mol/l<br/>
e. looriatomin suhteellista atomimassaa, joka on 35,45<br/>
f. Kaasun moolitilavuutta, kun lämpötila on 0 °C ja paine 1,01 325 bar<br/>
<br/>
7.<br/>
a) Väärin – Yhdessä moolissa typpikaasua (N2) on 2 ∙ 6,022 ∙ 1023 typpiatomia. <br/>
b) Oikein<br/>
c) Väärin - Kaksi moolia vetykaasua sisältää 2*6,022*10^23 vetymolekyyliä<br/>
d) Väärin - M=253,80 g/mol<br/>
e) Väärin - n(O_2)=0,50 mol ja n(Ne)=1,0 mol<br/>
f) Oikein<br/>
<br/>
8.<br/>
A. C<br/>
B. B<br/>
C. C<br/>
D. B<br/>
E. A<br/>
F. A
2019-09-19T13:24:41+03:00