ENA6 / Haaksluoto / 2025 - 2026 / 6. periodi

course outline / kurssiohjelma

2026-04-07T23:57:00+03:00

KOE on perjantaina 22.5.2026 klo 17.00 – 21.00 luokassa 31. Koe on Otavan sähköinen koe. Ota mukaan oma kannettavasi täyteen ladattuna sekä tarvittavat sähköjohdot ja LANGALLISET KUULOKKEET.

Koealue:

VOCABULARY
Text 2 You’ve got mail p. 10 – 25
Text 5 We want you! p. 50 – 59
Glossary: Education p. 36 – 38
Glossary: Working life p. 60 – 61
Glossary: Economy p. 112 – 113
GRAMMAR
Adjectives & Adverbs p. 152 – 173
Reported Speech p. 174 – 185
Verb + Preposition p. 187 – 191
Noun + Preposition p. 197 – 200
Adjective + Preposition p. 203 – 209
LISTENING COMPREHENSION & VIDEOS
READING COMPREHENSION
PRODUCTION (700 – 1,300 characters)

course outline / kurssiohjelma

ENA6 / SCHOOL YEAR 2024 - 2025 / PERIOD VI

Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukio, Urheilukatu 10 - 12, 00250 Helsinki

Teacher: Erja H. Haaksluoto, e-mail: erja.haaksluoto@tyk.fi

Available for consultation: before and after the lessons and on Mondays at 20.05 - 20.45 hours (= so-called KIELIKLINIKKA) either in class room 31 at Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukio, Urheilukatu 10 – 12, 00250 Helsinki (except NOT during the exam weeks) or online on Google Meet at the following link:

meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj

Book: Elina Karapalo – Paula Keltto – Mark Kilmer – Päivi Kuusivaara – Teijo Päkkilä – Annukka Suonio: New Insights Module 6 (Otava)

SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE COURSE:

On course 6 we are focusing on three main themes: future, studying and working. In grammar and structures we shall deal with some important structures such as ADJECTIVES, and ADVERBS, REPORTED SPEECH, and PREPOSITIONS.

We shall meet 11 (eleven) times Mondays and Wednesdays at 17.00 – 18.20 hours in class room 31 or online on Google Meet at the following link: meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj as follows:

STUDY PLAN:

April 15, 2026: Introduction to the course // Home Assignments: Curriculum Vitae & Personal Statement p. 142 – 145 // Text 2 You’ve got mail p. 11 – 14 / ex. 2c p. 16
April 20, 2026: ex. 2d p. 17 / ex. 2e & 1f p. 18 – 19 / ex. 2j p. 23 // GRAMMAR: ADJECTIVES p. 154 – 160 / ex. 2 & 3 p. 161
April 22, 2026: ex. 5 p. 162; ex. 6 & 7 p. 163 - 164 // GRAMMAR: ADVERBS p. 166 – 169
April 27, 2026: ex. 10 & 11 p. 143; ex. 12 p. 144 – 145; ex. 13 p. 145 // GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENTS) p. 146 – 150
April 29, 2026: Glossary: Education p. 36 - 38 / ex. A p. 37 // Text 5 We want you! p. 51 - 53
May 4, 2026: ex. 5b & 5c p. 55 // ex. C p. 38 // Glossary: Working life p. 60 - 61 / ex. A, B & C p. 61
May 6, 2026: GRAMMAR: REPORTED SPEECH (INDIRECT QUESTIONS) p. 176 – 178 // ex. 18 p. 180
May 11, 2026: ex. 21 p. 182 // COMMANDS, PROHIBITIONS, AND REQUESTS p. 184 / ex. 27 p. 185 // ex. 28 p. 185 // Glossary: Economy p. 112 - 113
May 13, 2026: GRAMMAR: // GRAMMAR: VERBS WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS p. 194 // GRAMMAR: VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS p. 187 – 191 / ex. 31 p. 193 / ex. 34 p. 196 // ex. A, B & C p. 113
May 18, 2026: GRAMMAR: NOUNS AND PREPOSITIONS p. 197 – 200 / GRAMMAR: ADJECTIVES AND PREPOSITIONS p. 203 – 209 / ex. 38 p. 202 // ex. 41 & 42 p. 212 // Repetitia

HOME ASSIGNMENTS:

CV (CURRICULUM VITAE) in English / DEADLINE: on May 18th, 2026 / Before you do anything, have a close look at pages 142 - 143!
PERSONAL STATEMENT (700 – 1,300 characters) (= exercise 1 / STEP 1, page 145) DEADLINE: on May 18th, 2026 / Before you do anything, have a close look at pages 144 - 145!

DIGITAL EXAM at 17.00 – 21.00 hours on Thursday, May 22nd, 2026

a) LC / listening comprehension
b) RC / reading comprehension
c) MC / multiple choice
d) Grammar: 1) adjectives, 2) adverbs, 3) reported speech, 4) verbs without prepositions, 5) verbs with prepositions, 6) nouns with prepositions, 7) adjectives with prepositions
e) Translations and vocabulary on the texts that we have dealt with during the course
f) Composition of 700 – 1,300 charactars

THE GRADE ON COURSE 6 CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:

Written digital exam with the listening parts at 17.00 – 21.00 hours on Friday, May 22nd, 2026
Home Assignments (+)
Activity during the lessons (+)

You will have your exams back on e-mail, but I shall be available for questions in person in Class Room 31 or digitally at 16.00 – 17.30 on Thursday, May 28th, 2026.

RETAKE EXAM:

at 17.00 – 20.05 hours on Friday, on September 4th, 2026 = UUSINTAKOE, johon on ehdottomasti ILMOITTAUDUTTAVA ETUKÄTEEN kansliasta saatavalla vaaleansinisellä lomakkeella viimeistään VIIKKOA ENNEN KOETTA eli perjantaina 28.8.2026. Uusintakoelomakkeesta on myös olemassa sähköinen lomake. Nettisivuilla on pdf, jonka voi suoraan täyttää ja lähettää liitetiedostona kansliaan. Lomake löytyy täältä: https://www.tyk.fi/aikuislukio/tietoa/lomakkeet

April 15th, 2026

2026-04-15T20:22:20+03:00

HW: ex. A, B & C p. 37 - 38

He majored in European History.
I majored in English Philology when I was at (the) university. = My major was English Philology when I was at (the) university.

apply to university / school: He applied to Harvard University.
Have you applied for a summer job?

prestige (n.)
prestigious (adj.): Harvard is a prestigious university.

apply (v.)
an applicant (n.)
an application (n.)

exercises on pages 37 - 38

2026-04-20T20:59:22+03:00

Glossary: Education
exercise A In 1. junior high I had no idea that I would be writing my 2. thesis / doctoral thesis in biochemistry. Biology was one of my least favourite subjects in 3. upper secondary school / senior high school / high school / sixth form and I didn’t take any 4. optional/elective courses on biology, let alone chemistry. After 5. graduating, I started to think what I might become eventually. I had poor grades from my 6. matriculation examination, meaning that I would have to 7. retake/resit nearly all the exams and consider taking new ones as well. And I started 8. cramming / to cram in earnest. Gradually, biology became fascinating and first jokingly, I started talking about 9. majoring in biology. And that was the course I eventually 10. applied for and got accepted to as well. I spent a year at Stockholm University as an 11. undergraduate, which gave me a clear idea of what my 12. Master’s thesis / master's thesis would be about. It took me a year to complete it, but I was praised for my work. And one thing led to another, so I found myself applying for 13. grants / a grant and getting prepared for 14. postgraduate studies. So here I am.

exercise B 1. semester 2. elective 3. thesis 4. major 5. enrol 6. flunk 7. faculty 8. polytechnic 9. applicant 10. university 11. credit 12. grant 13. non-graded 14. report 15. exam 16. campus 17. diploma

exercise C (Suggested) 1. Do you always have a full / busy schedule / timetable in each / every period?
2. I got a lot of new friends at the start / beginning of non-graded upper secondary school.
3. In comprehensive school I used to get good grades / marks.
4. Right now I'm studying for entrance exams.
5. A university of applied sciences / a polytechnic and open university also interest me. / I'm also interested in …

April 20th, 2026

2026-04-22T12:59:31+03:00

HW: 2b, c, d, e, f, g p. 16 - 21; ex. 2 & 3 p. 161

The Ivy League

mow the lawn = cut the grass
a lawn mower

dissertion = väitöskirja

MA = Master of Arts
MSc = Master of Science
BA = Bachelor of Arts
BSc = Bachelor of Science

voi käyttää vain predikatiiveina (ei attribuutteina): afraid / alone / asleep / ashamed / ajar / ablaze / awake / apart / afloat / glad
Are you afraid of death?
She is a frightened child.

The sooner, the better. = Mtä pikemmin, sitä parempi.
The older I grow, the wiser I hopefully become.

ADJEKTIIVIT:
adjektiiveille on tyypillistä KOMPARAATIO l. vertailu:
slow, slower, the slowest
beautiful, more beautiful, the most beautiful

She is as slow as I am.
I am slower THAN you.
Who is the slowest walker?

kaksitavuiset:
He is handsomer than his brother.
He is more handsome than his brother.

jos y:tä ennen on konsonantti, y muuttuu i:ksi:
happy, happier, the happiest
(BUT: shy, shyer, the shyest)

ääntymättömän loppu-e:n jälkeen ei tule toista e:tä:
large, larger, the largest

loppukonsonatti kahdentuu:
thin, thinner, the thinnest
big, bigger, the biggest

epäsäännölliset:
good, better, the best
bad / ill, worse, the worst
far, farther / further, the farthest / the furthest
farther, kun puhutaan maantieteellisistä asioista:
Enontekiö is farther than Kittilä.
What is the farthest city in the world?
further: For further information, go to the office.
further education (= lisäkoulutus)
old, older / elder, the oldest / the eldest

April 22nd, 2026

2026-04-22T18:37:58+03:00

HW: ex. 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 p. 162 - 164, ex. 9 & 10 p. 170

adverbit:
tavan adverbejä:
slowly, more slowly, most slowly
I walk slowly.
I walk more slowly than you.
Who walks most slowly? = hitaimmin

beautifully, more beautifully, most beautifully

automatic, energetic, basic, systematic
I do it automatically.
He works energetically.
basically
He works systematically.
NB! public: Many people are afraid of speaking in public / pubicly.

easy: easily = helposti
happy: And they lived happily ever after.
BUT: shy: She smiled at us shyly.

loppu-e katoaa:
true: truly / Yours Truly
whole: wholly
due: duly

NB! -ly-loppuisia adjektiiveja: friendly = kind, lovely, lively, silly
She smiled at us in a friendly way / manner / fashion.
She behaved in a lovely way / manner / fashion.
Mary speaks in a lively way / manner / fashion.
They behaved in a silly way / manner / fashion.

late:
I took a late bus home.
He wakes up late in the mornings.
My late sister never came late. = Edesmennyt sisareni ei koskaan tullut myöhässä.

lately:
What have you been up to lately?

NB!
He is a hard worker.
hard-working = diligent = ahkera
He works very hard.
HARDLY:
He hardly works.
hardly= barely = scarcely = TUSKIN

shortly: He will come here shortly. = soon
briefly: He told us about Finnish history briefly. = in a nutshell

In Finland many people are highly educated. = korkeasti koulutettuja

intimidate (v.) = pelotella

Teksti

2026-04-22T20:39:30+03:00

exercise 2b

Which sentence is in keeping with the text?

1. b. The walk to the mailbox was an unpleasant experience.
2. a. Mr Lynch wasn’t used to seeing Eric get the mail.
3. a. Eric was expecting an important letter.
4. b. Waiting for the letter had made Eric a nervous wreck.
5. a. In the imagined letter, Eric is given little hope of a successful future.
6. a. Eric had studied a lot to get a place at Harvard.
7. b. The thickness of the letter was a positive sign, but Eric wasn’t convinced.
8. b. Mr Lynch went inside since he disliked the display of joy.
9. b. Eric hadn’t hugged his father properly for a long time.
10. b. The pictures in the brochure reflected an unfamiliar environment to Eric.

Teksti

2026-04-22T20:41:42+03:00

exercise 2c p. 16


1. sen on täytynyt näyttää melko oudolta	it must have looked pretty weird
2. paljon kauhistuttavampi	far more terrifying
3. naapurimme kadun toisella puolella	our neighbour across the street
4. niin perheenjäsenet olivat minulle kertoneet	that's what I had been told by family members
5. velvollisia sanomaan sellaisia asioita	obligated to say such things
6. ei ollut tarpeeksi hyvä Harvardiin	wasn't good enough for Harvard
7. tarkasteltuamme hakemustanne huolellisesti	after carefully reviewing your application
8. siinä tapauksessa, että	in the event that
9. kysymys elämästä ja kuolemasta	a life or death situation
10. turvallisella etäisyydellä lähestyvästä liikenteestä	a safe distance away from oncoming traffic
11. kaikki kova työni oli oikeasti kannattanut	all my hard work had actually paid off
12. tyypilliseen Harvardin tapaan	in typical Harvard fashion
13. he olivat (liian) uppoutuneita hurraamiseen	they were too busy cheering
14. kikatteli ilahtuneena sitä lukiessa	was giggling with delight while reading it
15. käänsi sivua	turned the page

Teksti

2026-04-22T20:46:16+03:00

exercise 2d p. 17

Fill in according to the clues. Use the previous exercise for help.

A few years ago, I learned that sometimes it 1. pays off~~(kannattaa)~~ to ask for help. It was time to write my college application essays, but I was afraid
2. I wasn’t smart enough ~~(minä en ollut tarpeeksi fiksu)~~ and wouldn’t stand out from the crowd. My high school teachers said I was a bright student, but they were just 3. obligated to say so ~~(velvollisia sanomaan niin)~~. Finally, my mother told me to ask Mr Fuller from 4. across the street ~~(kadun toiselta puolen)~~ to
5. review my application ~~(tarkastaa hakemukseni)~~. He was a retired English professor, but he was very intimidating. However, the thought of not getting into college was 6. far more terrifying / far more frightening / far more scary ~~(paljon pelottavampi)~~, so I decided to go over to his house. This was 7. a life or death situation / a matter of life or death ~~(kysymys elämästä ja kuolemasta)~~, after all. I reminded my mum that my funeral song choice was “Another One Bites the Dust” (8. in the event that / in case ~~(siinä tapauksessa, että)~~ I wouldn’t make it back.) Mr Fuller opened the door and stared at me
9. in his typical grim fashion / in his typical grim manner / in his typical grim way ~~(tyypilliseen synkkään tapaansa)~~. I explained my situation and he agreed to go through my application. He wasn’t exactly
10. laughing with joy / laughing with delight ~~(nauranut ilosta)~~ when he read my essay, but he wasn’t cringing with embarrassment either. In the end, I got some useful advice and eventually I got into the college I had hoped to get into.

Teksti

2026-04-22T20:47:58+03:00

exercise 2e p. 18

Translate the questions into English. Then take turns answering them with your partner.

🔒 You will get the correct answers from your teacher.


1. Tiedätkö jo, mihin jatko-oppilaitoksiin olisit kiinnostunut hakemaan? Mihin ja miksi?	Do you already know which institutions of further study you'd be interested in applying to? Which ones and why?
2. Mitkä ovat mielestäsi vahvan hakijan ominaisuudet?	In your view/opinion, what are the characteristics of a strong applicant?
3. Saisiko se, ettet tule hyväksytyksi sinut päättäväisemmäksi vai epäröivämmäksi uravalinnastasi? Miksi?	Would a failure to get / not getting accepted make you more determined or hesitant/doubtful about your career choice? Why?
4. Millaisia neuvoja antaisit epäonnekkaalle hakijalle, joka on luopumaisillaan urasuunnitelmistaan?	What kind of advice would you give to an unsuccessful applicant who is about to abandon / give up their career plans?
5. Romahtaisiko maailmasi vai pysyisitkö iloisena ja innokkaana, jos ystäväsi tulisivat hyväksytyiksi ja sinä et?	Would your world collapse or would you remain cheerful and enthusiastic if your friends got accepted and you didn't?
6. Onko hyväksyminen aina myönteinen asia ja hylkääminen kielteinen? Selitä mielipiteesi.	Is acceptance always a positive thing and a rejection a negative one? Explain your views.

exercise 2f p. 19

2026-04-22T20:50:07+03:00

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

Teksti

2026-04-22T20:53:55+03:00

exercise 2g p. 20 - 21

Choose the best alternative.

Need-to-know list for an incoming freshman
The very beginning of your first year in college can be chaotic, exciting and stressful all 1. at the same time. Do not 2. fail to get organised and remember to do 3. a few essential things 4. in advance. Here’s a list of things to do that will help make you a little 5. less unprepared.

a. Acquire your student ID
When you have a student ID, you 6. pay less for meals at the dining hall. Your student ID can also get you discounts 7. such as cheaper movie tickets and reduced admission 8. prices, and you’ll want to take advantage of those.

b. Register for classes
This is one of the most critical tips. Do not wait until the last minute to register for your classes. The first week of college will be 9. stressful enough and registering late guarantees that your desired classes will already 10. be full.

c. Take a tour of the campus
College buildings can be very 11. confusing, and the last thing you want to do is to 12. show up 15 minutes late because you couldn’t find your lecture hall.

d. Get your textbooks
Don’t 13. make the mistake of waiting until your first day of class to get your textbooks. Professors like to 14. assign reading and homework right away.

e. Take notes
15. On the first day of college, your professors will probably review the syllabus and talk about the plan for the semester. They’re also 16. likely to list their office hours and contact information. You want to take notes of what they say.

f. Start homework long before it’s due
The homework you will be assigned is a world away from the high school homework you’re 17. used to getting. Start your assignments right away, so you’ll be sure to be done by the deadline. College professors tend to assign
18. a bigger amount of work over longer periods of time, so you won’t get the daily deadlines many high school courses provide.

g. Take a break
Your first days will be packed with classes, meetings and events – it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. Make sure you take time to relax and enjoy! Meet your mates for lunch or have a cup of coffee at that cool cafe. Your college will probably offer a set of orientation events and get-togethers 19. throughout the first few days, so take the 20. opportunity to chill and to find new friends.

exercises 5, 6, 7 & 8 p. 162 - 164

2026-04-27T20:19:54+03:00

exercise 5 Fill in. Use each word only once.
1. That was such a sick joke that I was physically ill afterwards.
2. I’m so afraid of scary movies.
3. I’m so glad to hear such happy news!
4. Judy says she is not a lonely person even though she lives alone.
5. You really should let sleeping dogs stay asleep.
6. Tina is living proof of what it is like when you are really alive.

exercise 6 Fill in according to the clues.
1. My baby sister is five years old, but I also have a twenty-year-old brother.
2. The news said that every young person / every teenager spends an astounding number of hours per day online.
3. Are you afraid of the unknown?
4. That’s it! You’re grounded for the next / the following three weeks.
5. Do you think young people / the young are more open-minded than old people / the old?
6. There are more 90-year-olds now than ever before.
7. Good old Peter. You can always trust him to take care of all the silly little details.
8. The past few weeks / The last couple of weeks have been the best weeks of my life.
9. My grandmother lived in that little red cottage up on the hill.

exercise 7 Fill in. I'm studying at 1. one of the best universities in London. It has 2. enormous / huge / massive stone buildings. It has all the facilities a good college should have, including 3. well-furnished classrooms and laboratories, and even our library is 4. better than / superior to that of any other school. Our new librarian is also 5. much / a lot more helpful than the previous one. Our dean is 6. by far the strictest disciplinarian there is, but I don’t think he is 7. as scary / frightening as some of the students say. However, if anyone violates the rules, they get punished. 8. “The more active you are in your studies, 9. the more versatile your future options will be”, he says. At our university, special attention is paid to behaviour and punctuality. 10. The best-behaved and 11. (the) most punctual student is awarded a prize every year. My university is very 12. similar to my dad’s school, except his was an all-boys school. My dad says getting a good education is becoming 13. more and more valuable / worthwhile in the modern world. But he also says it is 14. even more vital / crucial to do what really makes me happy.

exercise 8 Step 1 Replace the underlined adjectives with synonyms given in the box below. Do not use the word very. 1. This document is impeccable and carefully written. 2. Were you jittery before your speech at the assembly? 3. It's always nice to receive thanks that seem heartfelt. 4. The pain in my knee was excruciating. 5. Our school halls are packed just before the lunch break. 6. The news about the outbreak of war was devastating. 7. Sorry, we can't lend you a hand. All of our staff is swamped at the moment. 8. Were you thrilled to learn about your new scholarship? 9. The sound of the rain at the concert was deafening. 10. My problems seem frivolous compared to yours. 11. Look at the view! The scenery around here is gorgeous. 12. Winning the lottery was mind-blowing! I never usually win anything.

exercises 6 & 7 p. 170

2026-04-27T20:24:42+03:00

exercise 9 Work with a partner and change the adjectives into adverbs.
1. carefully
2. gently
3. happily
4. dramatically
5. in a friendly way / manner
6. hard
7. possibly
8. well
9. wholly
10. funnily
11. early
12. automatically
13. publicly / in public
14. beautifully
15. badly
16. briefly
17. shyly
18. straight
19. duly
20. late

exercise 10 Work with a partner and say the sentences in English.
1. They lived happily ever after.
2. Peter works very hard and still always smiles kindly / in a friendly way / manner.
3. I’ll be/come home shortly / soon.
4. Briefly explain to me what happened. / Explain to me briefly what happened.
5. Do you always sleep this late?
6. I’ve woken up before seven every morning lately/recently.
7. I hate to sing in public / publicly.
8. The car was slipping / slipped sideways on the road.
9. Do you think it is important to be highly educated?
10. The movie/film last night was totally / really amazing.
11. I’m a bit late as usual.
12. This test / exam was surprisingly easy!

April 27th, 2026

2026-04-29T14:18:37+03:00

HW: ex. 12 & 13 p. 172 - 173, ex. 16 p. 179

REPORTED SPEECH:

1. STATEMENTS:
"I will not die tomorrow."
a) Donald Trump says (that) he will not die tomorrow.
b) Donald Trump said (that) he would not die the next day / the following day.

"I have visited Scotland many times."
a) Donald Trump tells the press (that) he has visited Scotland many times.
b) Donald Trump told the press (that) he had visited Scotland many times.

"I had five o'clock afternoon tea with the King and the Queen yesterday."

a) Donald Trump boasts (that) he had five o'clock afternoon tea with the King and the Queen yesterday.
b) Donald Trump boasted (that) he had (had) five o'clock afternoon with the King and the Queen the previous day / the day before.

JOS JOHTOLAUSE on IMPERFEKTISSÄ, niin suoran esityksen verbi muuttuu seuraavasti:
preesens - imperfekti
impferfekti - imperfekti / pluskvamperfekti
perfekti - pluskvamperfekti
will - would
can - could
may - might

tomorrow - the next / following day
yesterday - the previous day / the day before

suora kysymys:
"What do we eat?"
Jos edellä on jotain, suora kysymys muuttuu epäsuoraksi kysymykseksi, jos on SUORA SANAJÄRJESTYS (= subjekti ensin, sitten predikaatti):
We are what we eat.

She is exceptionally beautiful.
She walked surprisingly slowly.

ADJEKTIIVIN SUBSTANTIVOIMINEN:
the young = nuoret / the old = vanhat; predikaatti tulee monikkoon:
The rich have different problems than the poor.

BUT: The unknown scares me. (kun asia on substantivoitu, predikaatti tulee yksikköön)

good old England = vanha kunnon Englanti

exercises 5, 6, 7, & 8 p. 162 - 165

2026-04-29T14:22:04+03:00

exercise 5

Fill in. Use each word only once.

glad • alone • asleep • scary • sick • sleeping •
alive • ill • happy • afraid • living • lonely

That was such a sick joke that I was almost physically ill afterwards. ~~(sairas; sairas)~~
I’m so afraid of scary movies. ~~(peloissaan; pelottava)~~
I’m so glad to hear such happy news! ~~(iloinen; iloinen)~~
Judy says she is not a lonely person even though she lives alone. ~~(yksinäinen; yksin)~~
You really should let sleeping dogs stay asleep. ~~(nukkuva; unessa)~~
Tina is living proof of what it is like when you are really alive. ~~(elävä; elossa)~~

Teksti

2026-04-29T15:45:50+03:00

exercise 6

Fill in according to the clues.

My baby sister is five years old / 5 years old~~(5 vuotta vanha)~~, but I also have a twenty-year-old / 20-year-old~~(20-vuotias)~~ brother.
The news said that every young person / every teenager~~(jokainen nuori)~~ spends an astounding number of hours per day online.
Are you afraid of the unknown~~(tuntematon)~~?
That’s it! You’re grounded for the next three weeks / the following three weeks~~(kolme seuraavaa viikkoa)~~.
Do you think young people / the young~~(nuoret)~~ are more open-minded than old people / the old~~(vanhat)~~?
There are more 90-year-olds / ninety-year-olds~~(90-vuotiaita)~~ now than ever before.
Good old~~(Vanha kunnon)~~ Peter. You can always trust him to take care of all the silly little~~(pienet hölmöt)~~ details.
The past few weeks / The last couple of weeks~~(Pari viimeistä viikkoa)~~ have been the best weeks of my life.
My grandmother lived in that little red cottage~~(punainen pieni mökki)~~ up on the hill.

Teksti

2026-04-29T15:50:31+03:00

exercise 7

More advanced. Fill in.

You will get the correct answers from your teacher.

I’m studying at 1. one of the best universities~~(yksi parhaista yliopistoista)~~ in London. It has 2. enormous/ huge / massive~~(valtava)~~ stone buildings. It has all the facilities a good college should have, including 3. well-furnished~~(hyvin kalustettu)~~ classrooms and laboratories, and even our library is 4. better than / superior to~~(parempi kuin)~~ that of any other school. Our new librarian is also 5. much more helpful than / a lot more helpful than~~(paljon avuliaampi kuin)~~ the previous one.
Our dean is 6. by far the strictest~~(kaikista ankarin)~~ disciplinarian there is, but I don’t think he is 7. as scary as / as frightening as~~(yhtä pelottava kuin)~~ some of the students say. However, if anyone violates the rules, they get punished.
8. “The more active~~(Mitä aktiivisempi)~~ you are in your studies,
9. the more versatile~~(sitä monipuolisempi)~~ your future options will be”, he says. At our university special attention is paid to behaviour and punctuality.
10. The best-behaved~~(Parhaiten käyttäytyvä)~~ and 11. the most punctual / most punctual~~(täsmällisin)~~ student is awarded a prize every year.
My university is very 12. similar to~~(samanlainen kuin)~~ my dad’s school, except his was an all-boys school. My dad says getting a good education is becoming
13. more and more valuable / more and more worthwhile~~(yhä arvokkaampaa)~~ in the modern world. But he also says it is 14. even more vital / even more crucial~~(vielä elintärkeämpää)~~ to do what really makes me happy.

Teksti

2026-04-29T15:53:19+03:00

8

More advanced.

STEP 1 | Replace the emboldened adjectives with synonyms given in the box below. Do not use the word very.

swamped • excruciating • impeccable • gorgeous • deafening • mind-blowing •
thrilled • heartfelt • jittery • devastating • packed • frivolous

You will get the correct answers from your teacher.

This document is very perfect and carefully written. impeccable
Were you very nervous before your speech at the assembly? jittery
It’s always nice to receive thanks that seem very sincere. heartfelt
The pain in my knee was very painful. excruciating
Our school halls are very crowded just before the lunch break. packed
The news about the outbreak of war was very upsetting. devastating
Sorry, we can’t lend you a hand. All of our staff is very busy at the moment. swamped
Were you very happy to learn about your new scholarship? thrilled
The sound of the rain at the concert was very noisy. deafening
My problems seem very silly compared to yours. frivolous
Look at the view! The scenery around here is very pretty. gorgeous
Winning the lottery was very amazing! I never usually win anything. mind-blowing

exercises 9 & 10 p. 170

2026-04-29T15:56:26+03:00

exercise 9

Work with a partner and change the adjectives into adverbs.


1. careful	carefully
2. gentle	gently
3. happy	happily
4. dramatic	dramatically
5. friendly	in a friendly way/manner
6. hard	hard
7. possible	possibly
8. good	well
9. whole	wholly
10. funny	funnily
11. early	early
12. automatic	automatically
13. public	publicly / in public
14. beautiful	beautifully
15. bad	badly
16. short	briefly
17. shy	shyly
18. straight	straight
19. due	duly
20. late	late

Teksti

2026-04-29T16:00:37+03:00

exercise 10


1. He elivät onnellisina elämänsä loppuun asti.	They lived happily ever after.
2. Peter työskentelee todella kovasti ja hymyilee silti aina ystävällisesti.	Peter works very hard and still always smiles kindly / in a friendly way / manner.
3. Tulen kotiin piakkoin.	I’ll be / come home shortly / soon.
4. Selitä minulle lyhyesti, mitä tapahtui.	Briefly explain to me what happened. / Explain to me briefly what happened.
5. Nukutko aina näin myöhään?	Do you always sleep this late?
6. Olen herännyt joka aamu ennen seitsemää viime aikoina.	I’ve woken up before seven every morning lately / recently.
7. Inhoan laulaa julkisesti.	I hate to sing in public / publicly.
8. Auto meni (slip) tiellä sivuttain.	The car was slipping / slipped sideways on the road.
9. Onko sinusta tärkeää olla korkeasti koulutettu?	Do you think it is important to be highly educated?
10. Eilinen elokuva oli todella mahtava.	The movie/film last night was totally / really amazing.
11. Olen hieman myöhässä kuten tavallista.	I’m a bit late as usual.
12. Tämä koe oli yllättävän helppo!	This test/exam was surprisingly easy!

April 29th, 2026

2026-05-03T12:36:56+03:00

HW: ex. 18

moral (adj.) = moraalinen
morale = moraali; yhteishenki; taistelutahto
morals = moraali; moraaliset periaatteet tai siveellisyys

ethic; e.g Marc has a great work ethic.
ethics = etiikka; elämänkatsomustieto

well-known, better-known, the best-known

apology (n.) = apologia
apologize (v.)
I would like to apologize to you for my bad behaviour.
apologetic (adj.) = anteeksipyytäväinen
apologetically (adv.) = anteeksipyytävästi

Teksti

2026-05-04T13:41:18+03:00

"What do we eat?"
We are what we eat.

2. INDIRECT QUESTIONS:
A) kysymyssanojen kanssa
WH-WORDS (who; which; where; why; when) (how)
"Where do you live?"
a) I want to know where you live.
b) I wanted to know where you lived.
"Why did you say so?"
a) I wonder why you said so.
b) I wondered why you (had) said so.

Teksti

2026-04-29T20:20:26+03:00

exercise 12 p. 172

Fill in according to the Finnish clues. Check your answers by listening to the stories.

Have you ever wondered what 1. the worst job interview~~(huonoin työhaastattelu)~~ would be like? How would you react if you experienced something
2. as strange as / as weird as / as bizarre as / as odd as~~(yhtä outoa kuin)~~ the following examples?
“I was interviewing for a job that sounded 3. more suitable than~~(sopivampi kuin)~~ any job I had ever applied for. During the 4. two-hour interview~~(kaksituntinen haastattelu)~~, I realised that couldn’t have been 5. further~~(kauempana)~~ from the truth. Towards the end, the questions were getting
6. more and more confusing~~(yhä hämmentävämmiksi)~~. At the end of the
7. awkwardly long~~(kiusallisen pitkä)~~ interview, the interviewer
8. apologetically~~(anteeksipyytävästi)~~ told me that even though I was
9. perfectly qualified~~(täydellisen pätevä)~~ for the job, they had already decided to hire somebody else. Having already scheduled the interview on her schedule, she said she didn’t want her time to go to waste. I guess my time was so much 10. less important~~(vähemmän tärkeä)~~, it didn’t matter.”
“In my early twenties I had an interview at
11. one of the best-known department stores~~(yksi parhaiten tunnettuja tavarataloja)~~. Wanting to make a long-lasting first impression, I decided to focus on every detail. So I wore my best skirt even though I had gained a few pounds since buying it. I was 12. well-prepared / well prepared~~(hyvin valmistautunut)~~ to answer every question 13. briefly but informatively enough~~(lyhyesti mutta tarpeeksi informatiivisesti)~~, and I was convinced they would hire me. The personnel manager greeted me 14. in a friendly way / in a friendly manner / in a friendly fashion~~(ystävällisesti)~~ and my confidence grew
15. greater and greater~~(yhä suuremmaksi)~~ as I walked in front of him towards his office. Once at the office he looked 16. strangely uncomfortable~~(oudon vaivaantunut)~~. Before I managed to say a word, he suggested that I would go to the ladies’ room to check on my skirt. To my horror, the mirror in the ladies’ room revealed a huge tear in my skirt. My face turned 17. as red as~~(yhtä punainen kuin)~~ the underwear that was showing. I was 18. way too embarrassed / much too embarrassed / far too embarrassed~~(aivan liian nolostunut)~~ to return to the office having been showing off my underwear
19. in public / publicly~~(julkisesti)~~. In addition to not getting the job, I decided it was
20. best~~(parasta)~~ to do my shopping in another store in the future as well.”

Teksti

2026-04-29T20:25:08+03:00

exercise 13 p. 173

More advanced. Translate the questions. After checking them, take turns asking and answering them in pairs or small groups.


1. Mitkä ovat nopeimmin kasvavat opiskelualat tulevaisuudessa?	What will be the fastest-growing fields of study in the future?
2. Onko yhä tärkeämpää olla korkeasti koulutettu saadakseen hyvin palkatun työn?	Is it more and more important to be highly educated (in order) to get a well-paid job?
3. Mitkä työpaikat ovat kaikkein vaarallisimpia ja miksi?	What are the most dangerous jobs of all / by far the most dangerous jobs and why? / What jobs are the most dangerous of all and why?
4. Tekisitkö mieluummin fyysisesti vaativaa työtä vai opiskelisitko ahkerasti tullaksesi esimerkiksi asianajajaksi?	Would you rather do a physically demanding job or study hard / diligently to become a lawyer, for example?
5. Mitä parempi palkka, sitä suurempi vastuu. Oletko samaa mieltä?	The better the salary, the bigger / greater the responsibility. Do you agree (with this)?
6. Onko nuorilla yhtä vahva työmoraali kuin vanhemmilla sukupolvilla?	Do young people / the young have as strong a work ethic as older generations?

Teksti

2026-04-29T20:31:33+03:00

exercise 16 p. 179

Turn the direct quotes into reported speech. Remember to change tenses. You are the new star of a cookery show. Your partner checks.


1. “I’m hungry.”	The director complained (that)…	he/she was hungry.
2. “We are all starving.”	The director added (that)…	they were all starving.
3. “I don’t like this cookery show.”	The producer admitted (that)…	he/she didn't like that / the cookery show.
4. “You can’t expect good food here.”	The prop stylist stated (that)…	they / you couldn't expect good food there.
5. “We’ll ask catering to take care of us.”	The photographer said (that)…	they would ask catering to take care of them.
6. “You are not a great cook.”	The prop stylist told me (that)…	I wasn't a great cook.
7. “I’ve never seen such a helpless case.”	The location scout added (that)…	he/she had never seen such a helpless case.
8. “He can’t even boil water.”	The wardrobe stylist commented (that)…	I couldn't even boil water.
9. “I’m going to suggest that we change chefs tomorrow.”	The producer shouted (that)…	he/she was going to suggest that they change chefs the next / following day.
10. “You may not be too pleased with this scenario.”	The photographer said (that)…	I might not be too pleased with that scenario.
11. “You don’t have to feel awful.”	The makeup artist told me (that)…	I didn't have to feel awful.
12. “I only started on this show yesterday.”	I reminded the crew (that)…	I (had) only started on that show the day before / the previous day.
13. “You will all get better free food tomorrow.”	I promised the crew (that)…	they would all get better free food the next / following day.
14. “Your expectations are too high and your stomachs too big.”	I pointed out (that)…	their expectations were too high and their stomachs too big.
15. “You are all going to have a slap-up meal with your new star chef here on set.”	I promised the crew (that)…	they were all going to have a slap-up meal with their new star chef there on set.
16. “You may not be as unhappy with my cooking tomorrow.”	I claimed (that)…	they might not be as unhappy with my cooking the next / following day.

May 4th, 2026

2026-05-04T20:28:45+03:00

HW: ex. 19, 20, 21 & 24 p. 182 - 183, ex. A, B & C p. 61

curriculum vitae = CV
résumé

It is personal.
personnel = staff = henkilökunta

EPÄSUORAA ESITYSTÄ:
"I am going to travel to New Zealand next year."
a) Erja says (that) she is going to travel to New Zealand next year.
b) Erja said (that) she was going to travel to NZ the next year / the following year.

"I will study Medicine abroad."
a) Matti claims that he will study Medicine abroad.
b) Matti claimed that he would study Medicine abroad.

"I have never been to New York City."
a) Mary tells us (that) she has never been to NYC.
b) Mary told us (that) she had never been to NYC.

Teksti

2026-05-04T20:35:27+03:00

2. INDIRECT QUESTIONS:
A) kysymyssanojen kanssa
WH-WORDS (who / when / where / why / which / what...) (how)

"Who are you?"
a) I want to know who you are.
b) I wanted to know who you were.

"What is your plan for the future?"
a) I wonder what your plan for the future is.
b) I wondered what your plan for the future was.
epäsuorassa kysymyksessä on SUORA SANAJÄRJESTYS: subjekti ensin, sitten vasta predikaatti

"Why did you leave me?"
a) I really honestly ask you why you left me.
b) I really honestly asked you why you (had) left me.

"Where have you been?"
a) Mom asks Marc where he has been.
b) Mom asked Marc where he had been.

"What have you done this week?"
a) Mary asks Marc what he has done this week.
b) Mary asked Marc what he had done that week.

B) ilman kysymyssanaa olevat epäsuorat kysymykset:

"Are you happy?"
a) The journalist wonders if you are happy.
b) The journalist wondered if you were happy.

"Were you at school yesterday?"
a) I want to know if you were at school yesterday.
b) I wanted to know if you had been at school the day before / the previous day.

"Will you come to school tomorrow?"
a) I wonder if you will come to school tomorrow.
b) I wondered if you would come to school the next / following day.

WHETHER (cf. the weather) silloin, kun on selvä vaihtoehto:
"Will you go to school on Monday or on Tuesday?"
a) I wonder whether you will go to school on Monday or on Tuesday.
b) I wondered whether you would go to school on Monday or on Tuesday.

"Where do you live?"
a) I want to know where you live.
b) I wanted to know where you lived.
"Why did you say so?"
a) I wonder why you said so.
b) I wondered why you (had) said so.

Teksti

2026-05-04T20:39:57+03:00

exercise 18 p. 180

Turn the direct quotes into reported speech.


1. “The new Prime Minister is proud of his government.” Grandma, it says here in the paper (that)…	the new Prime Minister is proud of his government.
2. “The unemployment rate has gone down.” Your grandson said (that)…	the unemployment rate had gone down / 'd gone down.
3. “Shark Tank won’t be on tomorrow.” Your grandson told you (that)…	Shark Tank wouldn't be / would not be on the next / following day.
4. “The new Miss Finland doesn’t like ice-hockey players.” It says here in the paper (that)…	the new Miss Finland doesn't like / does not like ice-hockey players.
5. “The local fire brigade rescued a cat from a tree yesterday.” Your grandson said (that)…	the local fire brigade rescued / had rescued a cat from a tree the previous day / the day before.
6. “There is a huge sandstorm on Boa Vista and the tourists are trapped.” Your grandson said (that)…	there was a huge sand storm on Boa Vista and the tourists were trapped.
7. “The price of ice-cream has fallen this week.” Your grandson told you (that)…	the price of ice-cream had fallen that week.
8. “Spring fashion isn’t going to be all about pastels and floral prints.” Your grandson said (that)…	spring fashion wasn't going to be / isn't going to be / was not going to be / is not going to be all about pastels and floral prints.

May 5th, 2026

2026-05-06T20:40:55+03:00

occupational health care = työterveys

suora kysymys: "Where were you born?" PS = predikaatti ensin, sitten subjekti
epäsuora kysymys: Tell me where you were born. SP = subjekti ensin, sitten predikaatti

"Where do you live now?"
Tell me where you live now.
"How many siblings do you have?"
Tell me how many siblings you have.
"What is your favourite food?"
"Do you have a cat or a dog?"
"Do you miss your former colleagues?"
"What is the best thing in your life?"
"Did you know anyone at the firm?

Teksti

2026-05-06T20:36:47+03:00

exercise 19 p. 182

Work with a partner. Your new coworker wants to get to know you better. Translate the indirect questions into English.

Kerro minulle


1. …missä sinä olet syntynyt.	Tell me where you were born.
2. …missä asut nyt.	Tell me where you live / are living now / at the moment.
3. …kuinka monta sisarusta sinulla on.	Tell me how many siblings you have.
4. …mikä on lempiruokasi.	Tell me what your favourite food is.
5. …onko sinulla kissa tai koira.	Tell me if/whether you have a cat or a dog.
6. …oletko tyytyväinen uuteen työpaikkaasi.	Tell me if/whether you are pleased with your new job.
7. …kaipaatko entisiä työkavereita.	Tell me if/whether you miss your former coworkers.
8. …mikä on parasta elämässäsi.	Tell me what the best thing in your life is.
9. …miten matkustat työmatkat.	Tell me how you commute / travel to work.
10. …aiotko matkustaa ulkomaille ensi kesänä.	Tell me if/whether you are going to travel abroad next summer / the following summer.
11. …tunsitko ketään tästä firmasta.	Tell me if/whether you knew anybody from / at this/the firm.
12. …kysynkö liikaa kysymyksiä.	Tell me if/whether I'm asking too many questions.

Teksti

2026-05-06T20:43:26+03:00

exercise 20 p. 182

Work with a partner. You want to take out a loan at the local bank. Go and ask the following questions. You don’t have to change the tenses in this exercise.


1. “What is the term of this loan?”	I’d like to know…	what the term of this loan is.
2. “What is the interest rate?”	Can you tell me…	what the interest rate is?
3. “Is the rate fixed or adjustable?”	I’m wondering…	if/whether the rate is fixed or adjustable.
4. “When can the interest rate be adjusted?”	Do you happen to know…	when the interest rate can be adjusted?
5. “How much will my monthly payment be?”	I’d like to know…	how much my monthly payment will be.
6. “How will the interest rate be calculated?”	Have you got any idea…	how the interest rate will be calculated?
7. “Is the amount I owe going to increase over time?”	I’m not sure…	if/whether the amount I owe is going to increase over time.
8. “What are the qualifications for the loan?”	Tell me…	what the qualifications for the loan are.
9. “Why do you recommend this loan to me?”	I’d like to know…	why you recommend this loan to me.
10. “Are there other loans that also meet my needs?”	I’m wondering…	if/whether there are other loans that also meet my needs.
11. “Did you say that I would have to make a decision soon?”	I can’t remember…	if/whether you said that I would have to make a decision soon.
12. “Does the loan have to be paid back?”	I’m not sure…	if/whether the loan has to be paid back.

Teksti

2026-05-06T20:45:54+03:00

exercise 21 p. 182

Work with a partner. You go for a job interview and report to your friend what you were asked. Remember to change the tenses as well.


1. “Can you tell us a little about yourself?”	First the interviewers asked me…	if / whether I could tell them a little about myself.
2. “How did you hear about the vacancy?”	Then they wanted to know…	how I had heard about the vacancy.
3. “Why do you want this job?”	They also asked me…	why I wanted that job.
4. “Why should we hire you?”	They were wondering…	why they should hire me.
5. “What are your greatest strengths?”	I had to tell them…	what my greatest strengths are/were.
6. “What do you consider your weaknesses?”	Then they needed to know…	what I consider / considered my weaknesses.
7. “Where do you see yourself in five years?”	They inquired…	where I saw myself in five years.
8. “What’s your dream job?”	They wondered…	what my dream job is/was.
9. “Why are you leaving your current job?”	They asked me…	why I was leaving my current job.
10. “How have you dealt with stressful situations in the past?”	They wondered…	how I had dealt with stressful situations in the past.
11. “What do you like to do in your free time?”	They wanted to know…	what I like /l iked to do in my free time.
12. “Do you have any questions for us?”	They asked me…	if / whether I had any questions for them.

Teksti

2026-05-06T20:48:20+03:00

exercise 24 p. 183

More advanced. Translate into English.

🔒 You will get the correct answers from your teacher.


1. En muista, mitä tapahtui juhlien lopuksi.	I don't / do not remember/recall what happened at the end of the party.
2. Kaikki kysyivät minulta, miksi olin tanssinut pöydällä.	Everybody / Everyone asked me why I had been dancing / 'd been dancing / was dancing on the table.
3. Naapurimme haluavat tietää, koska palautat heidän kissansa ja koiransa.	Our neighbours want to know when you're going to return / you are going to return their cat and dog.
4. Miksi et ole kertonut minulle, mitä tein?	Why haven't you told me what I did?
5. Haluaisin tietää, täytyykö minun pyytää kaikilta anteeksi.	I'd like to know / I would like to know if / whether I have to apologize to everybody / everyone.
6. En ole varma, puhuvatko ystäväni vielä minulle.	I'm not sure / I am not sure if / whether my friends are still talking / 're still talking to me.
7. Kysyitkö Jamesilta, muistaako hän, mitä tapahtui?	Did you ask James if / whether he remembers/recalls what happened?
8. Ihmettelen, miksi kaikki on niin suurta arvoitusta.	I'm wondering / I am wondering / I wonder why everything is such a big mystery/enigma.

exercise A p. 61

2026-05-06T20:51:34+03:00

Example answer:

1. My aunt resigned in January and has been applying for a job / has been looking for work ever since.

2. Many restaurants and hotels seem to be interested in finding more personnel these days.

3. Is it a good fringe benefit to get free lunches at the restaurant where you work?

4. Is the nearby cafe hiring/employing new employees/workers at the moment?

5. It's owned by an entrepreneur who works all hours.

6. Will you never rest if you run a business / an enterprise?

Teksti

2026-05-06T20:53:11+03:00

exercise B p. 61

Fill in the blanks. The ends of the words have been given.

When choosing an 1. occupation, the first thing to come to mind probably isn’t the 2. retirement age. Regardless of your career 3. prospects and even chances of getting a 4. promotion, the fact is that you need money to hang your hat early and become an old age 5. pensioner. The higher your
6. salary, the easier it should be to save some money while still in
7. working life. 8. QualifiSkilled physicians, surgeons and orthodontists tend to earn nicely. As far as people outside the medical 9. professoccupations are concerned, there are also 10. entrepreneurs who manage to retire early. This is worth considering if you are looking for an 11. apprenticeship and choosing firms to gain experience. Who knows, you might set up your own successful
12. company one of these days.

Teksti

2026-05-06T20:55:09+03:00

exercise C p. 61


1. Kuinka tuttu tämä ala on sinulle?	How familiar are you with this (line of) business? / How familiar is this (line of) business / work to you?
2. Kuinka usein päivität ansioluettelosi?	How often do you update your CV/resume?
3. Kuinka kauan olet hakenut työpaikkaa?	How long have you been applying for a job?
4. Millaisia luontaisetuja odotat?	What kind of perks/fringe benefits do you expect?
5. Oletko koskaan ollut lakossa tai pakkolomalla?	Have you ever been on strike or furloughed / on unpaid holiday?
6. Olisitko halukas työskentelemään provisiolla?	Would you be willing to work on commission?
7. Oletko koskaan harkinnut yksityisyrittäjäksi ryhtymistä?	Have you ever considered becoming an entrepreneur / a self-employed person?
8. Millaiset suositukset edellinen työnantajasi antoi sinulle?	What kind of references did your previous employer give you?
9. Mikä on kohtuullinen irtisanomiskorvaus sinun mielestäsi?	What is a reasonable severance payment in your opinion?
10. Mikä saisi sinut eroamaan työpaikastasi?	What would make you quit your job / resign?

Teksti

2026-05-11T20:38:48+03:00

HW: ex. 27 p. 185

3. Commands, requests, prohibitions
"Fasten your seatbelts!"
The stewardess asked us to fasten our seatbelts.
"Don't go there!"
The major asked us NOT to go there.
"Don't swim far!"
Mother warned us not to swim.

forbid, forbade, forbidden = kieltää

résumé (AmE) = CV = curruiculum vitae
apologize to s-b for s-g
I would like to apologize to you for my rude behaviour.

inquire (v.) = kysyä
Inquisition (n.) = inkivisitio (jossa kyseltiin rajulla tavalla eikä ihmisellä ollut mahdollisuutta selviytyä)
inquisitive (adj.) = kyseleväinen
inquisitively (adv.)

May 13th, 2026

2026-05-19T13:21:30+03:00

HW: ex. 31, 32, 33 & 34 p. 193 - 196

lend, lent, lent = lainata; antaa lainaksi

He was lucky to have an economical wife.
We have an economic crisis in Finland.

perhaps = ehkä = maybe
Once upon a time there was a little girl...

translate from s-g into s-g
Ketti Juva has translated many novels from English into Finnish.

look at s-b / stare at s-b / glance at s-b / gaze at s-b

participate in s-g / take part in s-g / partake in sg

I took part in a seminar / I participated in a seminar / I partook in a seminar.

look down on s-g = dislike intensely and view as beneath you / consider someone unworthy oy your respect
He looked down on other people. = He despised other people.

concentrate on s-g = focus on s-g

It was hard to concentrate / focus on the lesson.

1. It depends on you.
2. dependent on s-b
Children are usually dependent on their parents.
3. dependence on s-g
He suffered from his dependence on other people.

SYYTTÄÄ:
1) accuse s-b of s-g
Milosevic Slobodan was accused of genocide.
2) blame s-b for s-g
He blamed me for being late.
3) charge s-b with s-g
He was charged with homicide / manslaughter.
4) prosecute s-b for s-g
He was prosecuted for insurance fraud. (= Häntä syytettiin vakuutuspetoksesta.)

EI PREPOSITIOTA: Marc left Paris for London. (= Marc lähti Pariisista Lontooseen.)
They discussed foreign policy. (= He keskustelivat ulkopolitiikasta.)
Have you ever visited New York City?
affect s-g / influence s-g / impact s-g / impress s-b:
Inflation affects sales.
He influenced us.
It impacts everything.
He impressed us.

PREPOSITIONS:
a) verbs + preposition
rely on s-b
I rely on you.
apologize to s-b for s-g
I apologized to them for my bad behaviour.
b) adjectives + preposition
interested in s-g
Nikolai is interested in swimming.
c) nouns + preposition
responsibility for s-g
He took the responsibility for everything.

Teksti

2026-05-13T20:24:41+03:00

exercise 27 A mother gave the following advice to a babysitter. Turn the advice into reported speech. Start each sentence with “She told me...”
1. She told me not to let the kids stay up late.
2. She told me to give them milk and cookies.
3. She told me never to turn the computer on for them.
4. She told me to play board games instead.
5. She told me not to leave them alone with the cat.
6. She told me not to leave the door unlocked.

exercise 29 p. 192

2026-05-13T20:30:38+03:00

exercise 29

Fill in the missing prepositions.

🔒 You will get the correct answers from your teacher.

Three men had been charged 1. with serious crimes. They didn’t look forward 2. to time in prison, but it had at least occurred 3. to them to take items with them 4. to which they might devote their time and energy while incarcerated. They compared their items 5. to / with the ones the other convicts had brought.

The first convict tried to convince all the others 6.of his artistic skills. He wanted to develop 7. into a great painter. He pulled out a box of paints and the others complimented him 8. on his choice.

The second convict said that he didn’t care 9. for / about arts. He pulled out a deck of cards and said he would benefit 10. from them more. He wouldn’t waste time 11. on paints but instead play poker, solitaire or gin rummy.

The third convict was smug. He couldn’t wait 12. for his chance to show off. The guy pulled out a box of tampons and said they belonged 13. to him. The others couldn’t understand why he had opted 14. for something like that. He replied that he had only relied 15. on the promise on the box. According to the box, he’d be able to go horseback riding, swimming, roller-skating… you name it!

Teksti

2026-05-20T13:09:23+03:00

HW: ex. 35, 36, 37 & 38 p. 200 - 202

a lack of s-g = a shortage of s-g = jonkun puute
He is short of time. = Häneltä puuttuu aikaa.

believe s-g = uskoa jtkn
believe in s-g
He believes in God. = Hän uskoo Jumalaan.
I believe in you. = Uskon Sinuun (Sinun mahdollisuuksiisi; Sinun pärjäämiseesi).

USKON PREPOSITIO on IN:
a belief in s-g: He has a strong belief in Providence.
a faith in s-g: His faith in God is very strong.
a confidence in s-g: Her confidence in herself is something else. (Hänen luottamuksensa itseensä...)

Answer me! (verbissä ei prepositiota)
He gave a direct answer to my question. (substantiivissa on to-prepositio)

addicted to s-g = hooked on s-g = olla riippuvainen jstkn; olla koukussa jhkn

consider s-g s-g = regard s-g as s-g
I consider you a good friend. = Pidän Sinua hyvänä ystävänäni.
= I regard you as a good friend.

I attend an evening school. = I attend a night school. = I go to an evening / a night school.

Teksti

2026-05-18T20:38:33+03:00

exercise 31 p. 193

Write the missing verbs and prepositions in the correct form.

When Minnie applied for a job in Florida, she didn’t know anybody there but was looking for a change of scene. ~~(haki)~~
As soon as she arrived at the amusement park she would be working in, she felt right at home. ~~(saapui)~~
Unlike in her previous jobs, she didn't complain about / didn’t complain about / did not complain about anything. ~~(ei valittanut)~~
She even agreed to do double shifts and felt that it didn't rob her of / didn’t rob her of / did not rob her of / didn't deprive her of / didn't deprive her of / did not deprive her of her valuable time in the sun. ~~(ei riistänyt häneltä)~~
Her newly found job satisfaction convinced her of the fact that she had found her true calling in life. ~~(vakuutti hänet)~~
There was only one thing that prevented her from being blissfully happy. ~~(esti häntä olemasta)~~
She still hadn’t found that special somebody who she had been waiting for / 'd been waiting for / ’d been waiting for / had waited for / 'd waited for / ’d waited for. ~~(oli odottanut)~~
She had met many eager men in the past who had insisted on taking / 'd insisted on taking / ’d insisted on taking her out on a date. ~~(olivat halunneet ehdottomasti viedä)~~
Most of her dates had proved to be utter bores who just loved listening to / to listen to the sound of their own voice. ~~(kuunnella)~~
After her divorce from her ex-husband, Minnie had resorted to / 'd resorted to / ’d resorted to the services of a dating agency. ~~(oli turvautunut)~~
She had found it hard to trust anybody new, because her ex had blamed / 'd blamed / ’d blamed Minnie for the divorce. ~~(oli laittanut syyksi)~~
His filing for divorce from her had been based on / 'd been based on / ’d been based on him catching her goofing around too much. ~~(oli perustunut)~~

exercise 32 p. 194 - 195

2026-05-19T10:17:28+03:00


1. Nautitko tilastojen tutkimisesta?	Do you enjoy studying / examining statistics?
2. Etkö olekin aina pitänyt minusta?	Haven't you always liked me?
3. Ehkä minun pitäisi mennä naimisiin itseni kanssa?	Maybe I should marry myself?
4. Sinulta ei ole helppoa pyytää neuvoa.	You are not an easy person to consult. / It's not easy to ask you for advice.
5. Miksi et ole vastannut yhteenkään kysymyksistäni?	Why haven't you answered any of my questions?
6. Hiljaisuutesi alkaa vaikuttaa minuun.	Your silence is starting to affect / influence me.
7. Se ei ole oikeastaan tehnyt vaikutusta ystäviinikään.	It hasn't really impressed my friends either.
8. Eikö ole mitään keinoa keskustella tilanteesta?	Isn't there any way to discuss the situation? / Isn't there any way one could discuss the situation?
9. Nautitko mykkäkoulun pitämisestä?	Do you enjoy giving me/people the silent treatment?
10. Pidin sinua todellakin parempana ystävänä.	I really considered you a better friend.
11. Eikö ole mitään keinoa saavuttaa yhteisymmärrystä (consensus)?	Isn't there any way to reach a consensus?
12. Miksi vaadit aina ehdottomasti liittyä seuraani, minne tahansa menen?	Why do you always insist on joining me wherever / anywhere / everywhere I go?
13. Haluaisin lähteä talosta edes kerran ilman sinua.	I'd like to leave the house just once without you.
14. En voi edes vierailla ystävieni luona yksin.	I can't even visit my friends alone.
15. Joskus minun tekee mieli käydä kimppuusi.	Sometimes I feel like attacking you.
16. Mutta jos et voi luottaa omaan varjoosi, kehen voit luottaa?	But if you can't trust your own shadow, who can you trust?

exercise 33 p. 195

2026-05-19T10:23:23+03:00

Yesterday afternoon I had managed to 1. leave ~~(lähteä)~~ work early when something horrible happened. When I 2. reached ~~(saavutin)~~ the first traffic lights, a bird slammed into my windshield. The bird 3. didn't die from / didn’t die from / did not die from / didn't die of / didn’t die of / did not die of ~~(ei kuollut)~~ the impact, but it got its wing stuck under the windshield wiper. I think the whole thing 4. affected / influenced / impacted ~~(vaikutti)~~ me in such a way that I now

5. suffer from ~~(kärsin)~~ ornithophobia, an irrational fear of birds.

Not really knowing how 6. to deal with / to handle ~~(käsitellä)~~ the situation, turning on the windshield wipers seemed like the only way to solve the problem.

I 7. arrived at ~~(saavuin)~~ the next set of traffic lights and the bird ended up in the wrong place again: on the windshield of the police car behind me.
8. Discussing / Talking about ~~(Keskusteleminen)~~ the situation with the police didn’t help. The police officer simply 9. replied to / answered ~~(vastasi)~~ me: “Sir, I am going to have to 10. charge you with ~~(syyttää)~~ a crime: cruelty to animals.”

Teksti

2026-05-19T13:15:02+03:00

exercise 34 p. 196

More advanced. Fill in the missing verbs and prepositions in the right form. A preposition is not needed in every case.

I’d like to apologize to all of you for / to apologise to all of you for ~~(pyytää anteeksi teiltä kaikilta)~~ taking up your time, but this might end up being a rather long speech.
Most people disapprove of ~~(paheksuvat)~~ long speeches, but I hope my audience will approve of / will accept / 'll approve of / ’ll approve of / 'll accept / ’ll accept ~~(hyväksyy)~~ this one.
As we have reached / 've reached / ’ve reached ~~(olemme saavuttaneet)~~ the end of our studies at this school, we are looking forward to celebrating / 're looking forward to celebrating / ’re looking forward to celebrating ~~(odotamme innokkaasti juhlimista)~~ our achievements together.
We have spent a lot of time on / 've spent a lot of time on / ’ve spent a lot of time on ~~(olemme käyttäneet paljon aikaa)~~ homework and have devoted ourselves to / devoted ourselves to / 've devoted ourselves to / ’ve devoted ourselves to ~~(olemme omistautuneet)~~ our studies.
Perhaps all of us haven't considered studying / haven’t considered studying / have not considered studying / haven't regarded studying as / haven’t regarded studying as / have not regarded studying as ~~(eivät ole pitäneet opiskelemista)~~ important but at least our friends have always been ready to talk about / to discuss~~(keskustelemaan)~~ anything with us to kill time.
Together with online computer games and social media, this has made participating in / attending ~~(osallistuminen)~~ lessons more tolerable.
I’m also convinced that we have benefitted from / 've benefitted from / ’ve benefitted from / have benefited from / 've benefited from / ’ve benefited from ~~(olemme hyötyneet)~~ all the lessons, especially the ones where the students have commented on / 've commented on / ’ve commented on ~~(ovat kommentoineet)~~ current affairs.
I’d like to thank our teachers for looking after / taking care of ~~(huolehtiminen)~~ us so well.
I’m convinced that their constructive criticism has affected / has influenced / 's affected / ’s affected / 's influenced / ’s influenced ~~(on vaikuttanut)~~ me positively.
We’re sure to come back and visit ~~(vierailla)~~ the school in the future.
I’d like to congratulate everybody on / to congratulate everyone on ~~(onnitella kaikkia)~~ their success and wish all of us a very bright future.
Next, I’d like all of you to listen to ~~(kuunnella)~~ me read aloud the epic I’ve been writing during the past three years…

May 20th, 2026

2026-05-21T14:32:31+03:00

recover from s-g
suffer from s-g

inferior to s-g: Marc used to feel inferior to everybody else.
superior to s-g: She had a chip on her shoulder and felt superior to all the rest of us.
similar to s-g: The twins are similar to each other.
different to s-g: Marc and Henry are different to each other.

Many women are exposed to domestic violence. = Monet naiset altistuvat lähisuhdeväkivallalle.

He is used / accustomed to getting up at 5 am.

1. addicted / allergic / exposed / immune / prone / sensitive TO s-g
Are all Finnish people prone to gloominess in winter?
He is sensitive to many detergents.
Marja is allergic to shrimp. = Marja on allerginen katkaravuille.

2. content / satisfied / pleased / happy // unhappy / dissatisfied / unsatisfied / disappointed WITH s-g
Are you happy with your life?

3. good / gifted / talented / excellent / skilful / skilled / lucky / bad / hopeless AT s-g
I used to be hopeless at computers.
Everybody is excellent at something.
Matti got lucky at cards.

4. famous / well-known / renowned / notorious = infamous FOR s-g
Hermann Göring was notorious for stealing art.

5. bored / fed up WITH s-g
Marc was bored with his life.

6. tired / sick OF s-g
He got tired of us.

7. full of s-g
He is full of enthusiasm.

8. crowded / filled / packed WITH s-g
The arena was crowded with people.

9. worried / concerned / anxious / confused ABOUT s-g
Marc was worried about his studies.

10. typical / characteristic OF s-g
Lakes are typical of Finnish landscape.

11. afraid / frightened / scared OF s-g
Are you afraid of death?

12. aware / unaware / conscious / ignorant OF s-g
He was unaware of what had happened.

Marc used to lack self confidence.

an insight into s-g = näkemys, oivallus jhkn
He has a deep insight into Canadian literature.

take an interest in s-g: Matti took an interest in playing American football.
be interested in s-g: Matti was interested in swimming.

He impacts / impresses me positively.

Lena is engaged to Paul.
Lena is married to Paul.
Meryl Streep is married with four children.

"Once upon a time..." = "Olipa kerran..." on-prepositio on lyhennys upon-prepositiosta

an increase in s-g: There has been an enormous increase in unemployment rates in recent years.
a decrease in s-g: There has been an alarming decrease in the vacancies in recent years.

Teksti

2026-05-21T14:08:04+03:00

exercise 35 p. 201

Match the nouns with the correct prepositions and near synonyms. You might have to use the same preposition more than once. Some words have multiple near synonyms.

for • to • in • on • of

confidence • attachment • respect • impact • effect • shortage • trust

	PREPOSITION	SYNONYM
1. affection	for	attachment to
2. faith	in	confidence in / trust in
3. influence	on	impact on / effect on
4. admiration	for	respect for
5. lack	of	shortage of

Teksti

2026-05-21T14:42:23+03:00

exercise 36 p. 201

Fill in the missing nouns and prepositions.

Being an effective emergency medical technician (an EMT) means making a
1. contribution to ~~(panos)~~ the team, staying calm and showing
2. respect for ~~(kunnioitus)~~ your co-workers. You may not personally like everyone and may even feel a strong 3. dislike of ~~(vastenmielisyys)~~ some people, but you can always be polite and respectful and not let your real
4. attitude towards / attitude to ~~(asenne)~~ them shine through. During times when you don’t have patients, try to connect with co-workers and make 5. comments on ~~(kommentteja)~~ topics that aren’t always related to EMS. This may help you to notice 6. a change in ~~(muutos)~~ your co-workers and be 7. the solution to / a solution to ~~(ratkaisu)~~ preventing problems with your colleagues.
8. The trouble with / The difficulty in ~~(Hankaluus)~~ today’s working life is that we don’t seem to have the time to stop and listen. There has been a huge 9. decrease in / reduction in~~(vähentyminen)~~ the number of minutes we have for short breaks in order to unwind in the middle of a shift. It’s really 10. an exception to ~~(poikkeus)~~ the rule if a working day doesn’t feel hectic. However, everybody wants to be listened to and feel that there is a genuine 11. interest in ~~(mielenkiinto)~~ what they think and say. 12. Thanks to ~~(Ansiosta)~~ making some time for others, you might have a much better time at work yourself, too.

Teksti

2026-05-21T14:49:28+03:00

exercise 37 p. 202


1. Voisitko vastata kysymykseeni?	Could you answer my question?
2. Valitettavasti en tiedä vastausta kysymykseesi.	I'm afraid / Unfortunately I don't know the answer to your question.
3. Saavuimme New Delhiin myöhään illalla.	We arrived in New Delhi late in the evening.
4. Saapumisemme lentokentälle myöhästyi.	Our arrival at the airport was delayed.
5. Armeija hyökkäsi vihollisen kimppuun auringon noustessa.	The army attacked the enemy at dawn.
6. Hyökkäys vihollisen kimppuun oli epäonnistunut.	The attack on the enemy was / had been unsuccessful / had failed.
7. Veljelläni on aina ollut myönteinen vaikutus minuun.	My brother has always had a positive influence / effect on me.
8. Hän vaikuttaa minuun myönteisesti.	He affects / influences / impacts me positively.
9. Hakija teki vaikutuksen tulevaan (prospective) työnantajaan.	The applicant impressed / made an impression on the prospective employer.
10. Työnantaja ei tehnyt vaikutusta hakijaan.	The employer didn't make an impression on / didn't impress the applicant.
* * * 11. Menetkö kanssani naimisiin?	* * * Will you marry me?
12. Sorry, olen jo naimisissa elämäni rakkauden kanssa.	Sorry, I'm already married to the love of my life.
13. Luota minuun, tiedän mitä tehdä.	Trust me, I know what to do.
14. Minulla ei ole yhtään luottamusta taitoihisi.	I have no trust in your skills.
15. Voitko tulla vierailemaan mökillämme ensi kesänä?	Can you (come and) stay at / visit our summer cottage next summer?
16. Vierailumme naapureiden mökille oli aivan tarpeeksi.	Our stay at / visit to the neighbours' cottage was quite enough.
17. Mikset kunnioita mielipidettäni?	Why don't you respect / honour my point of view / opinion?
18. Osoita kunnioitusta oivalluksilleni.	Show respect for my insights.
19. Tästä keitosta puuttuu suolaa ja timjamia.	This soup lacks salt and thyme.
20. Mausteiden puute jättää ruoan mauttomaksi.	A / The lack of seasoning / spices leaves food bland / tasteless.