ENA4 / Haaksluoto / 2025 - 2026 / 4. periodi

KOEALUE & KURSSIOHJELMA

2026-02-03T11:21:45+02:00

ENA4 EXAM on Monday, February 23rd, 2026, at 17.00 – 21.00 hours
Koe on sähköinen koe, joten tuo oma kannettavasi täyteenladattuna, tarvittavat virtajohdot ja LANGALLISET KUULOKKEET.

KOEALUE: SANASTO

2 Where do I fit in? p. 10 -17
4 Young activists changing the world p. 32 – 43
6 Nothing comes for free p. 50 – 61
7 Surviving a night in A & E p. 62 – 71
Glossary: Politics p. 48 – 49
Glossary: Society and health care p. 72 – 73
Glossary: Crime p. 84 – 91

GRAMMAR:

Vaillinaiset apuverbit p. 142 – 159
Indefiniittipronominit p. 160 – 179
Relatiivipronominit ja -lauseet p. 180 – 193

LUETUNYMMÄRTÄMINEN
KUULLUNYMMÄRRTÄMINEN
KIRJOITELMA (700 – 1,300 merkkiä)

course outline / kurssiohjelma

Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukio 2025 – 2026 / Period IV

ENA4 / ENGLISH / ADVANCED / NEW INSIGHTS / MODULE 4

Book: Elina Karapalo – Paula Keltto – Mark Kilmer – Päivi Kuusivaara – Teijo Päkkilä – Annukka Suonio: New Insights Module 4 (Otava)

Room and Time: on Mondays and Wednesdays at 18.40 - 20.00 hours in class room 31 (and simultaneously online on GoogleMeet at the address: meet.google.com/her-rxva-umj)

Teacher: Erja H. Haaksluoto, erja.haaksluoto@tyk.fi

Available for consultation: on Mondays at 20.05 – 20.45 hours = so-called KIELIKLINIKKA (except NOT during the exam weeks)

The grade on module 4 consists of the following parts:

1) written digital test, which includes the listening test, on Monday, February 23rd, 2026, at 17.00 - 21.00 hours in Class Room 31

2) home assignment (+)

3) activity during the lessons (+)

The digital test on Monday, February 23rd, 2026, in Room 31, consists of the following parts: 1) GRAMMAR: 1) Modal Auxiliaries, 2) Indefinite Pronouns, 3) Relative Pronouns and Clauses 2) WORDS & VOCABULARY (sanastoa tunneilla käsitellyistä kappaleista) 3) RC (= Reading Comprehension Test = luetun ymmärtäminen) 4) YOUR OWN WRITING (= oma tuotos) of about 700 – 1,300 characters 5) LISTENING COMPREHENSION TEST

YOU WILL GET YOUR DIGITAL EXAMS BACK ON YOUR E-MAIL.

However, if you want to discuss your exam, I shall be available for all kinds of questions on Friday, March 6th, 2026, at 16.00 – 16.45 hours (= kokeiden palautus- ja palautepäivä) in Class Room 31, 3rd floor

RETAKE EXAM: at 17.00 – 20.05 hours on Friday, March 27th, 2026 = UUSINTAKOE, johon on ehdottomasti ilmoittauduttava etukäteen täyttämällä vaaleansininen lomake, jonka saa kansliasta, 2. krs. Lomake palautetaan kansliaan VIIMEISTÄÄN VIIKKOA ENNEN UUSINTAKOETTA eli viimeistään torstaina 20.3.2026. Uusintakoelomakkeesta on myös olemassa sähköinen lomake. Nettisivuilla on pdf, jonka voi suoraan täyttää ja lähettää liitetiedostona kansliaan. Lomake löytyy täältä: https://www.tyk.fi/aikuislukio/tietoa/lomakkeet/

HOME ASSIGNMENT (= opettajalle palautettava kotitehtävä): On pages 139 - 140 you find ten (10) topics for written assignments. Choose one and write your essay on it. Please, do make the difference between small and capital letters. THE ULTIMATE DEAD-LINE is Wednesday, February 4th, 2026!

STUDY PLAN:

January 7, 2026: Introduction to the course / Text 2 Where do I fit in? p. 10 – 12 // ex. 2c p. 13 / GRAMMAR: MODAL AUXILIARIES (CAN, COULD) p. 145 – 146

January 12, 2026: ex. 2e p. 14 // ex. 1 p. 146 & ex. 3 p. 147 // GRAMMAR: MODAL AUXILIARIES (MAY, MIGHT) p. 148 - 149

January 14, 2026: ex. 6 p. 151 / GRAMMAR: MODAL AUXILIARIES (MUST) p. 152 – 153 // ex. 3g p. 27

January 19, 2026: ex. 7 p. 153 & ex. 9 p. 155 // ex. 2b p. 20

January 21, 2026: ex. 13 p. 158 & ex. 14 p. 159 // INDEFINITE PRONOUNS p. 160 - 164 (EVERY-, SOME-, ANY- & NO-)

January 26, 2026: ex. 17 p. 166 & ex. 20 p. 168 – 169 // Text 4 Young activists changing the world p. 30 – 32

January 28, 2026: ex. 4Ab. & 4Ac. & 4Ad. p. 35 // GRAMMAR: OTHER INDEFINITE PRONOUNS p. 161 – 164 (ANOTHER, OTHER, OTHERS, THE OTHER; ALL; WHOLE; BOTH, EACH; EITHER, NEITHER)

February 2, 2026: ex. 25 p. 176 & ex. 26 p. 177 // GRAMMAR: RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND CLAUSES p. 180 – 187 // ex. 29 p. 188 // Text 4B Mari and Harry p. 36

February 4, 2026: ex. 34 p. 192 & ex. 35 p. 193 // ex. 4Bb. & 4Bc. & 4Bd. p. 39 // Text 6 Nothing comes for free p. 51 - 52

THE ULTIMATE DEAD-LINE for the home assignment is on Wednesday, February 4^th, 2026!

February 9, 2026: ex. 6a p. 54 & 6b & 6c p. 55 // Text 7 Surviving a night in A& E p. 62 - 64

February 11, 2026: ex. 7b p. 66 & ex. 7d p. 68 & ex. 7e p. 69 & ex. 7g p. 70 &; ex. 7h p. 70

January 7th, 2026

2026-02-11T14:14:39+02:00

HW ex. 3 p. 147

go running = go for a run
go jogging = go for a jog
go swimming = go for a swim
go walking = go for a walk

VAILLINAISET APUVERBIT:
1. can = preesens / futuuri; osaa; voi; kykenee; saa
could: 1) imperfekti
He could read when he was four.
2) konditionaali (-isi)
Could you help me?
I kond. He could help us if he wanted to.
II kond. He could have helped us if he had wanted to.

1. korvaava muoto: (to) be able to do s-g
1. preesens
I am able to sing. I can sing.
2. imperfekti
I was able to sing before I was able to talk. I could sing before I could talk.
3. perfekti
I have always been able to sing.
4. pluskvamperfekti
I had been able to sing.
5. I futuuri
I will be able to sing at the funeral tomorrow. I can sing tomorrow.
6. I kond.
I would be able to sing. I could sing.
7. II kond.
I would have been able to sing. I could have sung if I had been asked to.

2. (to) know how to
Can you speak Spanish? = Do you know how to speak Spanish?
3. (to) be unable to do s-g: He was unable to help us.
4. (to) manage to: They managed to rescue the people after the accident.
5. it is possible to do s-g: Is it possible for us to know the future?
6. it is impossible for s-b to do s-g: It was impossible for us to say what would happen.

NB! can't = cannot
I can't say anything. = I cannot say anything.
NB 2!
You can't be serious! ilmaisee puhujan arvelua tai päättelyä
She can't have walked all that distance. = Hän ei ole mitenkään voinut kävellä tuota matkaa.

halal food
aubergine = eggplant = munakoiso

January 12th, 2026

2026-01-12T20:04:03+02:00

HW ex. 6 p. 151

2. MAY = saa; on lupa; voi; saattaa ehkä; preesens & futuuri
May I go now?
May I be excused?

MIGHT: saattaisi
I konditionaali: Marc might come to the the meeting if he had time.
II konditionaali: Marc might have come to the meeting if he had had time.

KORVAAVA MUOTO: (to) be allowed to do s-g
1. preesens
I am allowed to try again. I may try again.
2. imperfekti
I was allowed to try again.
3. perfekti
I have been allowed to try again.
4. pluskvamperfekti
I had been allowed to try again.
5. I futuuri
I will be allowed to try again tomorrow. I may try again tomorrow.
6. I konditionaali
I would be allowed to try again. I might try again.
7. II konditionaali
I would have been allowed to try again. I might have tried again.

NB!
You may not understand it.
mennyt:
She may have changed her mind.
He is maybe right.

KIELTEINEN:
puhujan johtopäätös:
Your dog can't have eaten all that chocolate.
= Koirasi ei ole voinut MITENKÄÄN syödä kaikkea tuota suklaata.
MYÖNTEINEN:
Koirasi on VARMAANKIN syönyt tuon suklaapatukan.
= Your dog MUST HAVE EATEN that chocolate bar.

Matti must be sick because he is not in class today. = Matti on VARMAANKIN sairas...
Matti can't be sick because I just saw him and he was as fit as a fiddle.

Teksti

2026-01-12T20:38:59+02:00

exercise 3 Fill in the missing words according to the Finnish clues.
1. couldn’t / weren’t able to get / come / make it
2. was able to carry
3. can’t be
4. has been able to get / has managed to get / land
5. couldn’t / wasn’t able to / didn't manage to find
6. can’t read / doesn’t know how to read
7. wouldn’t have been able to fix / repair
8. hasn’t been able to play
9. can’t have sent
10. can’t have spent / couldn’t have spent
11. Has Jack been able to / managed to build
12. Could / Can Shelly have deleted
13. can’t have eaten
14. Would you have been able to pay / Would you have managed to pay

January 14th, 2026

2026-01-14T20:08:55+02:00

HW ex. 9 p. 155 & ex. 13 p 158 & ex. 14 p. 159

Constitution = perustuslaki

Pauli Kiuru is a Member of Parliament.
Pauli Kiuru is an MP. (koska äännetään / em pii/

The Bill of Rights = The first ten amendments of the Constitution in the United States of America

3. MUST = täytyy; pitää; on varmaan; preesens & futuuri
I must go now.
I must go to the dentist tomorrow.
NB! must not = mustn't = EI SAA
You mustn't smoke in school premises.

KORVAAVA MUOTO: (to) have to do s-g
1. preesens
I have to go now. I must go now.
2. imperfekti
I had to go.
3. perfekti
I have had to go.
4. pluskvamperfekti
I had had to go.
5. I futuuri
I will have to go. I must go.
6. I konditionaali
I would have to go.
7. II konditionaali
I would have had to go.
muita korvaavia muotoja:
1. be forced / be compelled / be obliged
Her husband was forced to leave the country.
The general was compelled to retire.
I feel I am obliged to stay with her.
2. be to
What am I (supposed) to do with her?
Aleksis Kivi was to die young.
President Trump is to give a speech.
3. it's necessary for s-b to do s-g
It has always been necessary for her to have a job.
NB!
Matti must be sick. = Matti on varmaankin sairas.
ilmaisee puhujan arvelua
kielto: Matti can't be sick because I just saw him and he was as fit as a fiddle.
He was as right as rain.
NB!
She must have walked 20 kilometres.
She has had to walk 20 kilometres.

Teksti

2026-01-14T20:17:16+02:00

exercise 6
1. may / might go
2. may / might see / watch
3. might happen
4. is not allowed
5. might / may be
6. might / could have gone
7. has never been allowed to stay
8. hasn’t Jill ever been allowed to ride
9. May I go
10. may / might not surprise
11. may / might have to go
12. haven’t had permission / haven’t been allowed to eat

Teksti

2026-01-14T20:37:10+02:00

exercise 9

Fill in the missing words according to the Finnish clues.

🔒 You will get the correct answers from your teacher.

You ____________________________________________ anyone what I just told you! ~~(et saa kertoa)~~
__________________________________________________ to get into the museum? ~~(Eikö sinun tarvitse maksaa)~~
We ___________________________________________________ in a hotel while we were in Prague. ~~(ei tarvinnut asua)~~
That woman drives a very expensive car. She_____________________________________ loaded. ~~(täytyy olla)~~
Hurry up! We ________________________________________ there on time or we’ll miss the boat! ~~(täytyy olla)~~
Your speech was amazing! You _______________________________________________________ a lot. ~~(on täytynyt harjoitella)~~
I ____________________________________________________ all my meetings this week because I’ve been so sick. ~~(on täytynyt peruuttaa)~~
Growing up, we all ____________________________________________________ interesting to travel in so many countries! ~~(on täytynyt olla)~~
You __________________________________________________ the car up with diesel. It runs on unleaded gas. ~~(et saa täyttää)~~
_____________________________________________________ Theo again! ~~(ei pidä koskaan kutsua)~~

Teksti

2026-01-20T11:36:29+02:00

exercise 11

Translate.


1. Kuinka hyvin osaat uida?	?
2. Kuinka montaa soitinta osaat soittaa?	?
3. Me emme ole voineet käydä salilla.	?
4. Et saa polttaa täällä!	?
5. Voi olla vaikeaa muistaa kaikki säännöt.	?
6. Meidän täytyi kirjoittaa kolme esseetä.	?
7. Sinun on täytynyt olla nälkäinen sen vaelluksen jälkeen!	?
8. Peterin on täytynyt ostaa viisi uutta puhelinta tänä vuonna. Hän hukkaa ne aina.	?


9. En osaa päättää, minkä laukun ostan.	?
10. Saitko kiipeillä puihin ennen kuin olit neljä vuotta vanha?	?
11. Saatat nähdä julkkiksia tänään.	?
12. Saanko nyt lähteä?	?
13. Meidän täytyy harjoitella joka päivä.	?
14. Täytyikö teidän lapsina olla kotona yhdeksään mennessä?	?
15. Sinun ei tarvitse tulla takaisin.	?
16. Et voi olla tosissasi!	?

Opettajan tervehdys

2026-02-03T11:19:07+02:00

Olen Erja Haaksluoto ja opetan englantia Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukiossa. Olen valmistunut Helsingin yliopistosta ja ollut Töölön yhteiskoulun aikuislukiossa syyskuusta 1989 lähtien. Rakastan oopperaa, balettia, klassista musiikkia, konsertteja, kirjallisuutta, runoutta, teatteria, museoita, taidenäyttelyjä - siis kulttuuria - ja kieliä. Rakastan myös opettamista. Olet lämpimästi ja sydämellisesti tervetullut tälle englannin kurssille.

Teksti

2026-01-15T13:04:58+02:00

exercise 13

Fill in.

🔒 You will get the correct answers from your teacher.

Voting is central to the equality of all Americans and American history. The right to vote began in 1776 but the ones who 1. ___________________________________________________________________________________~~(saivat äänestää)~~ were white, property-owning, Protestant men.

The right to vote was extended in 1856 stating that all white men in America 2. _______________________________________________~~(saavat äänestää)~~.

From 1889 onwards men 3. _________________________________~~(täytyi tehdä)~~ literacy tests specifically designed to reduce African American voting.

According to The Nineteenth Amendment from 1919-20, women 4. ______________________________________________~~(täytyy antaa)~~ the right to vote.

Since 1924 all Native Americans born in the USA 5.____________________________________________________________________~~(ovat voineet antaa)~~ their vote.

Americans under the age of 21 6. _________________________________________________________ ~~(eivät olleet voineet osallistua)~~ in elections until 1971.

In 1974, The Supreme Court ruled that states 7.___________________________________________________~~(voivat kieltää)~~ convicted felons the right to vote.

In 1975, laws were passed that said that literacy tests 8. _________________________________________________________ ~~(ei voitu käyttää)~~ anymore.

In 1990, the law required services to ensure that people with disabilities __________________________________________________________________~~(voivat mennä)~~ to polling stations.

One of the biggest landmarks in the history of voting 10. ________________________________________________________________________________________~~(on saattanut olla)~~ the presidential election in 2008. In addition to winning, Obama got a great turnout of voters, which
11. _________________________________________________________________________________~~(on täytynyt olla)~~ almost as great as the victory itself.

January 19th, 2026

2026-01-19T20:07:42+02:00

HW ex. 4A.b & c & d p. 35

Everyone knows her / him.
Every girl should have the right to go to school.
Everything goes wrong today.
Every book is worth reading.
Every one of us knows the truth.

Someone / somebody stole my bike.
Some boy bullied him. = A boy bullied him.
One of the boys bullied Marc. = Yksi pojista...
Some of the boys bullied Marc. = Jotkut pojista...
Something went wrong.
He said so for some reason.
He knows some Finnish. = jonkin verran / vähän suomea

1. Anybody could do it. = Kuka tahansa...
2. He doesn't know anybody here.
3. Do you know anybody here?

1. Any student could do that. = Kuka tahansa opiskelija...
2. He doesn't know any student in this school.
3. Do you know any student in your class?

1. Anything can happen. = Mitä tahansa...
2. He never says anything in class.
3. Did he say anything?

1. Any of the topics interests me. = Mikä tahansa aiheista...
Any of us could help you.
2. She didn't know any of us.
3. Do you know any of them?

Nobody knows me.
No student could solve the problem.
Nothing ever happens here.
I have no money.
None of you know me.

Teksti

2026-01-19T20:18:51+02:00

exercise 9 Fill in the missing words according to the Finnish clues.

1. mustn’t tell
2. Don’t you have to / need to pay
3. didn’t have to / need to stay
4. must be
5. have to be / need to be / must be
6. must have practised
7. have had to cancel
8. had to clean
9. must have been
10. mustn’t fill
11. Did they have / need to pay
12. must never / mustn’t ever call

Teksti

2026-01-26T15:53:25+02:00

exercise 13 Fill in.
The right to vote began in 1776 but the ones who 1. were allowed to vote / could vote were white, property-owning, Protestant men. The right to vote was extended in 1856 stating that all white men in America 2. are allowed to vote / can vote. From 1889 onwards men 3. had to take literacy tests specifically designed to reduce African American voting. According to The Nineteenth Amendment from 1919-20, women 4. must be given / have to be given the right to vote. Since 1924 all Native Americans born in the USA 5. have been able to give/cast their vote. Americans under the age of 21 6. hadn’t been able to take part / participate in elections until 1971. In 1974, The Supreme Court ruled that states 7. may deny convicted felons the right to vote. In 1975, laws were passed that said that literacy tests 8. couldn’t be used anymore. In 1990, the law required services to ensure that people with disabilities 9. can go / are able to go to polling stations. One of the biggest landmarks in the history of voting 10. might / may have been the presidential election in 2008. In addition to winning, Obama got a great turnout of voters, which 11. must have been almost as great as the victory itself.

exercise 14 More advanced. Translate.
1. It must be odd/weird/strange to move to a foreign country, especially because the customs and language may / might be very different.
2. My best friends were immigrants and (they) have had to learn many new things about their new home country.
3. It can’t have been easy, but they have been able / managed to succeed very well.
4. I’m not sure if I could / would be able to move abroad permanently. It might / could be pretty challenging.
5. If I had been allowed to travel abroad with my friends when I was young, I could / might have been braver / more brave to speak foreign languages.
6. My younger sister has always been allowed to do the things she has wanted to, but I have always had to obey the rules.

January 21st, 2026

2026-01-26T12:41:43+02:00

HW ex. 4B.b & c & d p. 39, ex. 17 p. 166

Indefinitive pronouns:
1. a) every + pääsana
He goes to the gym every day.
Every student knows that smoking is not allowed in school premises.
b) everybody / everyone
Everybody goes to school in Finland.
c) everything
Everything seems to go wrong today.
NB!
Every one of us knows the truth. (every one kirjoitetaan kahtena eri sanana, koska of-fraasi seuraa)

2. a) some + pääsana
I'll go to Australia some day.
I want to have some sugar with my coffee.
Some people don't drink coffee at all.
I don't want a / some stranger see me in this situation.
NB!
One of the boys was absent.
Some of the boys were absent.
b) somebody / someone
There is somebody at the door.
Somebody stole my bike.
c) something
Something went wrong.
NB!
There is something rotten in the state of Denmark.
You are something special.

3. a) 1. any + pääsana "TAHANSA"
You can call me any time.
a) 2. kieltosanan tai rajoittavan sanan kanssa
(not, never)
(hardly = barely = scarcely = TUSKIN; seldom = rarely = HARVOIN; only)
He had never seen any foreigner.
He had hardly seen any foreigner.
a) 3. kysymyksissä
Have you ever seen any snake?

b) 1. anybody / anyone (viittaa ihmiseen)
= TAHANSA
Anybody can solve this problem.
b) 2.
We haven't ever seen anybody here.
I hardly saw anybody there.
b) 3. Have you talked to anyone today?

c) 1. ANYTHING (viittaa asiaan)
Anything can happen. = Mitä tahansa voi sattua.
c) 2. kieltosanan tai rajoittavan määreen kanssa:
I hardly / seldom said anything.
c) 3. kysymyksissä:
Have you eaten anything today?

Teksti

2026-01-26T20:48:14+02:00

Text 4 Young activists changing the world
exercise 4Ab
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. b

exercise 4Ac Spot the phrase. How are these expressed in the text?
1. as important in literature as
2. those who are so often unheard
3. in secondary roles
4. for the first time
5. to push for their dreams
6. The attack left 151 students and teachers dead
7. to dedicate his life to stopping these kinds of attacks
8. by making education accessible to all
9. to help at-risk young people
10. its aim

exercise 4Ad Translate.
1. For the first time (ever) I saw a movie that didn’t present native Americans in secondary roles.
2. The protagonist / main character dedicated their/his/her life to helping at-risk young people / young people at risk. (The pronoun “they” can be used to refer to a person whose gender is not known)
3. They founded / started an NGO.
4. Its aim is to make education accessible to all.
5. It was great to see/witness young people pushing / push for their dreams.

January 26th, 2026

2026-01-26T20:09:44+02:00

4. NO + pääsana
No man is an island. = Yksikään ihminen ei ole saari.
No car is affordable to me.
b) nobody / no one
"Nobody knows the trouble I've seen. Nobody knows my sorrow..."
c) nothing
Nothing changed.
NB!
None of us remember / remembers him.
NB!
Kari saw two eagles. I saw none.

Teksti

2026-01-26T20:06:50+02:00

HW ex. A & B p. 72 -73

She is on maternal leave.
He was on paternity leave.
parental leave
I was on sick leave.

majority vs minority
Finland is a welfare state.

Life expectancy in Finland in 2025 is 79.6 years for boys and 84.8 years for girls.
marginalization = alienation

seek, sought, sought asylum
an asylum seeker
a refugee
an immigrant

She is second to none. = She is incomparable / matchless.

He is nothing but skin and bone. = Hän on pelkkää luuta ja nahkaa.

There is nothing like having a cup of coffee when you are tired.
There is nothing like sleeping late in the mornings.

Skating is anything but easy.
= Skating is very difficult / hard.

In any case / At any rate / Anyhow / Anyway, we have done our best. = Joka tapauksessa me olemme tehneet parhaamme.

Teksti

2026-01-26T20:31:34+02:00

17 Translate into English. Your partner checks.
Every
1. Is everything ready?
2. Everybody/everyone has already left.
3. Every good player knows the rules.
4. Not everybody/everyone remembers everything.
5. Every time / each time you leave, the dog howls.
6. Every one of us / each (one) of us loves pizza.
7. Not everybody/everyone has ordered the same pizza.
8. Does everything happen for a reason?
9. Why do I always have to repeat everything?
10. Every one of them / each (one) of them loves Lucy.
Some
1. There's something strange about our new neighbour.
2. Somebody/someone is knocking on the door.
3. Somebody/someone has put their dirty sock in the fridge.
4. Something is wrong with this recipe. / There's something wrong with this recipe.
5. Some of you know the right answer.
6. Some strange guy was going through our trash/rubbish last night.
7. One of you knows him for sure / is sure to know him.
8. Would you like to taste something sweet?
9. Someone/ somebody other than you should cook tonight.
10. Did you tell our secret to one of them?
Any
1. Anything goes / will do.
2. Anybody/anyone could help you.
3. Does anybody/anyone here have their wallet with them? / Is there anybody/anyone here who has their wallet with them?
4. We didn't have any idea / We had no idea who had stolen the apples.
5. Sue didn't want to talk to any of us.
6. Any (one) of you could be the next winner.
7. Have you seen any good films/movies recently/lately?
8. How could Tom leave without saying anything to anybody/anyone?
9. It was anything but fun.
10. In any case / at any rate / anyhow / anyway, we had a good time at the party.
No
1. Nobody / no one likes worms/maggots.
2. Nothing has happened.
3. No teacher remembers my name.
4. None of us likes coffee.
5. None of you is ever late.
6. Nobody / no one remembered their password.
7. Nothing good can/will come out of this.
8. There you are, none too soon / not a moment too soon!
9. There's nothing like an ice cream on a hot day.
10. That girl is nothing but trouble.

exercise 18
1. Ei niin pahaa, ettei jotain hyvääkin.
2. Paistaa se päivä risukasaankin.
3. Kyllä vakka kantensa valitsee.
4. Jaettu vastuu ei ole kenenkään vastuu.
5. Parempi pyy pivossa kuin kymmenen oksalla.
6. Valot palavat, mutta ketään ei ole kotona.
7. Menneitä ei kannata surra.
8. Hyvä kaikessa, muttei mestari missään.
9. Vaikeuksien kautta voittoon.
10. Jos ei kuulu mitään, kaikki on hyvin.
11. Ei savua ilman tulta.
12. Kannattaa takoa, kun rauta on kuumaa.
13. Huonokin tekosyy on parempi kuin ei mitään.
14. Kohteliaisuus ei maksa mitään.
15. Ilkeät sanat haavoittavat.

Teksti

2026-01-26T20:45:08+02:00

exercise 4Bb
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. b

exercise 4Bc
1. failed to apply corrosion inhibitors
2. contaminated in lead
3. causing birth defects in newborns
4. despite thousands of complaints
5. At just 8 years old
6. is present in everything he does
7. films covering topics such as mental health and dementia
8. a comprehensive ban across the UK
9. so as to conform to a heteronormative lifestyle
10. in the future

exercise 4Bd Translate.
1. Hate speech covers topics such as racism and discrimination but encourages people to act violently.
2. It contaminates people’s minds and those who are completely unaware / ignorant of it can take it at face value.
3. Despite millions of complaints sent to social media companies, they haven’t done much.
4. There will be a comprehensive ban on hate speech in the future.

January 28th, 2026

2026-01-29T09:54:53+02:00

HW ex. 22 p. 173, ex. 23 p. 174, ex. 25 p. 176, ex. 26 p. 177

Muita indefiniittisiä pronomineja:
1. all
I have lived here all my life. = my whole life
He speaks all the time. = the whole time
all day / all night / all day / all week / all year
She has been cleaning the house all day.
He slept all night.
koko Suomi =
The whole of Finland was covered with snow. (maantieteellisenä: koko Suomi)
All Finland was watching the game. (Koko Suomi = ihmiset)
2.
He slept a whole day. = kokonaisen päivän
He slept the whole day. = koko päivän
3. BOTH
Both (the) girls were at school.
Both his arms are tattooed.
4. neither / either
He had two sisters. Neither went to college. (= Kumpikaan ei mennyt yliopistoon.)
I have two books. You can take either of them. = jommankumman niistä
5. each (= every)
He said to us, "To each his own." = kullekin ansionsa mukaan
Each boy did his homework. = Every boy...

6. another / other / the other / others / the others
a) another
I have another question. = vielä toinen / vielä yksi kysymys
We stayed there for five days. Then we decided to stay there another five days. = vielä toiset viisi päivää
Last night I read fifty pages. Tonight I'll read another fifty pages. = vielä toiset viisikymmentä sivua
one - another: He made one mistake after another.
I'll learn it one way or another. = tavalla tai toisella
one another = each other: We are supposed to love one another. = We are supposed to love each other.
Good friends forgive one another's shortcomings. = Good friends forgive each other's shortcomings. = toinen toisensa vajavaisuudet
b) other = adjektiivinen
Do you have any other questions?
c) the other
Where is the other shoe?
Let's walk to the other side of the road.
one - the other: One eye is blue, the other is green. (= toinen - toinen)
The other day: I bought a piano the other day.(= tässä eräänä päivänä)
NB! on (the) one hand; on the other hand = TOISAALTA
On (the) one hand I am meticulous, on the other hand I am absent-minded.
d) others
Others will follow us. ( = other people)
Some people have everything while others have nothing.
e) the others
Some girls went home; the others stayed at school.

a detention center / centre = vastaanottokeskus

flee, fled, fled = escape
an infant
mortal
longevity

subsidies (yleensä monikossa: tukijaiset)
subsidize (v.)

We all are equal.

Teksti

2026-01-29T10:00:03+02:00

Glossary: society and health care A Write down the word or phrase to fit the definition.
1. private sector
2. discrimination
3. immigration
4. home care
5. alienation
6. reimbursements
7. student allowance
8. health care
9. equality
10. social security
11. unemployment benefit
12. emigrant
13. citizenship
14. paternity leave
15. refugee
exercise B Fill in according to the Finnish clues.
1. health care
2. Infant mortality
3. universal coverage / universal health coverage
4. health insurance
5. preventive care
6. specialists
7. referral
8. hospital stay
9. citizens
10. life expectancy

February 2nd, 2026

2026-02-02T20:16:20+02:00

HW ex. 6b & 6c & 6d p. 55

Teksti

2026-02-02T20:32:20+02:00

exercise 22 Translate into English. Your partner checks.
1. Can/May I ask you another question?
2. The President would like to be in office for another six years.
3. Others / other people might vote for him, but not me.
4. My aunt's twin sons/boys resemble each other / one another.
5. One is called Jack, the other Peter.
6. Some girls prefer Jack, others Peter.
7. Can we be honest with each other / one another?
8. Our cat had six kittens. Some were grey, the others black.
9. Would you like another cup of tea?
10. Emma and I are each other's / one another's best friends.
11. Why do some people always complain and others never do?
12. I didn't know which bag to buy. One was bright red and the other shiny.

exercise 23 Translate into English. Your partner checks.
1. All my credit cards were stolen.
2. All (of) the money in my bank account was spent in a day.
3. All (that) / Everything (that) I remember is having my wallet in my pocket on the train.
4. We all were surprised when it was gone.
5. After that everything went wrong on our trip.
6. My friends had to lend me money all the time / the whole time.
7. I didn't care about the stolen wallet but partied all night.
8. My whole trip turned out to be a success after all.
9. All Naples partied with us.
10. Both my dad and mum were quite worried about me.
11. Each of them called me many many times.
12. They told me to either come home or stop partying.
13. I neither listened to them nor went home.
14. I'm now so broke that I need to do all (that) / everything (that) my parents tell me to.
15. The whole of Finland is sunny but I need to do chores/housework indoors.
16. I need/have to work all summer / the whole summer.

exercise 24 Look at the drawings below. Match the proverb with the picture. Fill in.
1. The grass is always greener on the other side of the hill.
2. If you chase two rabbits, you will not catch either one.
3. One man’s trash is another man’s treasure.
4. All is fair in love and war.
5. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
6. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
7. All good things must come to an end.

exercise 25
1. All of you / You all out there are reading this sentence now.
2. Some of you have realized that this is a stupid fact while the others reading this are still wondering what's going on. 4. You neither noticed nor wondered why I had skipped number three.
5. You are either checking now or already smiling.
6. Some are still reading this while others find it too silly to continue.
8. One of you has perhaps noticed that I skipped number seven, but not all/everybody.
9. You are having another look and smiling about how you fell for the same thing again.
10. Tell each other / one another how you did.
11. Can you also come up with another joke like this that you have seen or heard?

exercise 26 The following is an African folktale. Fill in the story with the indefinite pronouns given in the box. Listen to check your answers. Ratkaisut Long, long ago some animals had 1. no tails and 2. others very small ones. One day the lion asked 3. all the animals to come to him and told them to get good tails 4. one way or another. It was 5. both cold 5. and rainy. The hare only had a short little tail. But he did not like to go out and said to 6. the other animals, “Please, bring me a tail. I can’t go 7. anywhere when it rains.” “What kind of tail do you want to have?” 8. every / each animal asked him in turn. “Oh, 9. any tail will be good for me," the hare answered 10. every one of them. 11. Some time later the animals came back and 12. each / every animal had a beautiful tail. But 13. nobody had remembered to bring 14. another tail for the hare. 15. None of the animals had 16. anything for the hare. 17. Some of them forgot all about the hare; 18. the others perhaps remembered but could not find a good tail. The hare still has a short little tail and learnt that if you must do 19. something, don’t ask 20. other animals to do it for you.

February 4th, 2026

2026-02-09T12:57:54+02:00

HW ex. 32, 33 & 34 p. 191 - 192

RELATIVE PRONOUNS and CLAUSES:

1. a) who = joka; jotka; VIITTAA IHMISEEN
b) whom
c) whose

Marc is a doctor who always keeps his word.
a doctor = antecedent = korrelaatti = se sana (tai lauseenosa tai kokonainen lause), johon relatiivipronomini viittaa
Pauli Pöyhönen and Toni Jäntti are cardiologists who(m) I trust.

b) whom = who-sanan objektimuoto; sitä on käytettävä, jos who-sanaa ennen on prepositio
This is the obstetrician to whom I spoke.
= This is the obstetrician (who(m)) I spoke to.
I met two neurologists, both of whom were foreigners.
I consulted many doctors, none of whom could help me.

c) whose = jonka; joiden; genetiivi- eli omistusmuoto
I went to see a cardiologist whose name was Anna Mari Hekkala.
Children whose parents work too hard may feel lonely.

2. WHICH = joka; mikä viittaa ei-elolliseen, elottomiin olioihin; asioihin, esineisiin
I saw the gown which surgeons wear in operation theatres.
I don't want to wear clothes which cost very much.
She passed the exam with flying colours, which surprised us all.
kun koko lause on korrelaattina, tulee pilkku ja which
I bought a house the roof of which was leaking. = I bought a house whose roof was leaking.
a witch = noita

3. THAT viittaa ihmisiin ja asioihin; sitä ennen EI OLE pilkkua
The bus (that) I took was full.
The passengers that were on the bus looked tired.
a) jos korrelaatissa on sana all
All (that) you need is love.
b) jos korrelaatissa on -thing-loppuinen pronomini
Everything (that) you say can be used against you in court of law.
I can't remember anything that happened. that-pronominia ei voi jättää pois, koska se on relatiivilauseen subjekti
He said something that surprised me.
Nothing (that) you say can make me change my mind.
c) jos korrelaatissa on järjestysluku tai superlatiivi
Charles Lindbergh was the first person that flew solo across the Atlantic.
It was the most exciting novel (that) I have ever read.
d) jos korrelaatissa on sana little, much, few, last tai only
There is little (that) we can do.
There isn't much that can be done.
4. WHAT = "se, mikä"
What we need is love.
What happened was an accident.
This is what he said.

the weather
whether = -ko, -kö

a gynaecologist (n.)

Teksti

2026-02-04T20:46:56+02:00

exercise 6a Read the text. Then, choose the best alternative to complete the summary of the text.
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. b 6. c 7. a 8. b 9. b

exercise 6b Spot the phrase. How are these expressed in the text?
1. asked her friends for recommendations for good obstetricians
2. to see whether they accepted
3. most of the visits
4. on matters such as breastfeeding
5. at the time
6. shorter days and more predictable hours
7. to work from home
8. after giving birth
9. covering the costs
10. to determine their quality and reputation
11. at the age of four months
12. by the time
13. she was no longer entitled to any leave
14. she had no choice but to go to the office every day
15. on average
16. pay several thousands of dollars out of pocket

exercise 6c Translate the sentences into English. Use the previous exercise for help.
1. I asked my friends for recommendations for a good job/workplace on/via social media.
2. On matters such as this, I often ask for help from my friends to see whether/if they have had similar experiences.
3. I’d like to work shorter days than now/at present, and I’d also like to work from home occasionally / from time to time.
4. In my current job, I have no choice but to go to the office every day, and, on average, my work days last over nine hours, which is more than I’d like.
5. But if I changed jobs now, I wouldn’t be entitled to leave next summer.

exercise 6d Complete the crossword with words from the wordlist.
Across 1. research 2. reputation 3. salary 4. allow 5. require 6. acquaintance 7. regular 8. generous 9. cover 10. infant Down 11. grateful 12. determine 13. ordeal 14. pregnant 15. leave 16. general 17. encourage 18. insurance 19. agony 20. surgery

Teksti

2026-02-04T20:42:27+02:00

exercise 30 Choose the best alternatives. Discuss the reasons for your choices with your partner. 1. which 2. that 3. What 4. who 5. whose 6. who 7. that 8. which 9. whose 10. which 11. which 12. that 13. whose 14. what

February 9th, 2026

2026-02-09T20:08:29+02:00

HW ex. 35 p. 193, ex. 7b p. 66, ex. 7d p. 68, ex. 7e p. 69, ex. 7g p. 70

a pickle
a cucumber

resuscitate (v.) = elvyttää

well
unwell

joka toinen päivä:
1. every other day
2. every second day
3. every two days

Teksti

2026-02-09T20:24:04+02:00

exercise 32
Say in English.
1. The floorball player (that/who) I met yesterday is called Timothy.
2. He plays floorball on a team which/that is very good.
3. The team practises every second day /every other day, which seems like quite a lot.
4. The players whose skills are excellent enjoy the game.
5. Everything / All (that) they try seems to work/succeed.
6. In fact / As a matter of fact, their team is the best one (that) I know.
7. What makes them better than the rest is no secret: love of/for the game.
8. Wild parties are something (that) they are always ready for.
9. The players, some of whom have been with the team for years, enjoy playing.
10. The matches, most of which they win, are popular.
11. The coaches, one of whom is Dutch, believe in the team.
12. Anybody/Anyone who sees them play/playing understands why they are so good.
13. Those who / the ones who don't play floorball themselves should try it / give it a try.
14. The games, none of which I've missed, have been excellent.
15. What the team cares about is fair play and not victory.
16. Something that might surprise you is that the team is called the Grey Panthers.
17. The players, most of whom are more than 85 years old, have strong muscles.
18. The Grey Panthers, whose team means a lot to them, love to give / giving interviews.

February 11th, 2026

2026-02-11T20:04:57+02:00

exercise 35

More advanced. Turn the second sentence into a relative clause and make the necessary changes. The words that the relative pronouns should refer to are in italics.

I've always wanted to travel to New York City. You can visit The High Line in New York.

I've always wanted to travel to New York City where / in which you can visit The High Line.

🔒 You will get the correct answers from your teacher.


1. Times Square has bright lights. The colours of the lights are beautiful.	Times Square has bright lights whose colours are beautiful. / the colours of which are beautiful.
2. Classic pizza joints are packed with people. People love pizza.	Classic pizza joints are packed with people who/that love pizza.
3. Coney Island has the best rides. Children and adults alike enjoy the rides.	Coney Island has the best rides that children and adults alike enjoy.
4. Joggers prefer Central Park. People often walk their dogs there.	Joggers prefer Central Park where / in which people often walk their dogs.
5. I'm not afraid of heights. That's why the Empire State Building fascinates me.	I'm not afraid of heights, which is why The Empire State Building fascinates me.
6. The 9/11 Memorial has waterfalls. The sound of the waterfalls is soothing.	The 9/11 Memorial has waterfalls whose sound / the sound of which is soothing.
7. The West Village inhabitants are artists. Artists want to live in a hip place.	The West Village inhabitants are artists who/that want to live in a hip place.
8. The Guggenheim Museum of Art was built in the form of a spiral. The specialty of the Guggenheim Museum of Art is modern art.	The Guggenheim Museum of Art, whose specialty is modern art, / the specialty of which is modern art, was built in the form of a spiral.

Teksti

2026-02-11T20:52:41+02:00

exercise 7b Spot the phrase. How are these expressed in the text?
1. gives an account of a night shift
2. I am in charge of the entire department
3. a very unwell 80-year-old with difficulty in breathing
4. which of the sick patients
5. in there a less high priority area
6. patients with longstanding heart, lung, or kidney disease
7. we are getting better at treating them
8. more and more drink-related problems
9. patients want a 24/7 health service
10. another priority call
11. a man in his forties
12. I’m past being hungry now

exercise 7d Complete the sentences with the English translation of the given phrases. You can find the phrases and the words in the text.
1. registrar
2. an account of a night shift
3. in charge of / responsible for
4. A & E
5. resuscitation
6. not enough space
7. having a heart attack
8. priority area
9. getting better at
10. enough resources
11. a handover

exercise 7e Translate. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7g I have been an A&E doctor for three quarters of my career. We need/have to make sure none of the patients is/are having a heart attack. A very unwell man comes in and he has difficulties with breathing. Patients with longstanding diseases come back when new complications arise. One of them comes to A&E by ambulance for the third time in the last 24 hours. We’ve found nothing acutely wrong with him. Find how the phrases 1 to 3 were expressed in the text. Then translate the rest of the phrases into English using the same structure. 1. her three-year-old son
2. an 86-year-old man
3. a three-year complaint of back pain
***
4. an eight-month-old baby
5. a four-hour(-long) wait
6. an eight-hour(-long) day shift
7. a ten-people-long queue/line
8. an 800-page(-long) book
9. a 22-foot(-deep) well
10. a 95-storey(-tall) skyscraper

exercise 7h Online visits to the doctor with consultation over video calls are becoming a bigger trend. Watch the video and answer the following questions in Finnish.
a. Kotonaan. Hän kirjautuu verkkoon ja aloittaa "online-kotikäynnit".
b. Hänellä on kyhmy ranteessa. Lääkäri toteaa sen olevan (kysta ja) hyvin tavallista.
c. Ihmiset, joilla ei ole vakuutusta ja jotka asuvat etäällä terveyspalveluista ja ihmiset, joiden on hankala lähteä kotoaan (ei lastenhoitajaa, ovat iäkkäitä tai kroonisesti sairaita).
d. Potilaita kehotetaan hakeutumaan henkilökohtaiselle lääkärin vastaanotolle.
e. Hänen mielestään monet vaivat, kuten esimerkiksi vatsavaivat, vaativat potilaan tunnustelua ja erityisiä tutkimuksia. Ne eivät onnistu näyttöruudun välityksellä.

exercise 7h / Tapescript

2026-02-11T20:56:24+02:00

News reporter: With wait at doctors’ offices increasing, online visits are becoming the new house calls. Google is testing such a service. Other companies already offer it, taking medicine from “the doctor is in” to “the doctor is online”. Here's Vladimir Duthiers.

Vladimir Duthiers: It's 5 PM. Doctor Lauralee Yalden puts on her doctor's coat and logs on.

Dr. Yalden: Hi Nicholas, how are you?

Nicholas: I’m doing well, how you doing?

Dr. Yalden: Good .

Vladimir Duthiers: Her apartment is now a doctor's office and she's ready to make a house call.

Dr. Yalden: What can I do to help you out today?

Vladimir Duthiers: Doctor Yalden is part of a growing number of physicians offering online consultations. With cameras and connectivity, patients can log on and ask for a doctor anytime, 24/7.

Patient: It'll be about low to mid back.

Dr. Yalden: I’m able to see tonsils and skin rashes and conjunctivitis. I mean, for certain instances I don't think that would make much of a difference online versus being in person.

Vladimir Duthiers: Can you see that, Doctor?

Vladimir Duthiers: I tested this service by asking about a lump on my wrist.

Doctor: Ganglion cysts or tendon sheaths are very common.

Vladimir Duthiers: I always worry.

Doctor: Any lump anywhere really will freak you out, no question, the first thing you think of is “oh my gosh, it's cancer”.

Vladimir Duthiers: That doctor works for a company called Amwell which has grown 1000% in two years. CEO Roy Schoenberg says easy access is the key to their success.

Roy Schoenberg: People who don't have insurance, people that live far from health care, people that have challenges on leaving their home, whether they don't have a babysitter or whether because they're elderly and they have a chronic condition. We see the entire spectrum of people using telehealth.

Vladimir Duthiers: But how many doctors have agreed to be part of Amwell?

Roy Schoenberg: Thousands.

Vladimir Duthiers: Thousands?

Roy Schoenberg: Yes.

Vladimir Duthiers: Right now 22% of employers offer video councils through health plans. 71% say they will offer it by 2017. Any serious medical conditions are flagged immediately for in person care.

Doctor: And how may I help you, Sir?

Vladimir Duthiers: Another company Teladoc, offered only through employee benefit plans, covers 8 million people.

Doctor: Yeah, it's gonna be really critical for you to get back with your primary care physician.

Dr. William Gluckman: I'm not buying it at this point.

Vladimir Duthiers: Not all physicians are signing on. Dr. William Gluckman wants his patients in front of him.

Dr. William Gluckman: Certain complaints such as abdominal pain really do require me to feel both for size of organs and location of tenderness, and to do some very specific exams you just can't do over a video screen.

Vladimir Duthiers: Webdocs can't treat everything, but this website manner is starting to catch on. Vladimir Duthiers, CBS News, New York.