5.3 Heikon emäksen tai hapon vesiliuoksen pH
https://peda.net/id/3ffe0750178
2020-10-26T14:46:21+02:00
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<div class="license">Tämän sivun lisenssi <a rel="license" href="https://peda.net/info">Peda.net-yleislisenssi</a></div>
5.18
https://peda.net/id/63a49068179
2020-10-26T15:48:24+02:00
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BA%5E-%5Cright%5D%7D%7Bc%5Cleft(HA%5Cright)_%7Balku%7D%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D01" alt="\frac{\left[A^-\right]}{c\left(HA\right)_{alku}}=0{,}01"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BA%5E-%5Cright%5D%3D0%7B%2C%7D0001%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%3D%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D" alt="\left[A^-\right]=0{,}0001\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}=\left[H_3O^+\right]"/><br/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_a%3D%5Cfrac%7BK_w%7D%7BK_b%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D008%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-14%7D%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D0001%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D008%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-10%7D" alt="K_a=\frac{K_w}{K_b}=\frac{1{,}008\cdot10^{-14}}{0{,}0001}=1{,}008\cdot10^{-10}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=pK_a%3D-%5Clg%20K_a%3D9%7B%2C%7D99653...%5Capprox10" alt="pK_a=-\lg K_a=9{,}99653...\approx10"/></div>
<div>happo sijoittuisi happovakionsa perusteella vetykarbonaatti-ionin yläpuolelle, jonka pKa on 10,33</div>
2020-10-26T15:44:37+02:00
5.17
https://peda.net/id/65fa7334178
2020-10-26T15:30:22+02:00
<div>c=0,10mol/dm³</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0A%26%5Cleft%5BAl%5Cleft(H_2O%5Cright)_6%5Cright%5D%5E%7B3%2B%7D%26H_2O%26%5Cleft%5BAl%5Cleft(H_2O%5Cright)_5OH%5E-%5Cright%5D%5E%7B2%2B%7D%26H_3O%5E%2B%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0Ac_%7Balku%7D%260%7B%2C%7D10%26-%260%260%5C%5C%0Amuutos%26-x%26-%26%2Bx%26%2Bx%5C%5C%0Ac_%7Btasap%7D%260%7B%2C%7D10-x%26-%260%7B%2C%7D001%260%7B%2C%7D001%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} &\left[Al\left(H_2O\right)_6\right]^{3+}&H_2O&\left[Al\left(H_2O\right)_5OH^-\right]^{2+}&H_3O^+\\ \hline c_{alku}&0{,}10&-&0&0\\ muutos&-x&-&+x&+x\\ c_{tasap}&0{,}10-x&-&0{,}001&0{,}001 \end{array}"/></div>
<div>pH=3,00</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=10%5E%7B-3%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D001" alt="10^{-3}=0{,}001"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=-%5Clg%5Cleft(0%7B%2C%7D001%5Cright)%3D3" alt="-\lg\left(0{,}001\right)=3"/></div>
<div> </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D%3D0%7B%2C%7D001%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="\left[H_3O^+\right]=0{,}001\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
<div> </div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_a%3D%5Cfrac%7BK_w%7D%7BK_b%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D008%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-14%7D%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D001%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D008%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-11%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="K_a=\frac{K_w}{K_b}=\frac{1{,}008\cdot10^{-14}}{0{,}001}=1{,}008\cdot10^{-11}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=pK_a%3D-%5Clg%20K_a%3D10%7B%2C%7D9965...%5Capprox11" alt="pK_a=-\lg K_a=10{,}9965...\approx11"/></div>
<div> </div>
<div>protolysoitumisaste</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D%7D%7Bc%5Cleft(%5Cleft%5BAl%5Cleft(H_2O%5Cright)_6%5Cright%5D%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cright)_%7Balku%7D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D001%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D10%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D01%3D1%5C%25" alt="\frac{\left[H_3O^+\right]}{c\left(\left[Al\left(H_2O\right)_6\right]^{3+}\right)_{alku}}=\frac{0{,}001}{0{,}10}=0{,}01=1\%"/></div>
2020-10-26T15:30:22+02:00
5.15
https://peda.net/id/387d2882178
2020-10-26T15:07:37+02:00
a)<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0A%26HF%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%26H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%26H_3O%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%26F%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0Ac_%7Balku%7D%260%7B%2C%7D020%26-%260%260%5C%5C%0Amuutos%26-x%26-%26%2Bx%26%2Bx%5C%5C%0Ac_%7Btasap%7D%260%7B%2C%7D020-x%26-%26x%26x%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l} &HF\left(aq\right)&H_2O\left(l\right)&H_3O^+\left(aq\right)&F^-\left(aq\right)\\ \hline c_{alku}&0{,}020&-&0&0\\ muutos&-x&-&+x&+x\\ c_{tasap}&0{,}020-x&-&x&x \end{array}"/><br/>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K_a%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D%5Cleft%5BF%5E-%5Cright%5D%7D%7B%5Cleft%5BHF%5Cright%5D%7D%5CRightarrow6%7B%2C%7D8%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D020-x%7D" alt="K_a=\frac{\left[H_3O^+\right]\left[F^-\right]}{\left[HF\right]}\Rightarrow6{,}8\cdot10^{-4}=\frac{x^2}{0{,}020-x}"/></div>
<div>x=−0.004043 tai x=0.003363</div>
<div>vain positiivinen arvo kelpaa, sillä oksoniumionikonsentraation tulee kasvaa</div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D%3D4%7B%2C%7D043%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="\left[H_3O^+\right]=4{,}043\cdot10^{-3}\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
<div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=pH%3D-%5Clg%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D%3D2%7B%2C%7D39" alt="pH=-\lg\left[H_3O^+\right]=2{,}39"/><br/>
<br/>
b)<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft%5BF%5E-%5Cright%5D%3D%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D%5CRightarrow%5C%20%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%5BF%5E-%5Cright%5D%7D%7Bc%5Cleft(HF%5Cright)_%7Balku%7D%7D%5Ccdot100%5C%25" alt="\left[F^-\right]=\left[H_3O^+\right]\Rightarrow\ \frac{\left[F^-\right]}{c\left(HF\right)_{alku}}\cdot100\%"/><br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%3D%5Cfrac%7B4%7B%2C%7D304%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D020%7D%5Ccdot100%5C%25%3D21%7B%2C%7D5%5C%25" alt="=\frac{4{,}304\cdot10^{-3}}{0{,}020}\cdot100\%=21{,}5\%"/><br/>
c)<br/>
<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c_%7Btasap%7D%3Dc_%7Balku%7D-%5Cleft%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5Cright%5D%3D0%7B%2C%7D020-4%7B%2C%7D304%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D015696%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c_{tasap}=c_{alku}-\left[H_3O^+\right]=0{,}020-4{,}304\cdot10^{-3}=0{,}015696\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div>
2020-10-26T15:07:37+02:00