22. lokakuuta 2025
https://peda.net/id/21fb1880ae9
2025-10-21T18:46:39+03:00
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Vertaileminen ohjelmoinnissa (ei vain Pythonissa)
https://peda.net/id/c8eb6302ae9
2025-10-21T18:56:44+03:00
<h2><!--filtered attribute: data-start="190"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="229"-->🔍 1. Mitä tarkoittaa vertaileminen?</h2>
<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="231"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="351"-->Kun vertaillaan arvoja, halutaan tietää <strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="271"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="298"-->onko jokin totta vai ei</strong>.<br/>
<!--filtered attribute: data-start="299"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="302"-->Pythonissa tätä tehdään usein <strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="332"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="350"-->if-rakenteessa</strong>.</p>
<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="353"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="365"-->Esimerkiksi:</p>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="whitespace-pre! language-python"><span>ikä = <span class="hljs-number">15</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ikä >= <span class="hljs-number">13</span>:
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Olet teini-ikäinen!"</span>)
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<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="437"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="574"-->➡️ Tässä ohjelma <strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="454"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="464"-->vertaa</strong> muuttujaa <code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="475"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="480"-->ikä</code> ja lukua <code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="490"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="494"-->13</code>.<br/>
<!--filtered attribute: data-start="495"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="498"-->Koska 15 on suurempi kuin 13, ehto on <strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="536"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="544"-->tosi</strong>, ja ohjelma tulostaa tekstin.</p>
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<h2><!--filtered attribute: data-start="581"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="604"-->⚙️ 2. Vertailumerkit</h2>
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<thead><!--filtered attribute: data-start="606"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="648"-->
<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="606"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="648"-->
<th><!--filtered attribute: data-start="606"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="615"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->Merkki</th>
<th><!--filtered attribute: data-start="615"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="627"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->Tarkoitus</th>
<th><!--filtered attribute: data-start="627"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="639"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->Esimerkki</th>
<th><!--filtered attribute: data-start="639"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="648"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->Tulos</th>
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</thead>
<tbody><!--filtered attribute: data-start="695"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="993"-->
<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="695"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="742"-->
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="695"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="702"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="697"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="701"-->==</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="702"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="723"-->on yhtä suuri kuin</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="723"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="734"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="725"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="733"-->5 == 5</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="734"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="742"-->True</td>
</tr>
<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="743"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="794"-->
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="743"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="750"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="745"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="749"-->!=</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="750"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="775"-->ei ole yhtä suuri kuin</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="775"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="786"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="777"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="785"-->5 != 3</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="786"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="794"-->True</td>
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<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="795"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="836"-->
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="795"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="801"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="797"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="800"-->></code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="801"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="817"-->suurempi kuin</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="817"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="828"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="819"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="827"-->10 > 3</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="828"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="836"-->True</td>
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<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="837"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="877"-->
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="837"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="843"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="839"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="842"--><</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="843"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="859"-->pienempi kuin</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="859"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="869"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="861"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="868"-->2 < 5</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="869"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="877"-->True</td>
</tr>
<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="878"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="935"-->
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="878"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="885"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="880"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="884"-->>=</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="885"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="916"-->suurempi tai yhtä suuri kuin</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="916"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="927"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="918"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="926"-->5 >= 5</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="927"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="935"-->True</td>
</tr>
<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="936"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="993"-->
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="936"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="943"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="938"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="942"--><=</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="943"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="974"-->pienempi tai yhtä suuri kuin</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="974"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="985"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="976"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="984"-->3 <= 4</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="985"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="993"-->True</td>
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<h2><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1000"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1030"-->🔢 3. int ja float vertailu</h2>
<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1032"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1151"--><strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1032"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1055"-->Kokonaisluvut (int)</strong> ja <strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1059"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1085"-->desimaaliluvut (float)</strong> voidaan vertailla keskenään,<br/>
<!--filtered attribute: data-start="1114"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1117"-->koska molemmat ovat <strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1137"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1150"-->numeroita</strong>.</p>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="whitespace-pre! language-python"><span>a = <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
b = <span class="hljs-number">5.0</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> a == b:
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Luvut ovat samat!"</span>)
</span></code></div>
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<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1225"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1322"-->✅ Tulostaa: <code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1237"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1256"-->Luvut ovat samat!</code><br/>
<!--filtered attribute: data-start="1256"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1259"-->(selitys: 5 ja 5.0 ovat arvoltaan samat, vaikka tyypit eroavat)</p>
<hr></hr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1324"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1327"-->
<h2><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1329"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1359"-->📝 4. str (teksti) vertailu</h2>
<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1361"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1409"-->Tekstejä (<code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1371"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1376"-->str</code>) verrataan myös <code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1393"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1397"-->==</code>-merkillä.</p>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="whitespace-pre! language-python"><span>nimi = <span class="hljs-string">"Ada"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> nimi == <span class="hljs-string">"Ada"</span>:
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Hei Ada!"</span>)
</span></code></div>
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<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1479"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1501"-->✅ Tulostaa: <code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1491"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1501"-->Hei Ada!</code></p>
<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1503"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1580"-->⚠️ <strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1506"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1518"-->Tärkeää:</strong> Tekstivertailussa isot ja pienet kirjaimet <strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1562"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1579"-->ovat eri asia</strong>:</p>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="whitespace-pre! language-python"><span>nimi = <span class="hljs-string">"ada"</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> nimi == <span class="hljs-string">"Ada"</span>:
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Hei Ada!"</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Tämä ei tulostu, koska kirjaimet eroavat</span>
</span></code></div>
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<h2><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1699"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1740"-->🚫 5. Älä vertaa eri tyyppejä sekaisin</h2>
<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1742"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1810"-->Jos yrität verrata <strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1761"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1781"-->tekstiä ja lukua</strong>, Python ei tiedä mitä tehdä.</p>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="whitespace-pre! language-python"><span>ikä = <span class="hljs-string">"15"</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># tämä on teksti</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ikä > <span class="hljs-number">10</span>: <span class="hljs-comment"># virhe!</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Olet yli 10"</span>)
</span></code></div>
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<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1910"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1981"-->❌ Tämä antaa virheilmoituksen, koska <code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1947"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1953"-->"15"</code> on <strong><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1957"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1967"-->teksti</strong>, ei numero.</p>
<p><!--filtered attribute: data-start="1983"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="1997"-->✅ Korjaa näin:</p>
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<div class="overflow-y-auto p-4" dir="ltr"><code class="whitespace-pre! language-python"><span>ikä = <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span>(<span class="hljs-built_in">input</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Kuinka vanha olet? "</span>))
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ikä > <span class="hljs-number">10</span>:
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Olet yli 10-vuotias!"</span>)
</span></code></div>
</div>
<hr></hr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2100"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2103"-->
<h2><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2105"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2124"-->🧩 6. Yhteenveto</h2>
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<th><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2126"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2140"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->Tietotyyppi</th>
<th><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2140"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2152"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->Esimerkki</th>
<th><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2152"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2173"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->Vertailu onnistuu?</th>
<th><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2173"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2183"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->Huomio</th>
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<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2243"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2256"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->int vs int</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2256"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2267"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2258"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2266"-->5 == 5</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2267"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2271"-->✅</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2271"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2292"-->Normaali vertailu</td>
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<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2293"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2349"-->
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2293"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2310"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->float vs float</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2310"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2324"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2312"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2323"-->3.5 < 4.0</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2324"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2328"-->✅</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2328"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2349"-->Normaali vertailu</td>
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<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2350"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2407"-->
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2350"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2365"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->int vs float</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2365"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2378"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2367"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2377"-->2 == 2.0</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2378"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2382"-->✅</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2382"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2407"-->Arvo sama, tyyppi eri</td>
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<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2408"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2461"-->
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2408"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2421"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->str vs str</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2421"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2436"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2423"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2435"-->"a" == "A"</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2436"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2440"-->✅</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2440"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2461"-->Huom. kirjainkoko</td>
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<tr><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2462"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2520"-->
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2462"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2481"--><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"-->str vs int/float</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2481"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2494"--><code><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2483"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2493"-->"5" == 5</code></td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2494"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2498"-->❌</td>
<td><!--filtered attribute: data-col-size="sm"--><!--filtered attribute: data-start="2498"--><!--filtered attribute: data-end="2520"-->Eri tyyppi, virhe!</td>
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<h3>Tavoitteet oppitunnille kuten aiemminkin</h3>
<span>Jatka Python-kielen opiskelua systemaattisesti: käy läpi kirjan tehtäviä. Kun saat tehtyä Kuutio 7:n harjoitukset, jatka Kuutio 8:n harjoituksiin.</span><br/>
<br/>
<span>Käytä tarvitessasi tekoälöyä (Copilot, ChatGPT,...) apuna tehtävän tekemiseen ja tai sen muuttamiseen. </span><br/>
<br/>
<span>Muista, että tavoiteena on nyt, että ymmärrät jokaista pilkkua myöten, mitä koodissa tehdään. Tämä ei ole vibe-codingia!</span><br/>
<br/>
<span>Pidä paperista kirjanpitoa harjoittelustasi. Se auttaa pitämään työskentelyä systemaattisena (ja sen perusteella arvioidaan työskentelyäsi).<br/>
<br/>
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<em><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace" rel="noopener nofollow ugc" target="_blank">Kuka on ollut Ada - koodareittein kulttihenkilö?!</a></em></span></div>
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2025-10-21T18:51:19+03:00