https://peda.net/id/0ac0b53e3f1 2019-03-05T09:19:40+02:00 https://peda.net/:static/535/peda.net.logo.bg.svg <div class="license">Tämän sivun lisenssi <a rel="license" href="https://peda.net/info">Peda.net-yleislisenssi</a></div> https://peda.net/id/04563e8655d 2019-04-03T08:34:29+03:00 <div> <div>5.1</div> </div> <div>a) Polymeerin pienin rakenneyksikkö </div> <div>b) Jako perustuu reaktiotyyppiin, jolla polymeeriä valmistetaan tai joka syntyy elävässä solussa</div> <div>c) Molekyyli, jolla on joko suhteellisen suuri molekyylimassa tai sellainen rakenne, joka sisältää paljon toistuvia rakenneyksiköitä, joilla on suhteellisen pieni molekyylimassa</div> <div>d) Synteettisiä: muovit, synteettiset kumit ja tekokuidut - luonnon polymeerejä: hiilihydraatit, proteiinit ja nukleiinihapot</div> <div>e) Eloperäisiä eli orgaanisia polymeereja. Tärkkelys, selluloosa, proteiinit, peptidit, DNA ja RNA ovat kaikki esimerkkejä biopolymeereista, jotka koostuvat monomeereista eli sokerista, aminohapoista ja nukleotideista.</div> <div> </div> <div>5.2</div> <div>Polyvinyylikloridi (PVC): Sadevaatteet</div> <div>Polystyreeni (PS): Eristemateriaali</div> <div>Kollageeni: Sidekudos</div> <div>Polyeteenitereftalaatti (PET): Virvoitusjuomapullo</div> <div>Polytetrafluorieteeni (teflon): Paistinpannu</div> <div>Polyeteeni (PE): Leipäpussi</div> <div>Tärkkelys: Peruna</div> <div>Deoksiribonukleiinihappo(DNA): Tuma</div> <div>Polyamidi: Ulkoiluvaate</div> <div>Albumiini: Veri</div> <div>Biopolymeerejä ovat kollageeni, tärkkelys, deoksiribonukleiinihappo ja alubumiini</div> <div> </div> <div>5.3</div> <div>a)</div> <div>1= Eteeni, alkeeni/tyydyttymätön hiilivety</div> <div>2= Kloorieteeni; halogeenialkeeni</div> <div>3= Fenyylieteeni (Vinyylibentseeni); aromaattinen, tyydymätön yhdiste</div> <div>4= 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluorieteeni; halogeenialkeeni</div> <div>5= 1,6-heksaanidihappo, kaksiarvoinen karboksyylihappo</div> <div>6= 1,6-diaminoheksaani; kaksiarvoinen (Primäärinen) amiini</div> <div> </div> <div>5.4</div> 2019-04-03T08:33:31+03:00 https://peda.net/id/2bdd2fa055d 2019-04-03T08:34:37+03:00 2019-04-03T08:34:37+03:00 https://peda.net/id/b743a54454b 2019-04-03T08:34:21+03:00 <div> <div>4.15</div> <div>1. c,d</div> </div> <div>2. b,c</div> <div>3. a</div> <div>4. a,d</div> <div>5.b,d</div> <div> </div> <div> <div>4.17</div> <div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Cu_2O%3DKupari%5Cleft(I%5Cright)-ionina" alt="Cu_2O=Kupari\left(I\right)-ionina"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=1s%5E22s%5E22p%5E63s%5E23p%5E63p%5E%7B10%7D" alt="1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63p^{10}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=CuO%3DKupari%5Cleft(II%5Cright)-ionina" alt="CuO=Kupari\left(II\right)-ionina"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=1s%5E22s%5E22p%5E63s%5E23p%5E63p%5E9" alt="1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63p^9"/><br/> <div>4.18</div> <div> </div> <div>4.19</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AYhdiste%26Kro%5Cmin%5C%20hapetusluku%26Yhdisteen%5C%20nimi%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0ACrO_3%26%2BVI%26Kromi%5Cleft(VI%5Cright)oksidi%5C%5C%0A%5Cleft(NH_4%5Cright)_2CrO_4%26%2BVI%26Ammoniumkromaatti%5C%5C%0ACr_2O_3%26%2BIII%26Kromi%5Cleft(III%5Cright)oksidi%5C%5C%0ANa_2CrO_4%26%2BVI%26Natriumkromaatti%5C%5C%0ACr_2O_7%5E%7B2-%7D%26%2BVI%26Dikromaatti-ioni%5C%5C%0ACr_2%5Cleft(SO_4%5Cright)_3%26%2BIII%26Kromi%5Cleft(III%5Cright)sulfaatti%5C%5C%0A%26%26%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l}&#10;Yhdiste&amp;Kro\min\ hapetusluku&amp;Yhdisteen\ nimi\\&#10;\hline&#10;CrO_3&amp;+VI&amp;Kromi\left(VI\right)oksidi\\&#10;\left(NH_4\right)_2CrO_4&amp;+VI&amp;Ammoniumkromaatti\\&#10;Cr_2O_3&amp;+III&amp;Kromi\left(III\right)oksidi\\&#10;Na_2CrO_4&amp;+VI&amp;Natriumkromaatti\\&#10;Cr_2O_7^{2-}&amp;+VI&amp;Dikromaatti-ioni\\&#10;Cr_2\left(SO_4\right)_3&amp;+III&amp;Kromi\left(III\right)sulfaatti\\&#10;&amp;&amp;&#10;\end{array}"/></div> <div> </div> <div>4.21</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AKompleksi-ionin%5C%20kaava%26Kompleksi-ionin%5C%20nimi%26Keskusato%5Cmin%5C%20nimi%26Keskusato%5Cmin%5C%20varaus%26Ligandin%5C%20nimi%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0A%5Cleft%5BAg%5Cleft(NH_3%5Cright)_2%5Cright%5D%5E%2B%26Diammiinihopeaioni%26Hopea%261%2B%26Ammoniakki%5C%5C%0A%5Cleft%5BPt%5Cleft(Cl_6%5Cright)%5Cright%5D%5E%7B2-%7D%26Heksakloroplatinaatti%5Cleft(IV%5Cright)-ioni%26Platina%264%2B%26Kloridi-ioni%5C%5C%0A%5Cleft%5BFe%5Cleft(SCN%5Cright)%5Cright%5D%5E%7B2%2B%7D%26Tiosyanaattorauta%5Cleft(III%5Cright)-ioni%26Rauta%263%2B%26Tioyanaatti-ioni%5C%5C%0A%5Cleft%5BPb%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_4%5Cright%5D%5E%7B2-%7D%26Tetrahydroksiplumbaatti%5Cleft(II%5Cright)-ioni%26Lyijy%262%2B%26Hydroksidi-ioni%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l}&#10;Kompleksi-ionin\ kaava&amp;Kompleksi-ionin\ nimi&amp;Keskusato\min\ nimi&amp;Keskusato\min\ varaus&amp;Ligandin\ nimi\\&#10;\hline&#10;\left[Ag\left(NH_3\right)_2\right]^+&amp;Diammiinihopeaioni&amp;Hopea&amp;1+&amp;Ammoniakki\\&#10;\left[Pt\left(Cl_6\right)\right]^{2-}&amp;Heksakloroplatinaatti\left(IV\right)-ioni&amp;Platina&amp;4+&amp;Kloridi-ioni\\&#10;\left[Fe\left(SCN\right)\right]^{2+}&amp;Tiosyanaattorauta\left(III\right)-ioni&amp;Rauta&amp;3+&amp;Tioyanaatti-ioni\\&#10;\left[Pb\left(OH\right)_4\right]^{2-}&amp;Tetrahydroksiplumbaatti\left(II\right)-ioni&amp;Lyijy&amp;2+&amp;Hydroksidi-ioni&#10;\end{array}"/></div> <br/> <div>4.23</div> <div>a)<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2SO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cunderrightarrow%7B%5Coverleftarrow%7BV_2O_5%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7D%7D2SO_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="2SO_2\left(g\right)+O_2\left(g\right)\underrightarrow{\overleftarrow{V_2O_5\left(s\right)}}2SO_3\left(g\right)"/></div> <div>b)<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=CH_2CH_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BH_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cunderrightarrow%7BNi%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7DCH_3CH_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="CH_2CH_2\left(g\right)+H_2\left(g\right)\underrightarrow{Ni\left(s\right)}CH_3CH_3\left(g\right)"/></div> <div>c) <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=N_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B3H_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Cunderrightarrow%7B%5Coverleftarrow%7BFe%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7D%7D2NH_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="N_2\left(g\right)+3H_2\left(g\right)\underrightarrow{\overleftarrow{Fe\left(s\right)}}2NH_3\left(g\right)"/><br/> <br/> 4.27<br/> a)<br/> <a href="https://peda.net/p/kirin_porsti/kemia/ke4s/teht%C3%A4v%C3%A4t/kpl-4-2/4-27-a-png2#top" title="4.27 a.PNG"><img src="https://peda.net/p/kirin_porsti/kemia/ke4s/teht%C3%A4v%C3%A4t/kpl-4-2/4-27-a-png2:file/photo/b293c3fe3e977b7d3b79e33763c188fdfe7b0dfb/4.27%20a.PNG" alt="" title="4.27 a.PNG" class="inline" loading="lazy"/></a><br/> b)<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(MnO_4%5E-%5Cright)%5Capprox27mg" alt="m\left(MnO_4^-\right)\approx27mg"/><br/> <a href="https://peda.net/p/kirin_porsti/kemia/ke4s/teht%C3%A4v%C3%A4t/kpl-4-2/4-27-b-png#top" title="4.27 b.PNG"><img src="https://peda.net/p/kirin_porsti/kemia/ke4s/teht%C3%A4v%C3%A4t/kpl-4-2/4-27-b-png:file/photo/c3ca11094042f7d3f56562a5142aee11fe9d8c85/4.27%20b.PNG" alt="" title="4.27 b.PNG" class="inline" loading="lazy"/></a><br/> c)<br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(MnO_4%5E-%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D0269g%7D%7B118%7B%2C%7D94%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D2%7B%2C%7D26...10%5E%7B-4%7Dmol%3Dn%5Cleft(Mn%5Cright)" alt="n\left(MnO_4^-\right)=\frac{0{,}0269g}{118{,}94\ \frac{g}{mol}}=2{,}26...10^{-4}mol=n\left(Mn\right)"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Mn%5Cright)%3DnM%3D2%7B%2C%7D26...%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%5C%20mol%5Ccdot54%7B%2C%7D94%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D0124g" alt="m\left(Mn\right)=nM=2{,}26...\cdot10^{-4}\ mol\cdot54{,}94\ \frac{g}{mol}=0{,}0124g"/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m-%5C%25%5Cleft(Mn%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D0124%5C%20g%7D%7B0.0269%5C%20g%7D%3D4%7B%2C%7D97...%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D497%5C%25%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D50%5C%25" alt="m-\%\left(Mn\right)=\frac{0{,}0124\ g}{0.0269\ g}=4{,}97...\cdot10^{-3}=0{,}497\%\approx0{,}50\%"/></div> </div> </div> 2019-04-01T22:24:06+03:00 https://peda.net/id/dffdbd06515 2019-03-28T15:03:26+02:00 4.2<br/> Na: <br/> - Reagoi kiivasti veden kanssa<br/> - Esiintyy merivedessä<br/> - Pelkistetään sähkökemiallisesti<br/> - Hyvin kevyttä<br/> - Säätelee soulunesteiden ionitasapainoa<br/> - Palaa keltaisella liekillä<br/> - Hilarakenteessa kationeja ja elektroneja<br/> Cu:<br/> - Hilarakenteessa kationeja ja elektroneja<br/> - Voidaan pelkistää kemiallisesti<br/> - Käytetään sähköjohteena<br/> - Jalometalli<br/> - Eletroneja d-orbiaaleilla<br/> - On elimistön hivenaine<br/> - On messingin aineosa<br/> - Reagoi ilman kaasujen kanssa muodostaen patinaa<br/> - On siirtymämetalli<br/> - Tiheys suurempi kuin vedellä<br/> <br/> 4.3<br/> Malmin louhiminen<br/> Malmin rikastus<br/> Pasutus<br/> Pelkistys raakametalliksi<br/> Raakametallin puhdistus<br/> Tuotteen valmistus<br/> <br/> 4.5<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=KCl%2BMgCl%2BH_2O" alt="KCl+MgCl+H_2O"/><br/> <div>Oletetaan että on kilo karnaliittia </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(KCl%2BMgCl%2BH_2O%5Cright)%3D1%5C%20kg%3D100%5C%20g" alt="m\left(KCl+MgCl+H_2O\right)=1\ kg=100\ g"/></div> <br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(K%5Cright)%3D14%7B%2C%7D05%5C%20g" alt="m\left(K\right)=14{,}05\ g"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Cl%5Cright)%3D38%7B%2C%7D4%5C%20g" alt="m\left(Cl\right)=38{,}4\ g"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Mg%5Cright)%3D8%7B%2C%7D65%5C%20g" alt="m\left(Mg\right)=8{,}65\ g"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(H%5Cright)%3D4%7B%2C%7D32%5C%20g" alt="m\left(H\right)=4{,}32\ g"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(O%5Cright)%3D34%7B%2C%7D6%5C%20g" alt="m\left(O\right)=34{,}6\ g"/><br/> <div> </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(K%5Cright)%3D39%7B%2C%7D10%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(K\right)=39{,}10\ \frac{g}{mol}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(Cl%5Cright)%3D35%7B%2C%7D45%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(Cl\right)=35{,}45\ \frac{g}{mol}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(Mg%5Cright)%3D24%7B%2C%7D31%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(Mg\right)=24{,}31\ \frac{g}{mol}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(H%5Cright)%3D1%7B%2C%7D008%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(H\right)=1{,}008\ \frac{g}{mol}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(O%5Cright)%3D16%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(O\right)=16{,}00\ \frac{g}{mol}"/> </div> <div> </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(K%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm%7D%7BM%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D35933...%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D3593%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(K\right)=\frac{m}{M}=0{,}35933...\approx0{,}3593\ mol"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Cl%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm%7D%7BM%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D08321...%5Capprox1%7B%2C%7D0832%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(Cl\right)=\frac{m}{M}=1{,}08321...\approx1{,}0832\ mol"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Mg%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm%7D%7BM%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D35582...%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D3558%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(Mg\right)=\frac{m}{M}=0{,}35582...\approx0{,}3558\ mol"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(H%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm%7D%7BM%7D%3D4%7B%2C%7D28571...%5Capprox4%7B%2C%7D2857%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(H\right)=\frac{m}{M}=4{,}28571...\approx4{,}2857\ mol"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(O%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm%7D%7BM%7D%3D2%7B%2C%7D1625%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(O\right)=\frac{m}{M}=2{,}1625\ mol"/></div> <div> Muodostetaan ainemäärien suhde jakamalla kaikki ainemäärät pienimmällä (magnesiumin) ainemäärällä:  </div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n(K)%3An(Cl)%3An(Mg)%3An(H)%3An(O)%3D1%7B%2C%7D01%3A3%7B%2C%7D04%3A1%7B%2C%7D00%3A12%7B%2C%7D0%3A6%7B%2C%7D08" alt="n(K):n(Cl):n(Mg):n(H):n(O)=1{,}01:3{,}04:1{,}00:12{,}0:6{,}08"/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=1%3A3%3A1%3A12%3A6" alt="1:3:1:12:6"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=KCl%2BMgCl_2%2B6H_2O" alt="KCl+MgCl_2+6H_2O"/></div> <br/> 4.6<br/> 4.8<br/> 4.9<br/> 4.11 2019-03-28T15:03:26+02:00 https://peda.net/id/eacf2b844f9 2019-03-27T09:09:09+02:00 3.8<br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(AgNO_3%2BNaCl%5Cright)%3D3%7B%2C%7D012g" alt="m\left(AgNO_3+NaCl\right)=3{,}012g"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(AgCl%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D466g" alt="m\left(AgCl\right)=2{,}466g"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(AgCl%5Cright)%3D107%7B%2C%7D87%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%2B35%7B%2C%7D45%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%3D143%7B%2C%7D32%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(AgCl\right)=107{,}87\frac{g}{mol}+35{,}45\ \frac{g}{mol}=143{,}32\ \frac{g}{mol}"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(AgNO_3%5Cright)%3D107%7B%2C%7D87%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%2B14%7B%2C%7D01%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%2B3%5Ccdot16%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%3D169%7B%2C%7D88%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(AgNO_3\right)=107{,}87\ \frac{g}{mol}+14{,}01\ \frac{g}{mol}+3\cdot16{,}00\ \frac{g}{mol}=169{,}88\ \frac{g}{mol}"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(AgCl%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm%5Cleft(AgCl%5Cright)%7D%7BM%5Cleft(AgCl%5Cright)%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7B%2C%7D466%5C%20g%7D%7B143%7B%2C%7D32%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D01720625...%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D0172063%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(AgCl\right)=\frac{m\left(AgCl\right)}{M\left(AgCl\right)}=\frac{2{,}466\ g}{143{,}32\ \frac{g}{mol}}=0{,}01720625...\approx0{,}0172063\ mol"/> <div><br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Ag%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BCl%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20AgCl%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="Ag^+\left(aq\right)+Cl^-\left(aq\right)\rightarrow AgCl\left(s\right)"/> </div> <div>Saostumisreaktion reaktioyhtälön perusteella  </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Ag%5E%2B%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(AgCl%5Cright)" alt="n\left(Ag^+\right)=n\left(AgCl\right)"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(AgNO_3%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(AgCl%5Cright)" alt="n\left(AgNO_3\right)=n\left(AgCl\right)"/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(AgNO_3%5Cright)%3DnM%3D0%7B%2C%7D0172063%5C%20mol%5Ccdot169%7B%2C%7D88%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%3D2%7B%2C%7D923006...%5Capprox2%7B%2C%7D92301g" alt="m\left(AgNO_3\right)=nM=0{,}0172063\ mol\cdot169{,}88\ \frac{g}{mol}=2{,}923006...\approx2{,}92301g"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m-%5C%25%5Cleft(AgNO_3%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7B%2C%7D92301%5C%20g%7D%7B3%7B%2C%7D012%5C%20g%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D97045...%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D9705%3D97%7B%2C%7D05%5C%25" alt="m-\%\left(AgNO_3\right)=\frac{2{,}92301\ g}{3{,}012\ g}=0{,}97045...\approx0{,}9705=97{,}05\%"/></div> <div>Näin ollen natriumnitraatin massaprosentti on </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m-%5C%25%5Cleft(NaNO_3%5Cright)%3D100%5C%25-97%7B%2C%7D05%5C%25%3D2%7B%2C%7D95%5C%25" alt="m-\%\left(NaNO_3\right)=100\%-97{,}05\%=2{,}95\%"/></div> </div> <br/> 3.10 <div> <div>a)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Na_2CO_3%2B2HCl%5Crightarrow2NaCl%2BCO_2%2BH_2O" alt="Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O"/></div> b)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Na_2CO_3%2BNaCl%5Cright)%3D3%7B%2C%7D00g" alt="m\left(Na_2CO_3+NaCl\right)=3{,}00g"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(CO_2%5Cright)%3D315cm%5E3%3D315%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-6%7Dm%5E3" alt="V\left(CO_2\right)=315cm^3=315\cdot10^{-6}m^3"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=p%3D96%7B%2C%7D5%5C%20kPa%3D96%7B%2C%7D5%5Ccdot10%5E3%5C%20Pa" alt="p=96{,}5\ kPa=96{,}5\cdot10^3\ Pa"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=R%3D8%7B%2C%7D31451%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BPa%5Ccdot%20m%5E3%7D%7Bmol%5Ccdot%20K%7D" alt="R=8{,}31451\ \frac{Pa\cdot m^3}{mol\cdot K}"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=T%5Cleft(21%7B%2C%7D0%2B273%7B%2C%7D15%5Cright)K%3D294%7B%2C%7D15K" alt="T\left(21{,}0+273{,}15\right)K=294{,}15K"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(Na_2CO_3%5Cright)%3D105%7B%2C%7D99%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(Na_2CO_3\right)=105{,}99\ \frac{g}{mol}"/></div> <br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=pV%3DnRT%5C%20%5Cleftrightarrow%5C%20n%3D%5Cfrac%7BpV%7D%7BRT%7D" alt="pV=nRT\ \leftrightarrow\ n=\frac{pV}{RT}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(CO_2%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B96%7B%2C%7D5%5Ccdot10%5E3%5C%20Pa%5Ccdot315%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-6%7Dm%5E3%7D%7B8%7B%2C%7D31451%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BPa%5Ccdot%20m%5E3%7D%7Bmol%5Ccdot%20K%7D%5Ccdot294%7B%2C%7D15K%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D01242889...%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D0124289%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(CO_2\right)=\frac{96{,}5\cdot10^3\ Pa\cdot315\cdot10^{-6}m^3}{8{,}31451\ \frac{Pa\cdot m^3}{mol\cdot K}\cdot294{,}15K}=0{,}01242889...\approx0{,}0124289\ mol"/> <div> </div> <div>a)-kohdan reaktioyhtälön perusteella </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Na_2CO_3%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(CO_2%5Cright)%3D0%7B%2C%7D0124289%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(Na_2CO_3\right)=n\left(CO_2\right)=0{,}0124289\ mol"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(NaCO_3%5Cright)%3DnM%3D0%7B%2C%7D0124289%5C%20mol%5Ccdot105%7B%2C%7D99%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D31733...%5Capprox1%7B%2C%7D3173%5C%20g" alt="m\left(NaCO_3\right)=nM=0{,}0124289\ mol\cdot105{,}99\ \frac{g}{mol}=1{,}31733...\approx1{,}3173\ g"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m-%5C%25%5Cleft(NaCO_3%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D3173%5C%20g%7D%7B3%7B%2C%7D00%5C%20g%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D4391%3D43%7B%2C%7D91%5C%25" alt="m-\%\left(NaCO_3\right)=\frac{1{,}3173\ g}{3{,}00\ g}=0{,}4391=43{,}91\%"/></div> <br/> 3.11<br/> <div>Titraus 1:</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=EDTA%5E%7B4-%7D%5C%20reagoi%5C%20sek%C3%A4%5C%20Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%7B%2C%7D%5C%20ett%C3%A4%5C%20Ca%5E%7B2%2B%7Dionien%5C%20kanssa" alt="EDTA^{4-}\ reagoi\ sekä\ Mg^{2+}{,}\ että\ Ca^{2+}ionien\ kanssa"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(EDTA%5E%7B4-%7D%5Cright)%3Dc%5Ccdot%20V%3D0%7B%2C%7D0104%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D0315%5C%20l%3D3%7B%2C%7D276%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7Dmol%3Dn%5Cleft(Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)%2Bn%5Cleft(Ca%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)" alt="n\left(EDTA^{4-}\right)=c\cdot V=0{,}0104\ \frac{mol}{l}\cdot0{,}0315\ l=3{,}276\cdot10^{-4}mol=n\left(Mg^{2+}\right)+n\left(Ca^{2+}\right)"/> <div>Titraus 2:</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=EDTA%5E%7B4-%7D%5C%20reagoi%5C%20vain%5C%20Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5C%20ionien%5C%20kanssa%5C%20%5Cleft(Ca%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5C%20ionit%5C%20on%5C%20saostettu%5C%20sulfatteina%5Cright)" alt="EDTA^{4-}\ reagoi\ vain\ Mg^{2+}\ ionien\ kanssa\ \left(Ca^{2+}\ ionit\ on\ saostettu\ sulfatteina\right)"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(EDTA%5E%7B4-%7D%5Cright)%3Dc%5Ccdot%20V%3D0%7B%2C%7D0104%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D0187%5C%20l%3D1%7B%2C%7D9448%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%5C%20mol%3Dn%5Cleft(Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)" alt="n\left(EDTA^{4-}\right)=c\cdot V=0{,}0104\ \frac{mol}{l}\cdot0{,}0187\ l=1{,}9448\cdot10^{-4}\ mol=n\left(Mg^{2+}\right)"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D9448%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%5C%20mol%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D010%5C%20l%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D9448%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5C%20mol%5Capprox1%7B%2C%7D94%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5C%20mol" alt="c\left(Mg^{2+}\right)=\frac{1{,}9448\cdot10^{-4}\ mol}{0{,}010\ l}=1{,}9448\cdot10^{-3}\ mol\approx1{,}94\cdot10^{-3}\ mol"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(Ca%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7B%2C%7D3312%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7D%5C%20mol%7D%7B0%7B%2C%7D010%5C%20l%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D3312%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D%5Capprox1%7B%2C%7D33%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bl%7D" alt="c\left(Ca^{2+}\right)=\frac{1{,}3312\cdot10^{-4}\ mol}{0{,}010\ l}=1{,}3312\cdot10^{-3}\ \frac{mol}{l}\approx1{,}33\cdot10^{-3}\ \frac{mol}{l}"/></div> <br/> <br/> 3.12<br/> <div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2Al%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B3H_2SO_4%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Al_2%5Cleft(SO_4%5Cright)_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B3H_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="2Al\left(s\right)+3H_2SO_4\left(aq\right)\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\left(aq\right)+3H_2\left(g\right)"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Zn%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2BH_2SO_4%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20ZnSO_4%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BH_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="Zn\left(s\right)+H_2SO_4\left(aq\right)\rightarrow ZnSO_4\left(aq\right)+H_2\left(g\right)"/></div> <br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Zn%2BAl%5Cright)%3D1%7B%2C%7D00g" alt="m\left(Zn+Al\right)=1{,}00g"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3D84%7B%2C%7D0%5C%20mg%3D84%7B%2C%7D0%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dg" alt="m\left(H_2\right)=84{,}0\ mg=84{,}0\cdot10^{-3}g"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D016%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(H_2\right)=2{,}016\ \frac{g}{mol}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm%7D%7BM%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B84%7B%2C%7D0%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5C%20g%7D%7B2%7B%2C%7D016%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D0416666..%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D041667%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(H_2\right)=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{84{,}0\cdot10^{-3}\ g}{2{,}016\ \frac{g}{mol}}=0{,}0416666..\approx0{,}041667\ mol"/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Zn%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3D0%7B%2C%7D04167%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(Zn\right)=n\left(H_2\right)=0{,}04167\ mol"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cfrac%7Bn%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%7D%7Bn%5Cleft(Al%5Cright)%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D" alt="\frac{n\left(H_2\right)}{n\left(Al\right)}=\frac{3}{2}"/>, joten <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(H_%7B_2%7D%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7Dn%5Cleft(Al%5Cright)" alt="n\left(H_{_2}\right)=\frac{3}{2}n\left(Al\right)"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(H_2%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(Zn%5Cright)%2B%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7Dn%5Cleft(Al%5Cright)" alt="n\left(H_2\right)=n\left(Zn\right)+\frac{3}{2}n\left(Al\right)"/></div> <div>Oletetaan, että alumiinin maassa on x ja sinkin 1,00-x</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=0%7B%2C%7D04167%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D%5Ccdot%5Cfrac%7Bx%5C%20g%7D%7B26%7B%2C%7D98%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(1%7B%2C%7D00-x%5Cright)g%7D%7B65%7B%2C%7D38%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D654437%5C%20g%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D654%5C%20g" alt="0{,}04167=\frac{3}{2}\cdot\frac{x\ g}{26{,}98\ \frac{g}{mol}}+\frac{\left(1{,}00-x\right)g}{65{,}38\ \frac{g}{mol}}=0{,}654437\ g\approx0{,}654\ g"/></div> 3.13<br/> <div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Al(OH)_3%2BMg%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_2" alt="Al(OH)_3+Mg\left(OH\right)_2"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Al(OH)_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B3HCl%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20AlCl_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B3H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="Al(OH)_3\left(aq\right)+3HCl\left(aq\right)\rightarrow AlCl_3\left(aq\right)+3H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Mg%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_2%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2HCl%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20MgCl_2%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="Mg\left(OH\right)_2\left(aq\right)+2HCl\left(aq\right)\rightarrow MgCl_2\left(aq\right)+2H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div> <div><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%3D37%7B%2C%7D7%5C%20ml%3D37%7B%2C%7D7%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dl%3D37%7B%2C%7D7%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Ddm%5E3" alt="V\left(HCl\right)=37{,}7\ ml=37{,}7\cdot10^{-3}l=37{,}7\cdot10^{-3}dm^3"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=c%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D50%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="c\left(HCl\right)=2{,}50\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Al(OH)_3%2BMg%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_2%5Cright)%3D2%7B%2C%7D50g" alt="m\left(Al(OH)_3+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\right)=2{,}50g"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(Al%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_4%5Cright)%3D78%7B%2C%7D004%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(Al\left(OH\right)_4\right)=78{,}004\ \frac{g}{mol}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(Mg%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_2%5Cright)%3D58%7B%2C%7D326%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\right)=58{,}326\ \frac{g}{mol}"/></div> <div> </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%3Dc%5Ccdot%20V%3D2%7B%2C%7D50%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Ccdot37%7B%2C%7D7%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Ddm%5E3%3D0%7B%2C%7D09425%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(HCl\right)=c\cdot V=2{,}50\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\cdot37{,}7\cdot10^{-3}dm^3=0{,}09425\ mol"/></div> <div> </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cfrac%7Bn%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%7D%7Bn%5Cleft(Al%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_3%5Cright)%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B1%7D" alt="\frac{n\left(HCl\right)}{n\left(Al\left(OH\right)_3\right)}=\frac{3}{1}"/>, joten<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%3D3%5Ccdot%20n%5Cleft(Al(OH)_3%5Cright)" alt="n\left(HCl\right)=3\cdot n\left(Al(OH)_3\right)"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cfrac%7Bn%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%7D%7Bn%5Cleft(Mg%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_2%5Cright)%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%7D%7B1%7D" alt="\frac{n\left(HCl\right)}{n\left(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\right)}=\frac{2}{1}"/>, joten <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%3D2%5Ccdot%20n%5Cleft(Mg%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_2%5Cright)" alt="n\left(HCl\right)=2\cdot n\left(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\right)"/></div> <div> </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(HCl%5Cright)%3D3%5Ccdot%20n%5Cleft(Al(OH)_3%5Cright)%2B2%5Ccdot%20n%5Cleft(Mg%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_2%5Cright)" alt="n\left(HCl\right)=3\cdot n\left(Al(OH)_3\right)+2\cdot n\left(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\right)"/></div> <div>Oletetaan, että Alumiinihydraatin massa on x ja magnesiumhydraatin 2,50-x<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=0%7B%2C%7D09425%5C%20mol%3D3%5Ccdot%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7Bx%5C%20g%7D%7B78%7B%2C%7D004%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%5Cright)%2B2%5Ccdot%5Cleft(%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft(2%7B%2C%7D50-x%5Cright)%5C%20g%7D%7B58%7B%2C%7D326%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%5Cright)" alt="0{,}09425\ mol=3\cdot\left(\frac{x\ g}{78{,}004\ \frac{g}{mol}}\right)+2\cdot\left(\frac{\left(2{,}50-x\right)\ g}{58{,}326\ \frac{g}{mol}}\right)"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Al(OH)_3%5Cright)%3Dx%5Capprox2.04%5C%20g" alt="m\left(Al(OH)_3\right)=x\approx2.04\ g"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Mg%5Cleft(OH%5Cright)_2%5Cright)%3D2.5-x%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D455g" alt="m\left(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\right)=2.5-x\approx0{,}455g"/><span> </span></div> <div> </div> 2019-03-26T09:58:18+02:00 https://peda.net/id/6af2148a4f9 2019-03-26T09:19:30+02:00 <span>3.1</span> <div>1 <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=4NH_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B5O_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Crightarrow4NO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B6H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="4NH_3\left(g\right)+5O_2\left(g\right)\rightarrow4NO\left(g\right)+6H_2O\left(l\right)"/><br/> 2 <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2NO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Crightarrow2NO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="2NO\left(g\right)+O_2\left(g\right)\rightarrow2NO_2\left(g\right)"/><br/> 3 <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=3NO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2BH_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%5Crightarrow2HNO_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BNO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="3NO_2\left(g\right)+H_2O\left(l\right)\rightarrow2HNO_3\left(aq\right)+NO\left(g\right)"/></div> <div>Kerrotaan reaktio (2) 2:lla</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=4NH_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B5O_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%5Cunderrightarrow%7B4NO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%7D%2B6H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="4NH_3\left(g\right)+5O_2\left(g\right)\rightarrow\underrightarrow{4NO\left(g\right)}+6H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cunderrightarrow%7B4NO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%7D%2B2O_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Crightarrow4NO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="\underrightarrow{4NO\left(g\right)}+2O_2\left(g\right)\rightarrow4NO_2\left(g\right)"/> <div>=</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=4NH_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B7O_2%5Cleft(5%5Cright)%5Crightarrow6H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%2B4NO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="4NH_3\left(g\right)+7O_2\left(5\right)\rightarrow6H_2O\left(l\right)+4NO_2\left(g\right)"/></div> <div>Kerrotaan reaktio (1+2) 3:lla ja (3) 4:lla</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=12NH_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B21O_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Crightarrow18H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%2B%5Cunderrightarrow%7B12NO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%7D" alt="12NH_3\left(g\right)+21O_2\left(g\right)\rightarrow18H_2O\left(l\right)+\underrightarrow{12NO_2\left(g\right)}"/> </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cunderrightarrow%7B12NO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%7D%2B4H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%5Crightarrow8HNO_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B4NO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="\underrightarrow{12NO_2\left(g\right)}+4H_2O\left(l\right)\rightarrow8HNO_3\left(aq\right)+4NO\left(g\right)"/> </div> <div> =</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=12NH_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B21O_2%2B%5Cunderrightarrow%7B4H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%7D%5Crightarrow%5Cunderrightarrow%7B18H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%7D_%7B%5Cleft(-4H_2O%5Cright)%7D%2B8HNO_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B4NO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="12NH_3\left(g\right)+21O_2+\underrightarrow{4H_2O\left(l\right)}\rightarrow\underrightarrow{18H_2O\left(l\right)}_{\left(-4H_2O\right)}+8HNO_3\left(aq\right)+4NO\left(g\right)"/></div> <div>=</div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=12NH_3%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B21O_2%5Crightarrow14H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%2B8HNO_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B4NO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="12NH_3\left(g\right)+21O_2\rightarrow14H_2O\left(l\right)+8HNO_3\left(aq\right)+4NO\left(g\right)"/><span> </span> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(NH_3%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B12%7D%7B8%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D5%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(NH_3\right)=\frac{12}{8}=1{,}5\ mol"/><br/> <div> </div> <div>3.2<br/> 3.3<br/> 3.4<br/> <br/> </div> </div> 2019-03-26T09:18:56+02:00 https://peda.net/id/3c75bd324a6 2019-03-21T01:12:17+02:00 2.30<br/> a) <div>Katodireaktio:</div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Al%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B3e%5E-%5Crightarrow%20Al%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="Al^{3+}\left(aq\right)+3e^-\rightarrow Al\left(s\right)"/> <div>Anodireaktio:</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2I%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20I_2%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B2e%5E-" alt="2I^-\left(aq\right)\rightarrow I_2\left(s\right)+2e^-"/></div> <div>b) </div> <div>Katodireaktio:</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Ni%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2e%5E-%5Crightarrow%20Ni%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="Ni^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2e^-\rightarrow Ni\left(s\right)"/></div> <div>Anodireaktio: </div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2Br%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Br_2%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%2B2e%5E-" alt="2Br^-\left(aq\right)\rightarrow Br_2\left(l\right)+2e^-"/><br/> <div>c)</div> <div>Katodireaktio:</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Cu%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2e%5E-%5Crightarrow%20Cu%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="Cu^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2e^-\rightarrow Cu\left(s\right)"/><br/> Anodireaktio: </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20O_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B4H%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B4e%5E-" alt="H_2O\left(l\right)\rightarrow O_2\left(g\right)+4H^+\left(aq\right)+4e^-"/></div> <br/> 2.31 <div>1. Anodi, Positiivinen elektrodi, Hapettuminen</div> <div>2. Katodi, Negatiivinen elektrodi, Pelkistyminen, </div> <span>3. Kationien kulkusuunta</span> <div>4. Tasavirtalähde</div> <div>5. Anionien kulkusuunta</div> <div>6. Elektrolyytti</div> <div> </div> <div>2.32</div> <div>a)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=MgBr_2" alt="MgBr_2"/>Magnesiumbromidi</div> <div>b)</div> <div>Katodireaktio:</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2e%5E-%5Crightarrow%20Mg%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="Mg^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2e^-\rightarrow Mg\left(s\right)"/></div> <div>Anodireaktio:</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2Br%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Br_2%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%2B2e%5E-" alt="2Br^-\left(aq\right)\rightarrow Br_2\left(l\right)+2e^-"/></div> <div>c)</div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=E_p%3D-2%7B%2C%7D37V" alt="E_p=-2{,}37V"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=E_h%3D-1%7B%2C%7D07V" alt="E_h=-1{,}07V"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=E_%7Bkok%7D%3D-2%7B%2C%7D37V-1%7B%2C%7D07V%3D-3%7B%2C%7D44V%3C0" alt="E_{kok}=-2{,}37V-1{,}07V=-3{,}44V&lt;0"/> <div>Reaktio ei ole spontaani</div> <div>Reaktio vaati 3,44V vähimmäisjännitettä.</div> <br/> 2.35<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AAnodi%262H_2O%5Crightarrow%20O_2%2B4H%5E%2B%2B4e%5E-%7B%2C%7D%5C%20E_h%3D-1%7B%2C%7D23V%26%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0AKatodi%262H_2O%2B2e%5E-%5Crightarrow2OH%5E-%2BH_2%7B%2C%7D%5C%20E_p%3D-0%7B%2C%7D83V%26%5C%5C%0A----------------------%26-------------------%26----------------%5C%5C%0APb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2e%5E-%5Crightarrow%20Pb%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7B%2C%7D%5C%20E_p%3D-0%7B%2C%7D13V%26Na%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2Be%5E-%5Crightarrow%20Na%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7B%2C%7D%5C%20E_p%3D-2%7B%2C%7D01V%26K%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2Be%5E-%5Crightarrow%20K%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7B%2C%7D%5C%20E_p%3D-2%7B%2C%7D93V%5C%5C%0ANO_3%5E-%5C%20ei%5C%20reaktiota%26SO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%7B%2C%7D%5C%20E_h%3D-2%7B%2C%7D01V%262I%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20I_2%2B2e%5E-%7B%2C%7D%5C%20E_h%3D-0%7B%2C%7D54V%5C%5C%0AKatodi%3A%5C%20Lyijy%26Katodi%3A%5C%20Vety%26Katodi%3A%5C%20Vety%5C%5C%0AAnodi%3A%5C%20Happi%26Anodi%3A%5C%20Happi%26Anodi%3A%5C%20Jodi%5C%5C%0AA%26B%26B%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l}&#10;Anodi&amp;2H_2O\rightarrow O_2+4H^++4e^-{,}\ E_h=-1{,}23V&amp;\\&#10;\hline&#10;Katodi&amp;2H_2O+2e^-\rightarrow2OH^-+H_2{,}\ E_p=-0{,}83V&amp;\\&#10;----------------------&amp;-------------------&amp;----------------\\&#10;Pb^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2e^-\rightarrow Pb\left(s\right){,}\ E_p=-0{,}13V&amp;Na^+\left(aq\right)+e^-\rightarrow Na\left(s\right){,}\ E_p=-2{,}01V&amp;K^+\left(aq\right)+e^-\rightarrow K\left(s\right){,}\ E_p=-2{,}93V\\&#10;NO_3^-\ ei\ reaktiota&amp;SO_4^{2-}{,}\ E_h=-2{,}01V&amp;2I\left(s\right)\rightarrow I_2+2e^-{,}\ E_h=-0{,}54V\\&#10;Katodi:\ Lyijy&amp;Katodi:\ Vety&amp;Katodi:\ Vety\\&#10;Anodi:\ Happi&amp;Anodi:\ Happi&amp;Anodi:\ Jodi\\&#10;A&amp;B&amp;B&#10;\end{array}"/><br/> <br/> 2.39<br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=It%3DnzF" alt="It=nzF"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=I%3DK%C3%A4ytetty%5C%20virta%5C%20%5Cleft(A%5Cright)" alt="I=Käytetty\ virta\ \left(A\right)"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=t%3Daika%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="t=aika\left(s\right)"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%3DHapettuvan%5C%20tai%5C%20pelkistyv%C3%A4n%5C%20aineen%5C%20ainem%C3%A4%C3%A4r%C3%A4%5C%20%5Cleft(mol%5Cright)" alt="n=Hapettuvan\ tai\ pelkistyvän\ aineen\ ainemäärä\ \left(mol\right)"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=z%3DElektronien%5C%20m%C3%A4%C3%A4r%C3%A4%5C%20puolireaktiossa" alt="z=Elektronien\ määrä\ puolireaktiossa"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=F%3DFaradayn%5C%20vakio%5C%2096485%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BAs%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="F=Faradayn\ vakio\ 96485\ \frac{As}{mol}"/>  </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=It%3DnzF%5Cleftrightarrow%20t%3D%5Cfrac%7BnzF%7D%7BI%7D" alt="It=nzF\leftrightarrow t=\frac{nzF}{I}"/> </div> <div>a)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Ag%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Ag%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2Be%5E-" alt="Ag\left(s\right)\rightarrow Ag^+\left(aq\right)+e^-"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=t%3D%5Cfrac%7B5%5C%20mol%5Ccdot1%5Ccdot96485%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BAs%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%7B10%7B%2C%7D0%5C%20A%7D%3D48242%7B%2C%7D5%5C%20s%3D804%7B%2C%7D041...%5C%20%5Cmin%3D13%7B%2C%7D4006...%5C%20h%5Capprox13h" alt="t=\frac{5\ mol\cdot1\cdot96485\ \frac{As}{mol}}{10{,}0\ A}=48242{,}5\ s=804{,}041...\ \min=13{,}4006...\ h\approx13h"/></div> <div>b)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Au%5E%7B3%2B%7D%2B3e%5E-%5Crightarrow%20Au%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)" alt="Au^{3+}+3e^-\rightarrow Au\left(aq\right)"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Au%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7BN%7D%7BN_A%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B6%7B%2C%7D0%5Ccdot10%5E6%7D%7B6%7B%2C%7D0221415%5Ccdot10%5E%7B23%7D%5C%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D9%7B%2C%7D963...%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-18%7Dmol" alt="n\left(Au\right)=\frac{N}{N_A}=\frac{6{,}0\cdot10^6}{6{,}0221415\cdot10^{23}\ \frac{1}{mol}}=9{,}963...\cdot10^{-18}mol"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=t%3D%5Cfrac%7B9%7B%2C%7D963...%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-18%7Dmol%5Ccdot3%5Ccdot96485%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BAs%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%7B10%7B%2C%7D0%5C%20A%7D%3D8%7B%2C%7D01%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-17%7Dh" alt="t=\frac{9{,}963...\cdot10^{-18}mol\cdot3\cdot96485\ \frac{As}{mol}}{10{,}0\ A}=8{,}01\cdot10^{-17}h"/></div> <div>c)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Al%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm_%7BAl%7D%7D%7BM_%7BAl%7D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1000%5C%20g%7D%7B26%7B%2C%7D98%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D37%7B%2C%7D06449222%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(Al\right)=\frac{m_{Al}}{M_{Al}}=\frac{1000\ g}{26{,}98\ \frac{g}{mol}}=37{,}06449222\ mol"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Al%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Al%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B3e%5E-" alt="Al\left(s\right)\rightarrow Al^{3+}\left(aq\right)+3e^-"/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=t%3D%5Cfrac%7B37%7B%2C%7D06449222%5C%20mol%5Ccdot3%5Ccdot96385%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BAs%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%7B10%7B%2C%7D0%5C%20A%7D%5Capprox3%7B%2C%7D0%5Ccdot10%5E2h" alt="t=\frac{37{,}06449222\ mol\cdot3\cdot96385\ \frac{As}{mol}}{10{,}0\ A}\approx3{,}0\cdot10^2h"/></div> <br/> 2.40<br/> a) <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AAnodi%262H_2O%5Crightarrow%20O_2%2B4H%5E%2B%2B4e%5E-%7B%2C%7D%5C%20E_h%3D-1%7B%2C%7D23V%26%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0AKatodi%262H_2O%2B2e%5E-%5Crightarrow2OH%5E-%2BH_2%7B%2C%7D%5C%20E_p%3D-0%7B%2C%7D83V%26%5C%5C%0A----------------------%26-------------------%26----------------%5C%5C%0A%26Ag%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2Be%5E-%5Crightarrow%20Ag%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7B%2C%7D%5C%20E_p%3D0%7B%2C%7D80V%26%5C%5C%0A%26NO%5E-%5C%20ei%5C%20reaktiota%26%5C%5C%0A%26Katodi%3A%5C%20Ag%26%5C%5C%0A%26Anodi%3A%5C%20Happi%26%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l}&#10;Anodi&amp;2H_2O\rightarrow O_2+4H^++4e^-{,}\ E_h=-1{,}23V&amp;\\&#10;\hline&#10;Katodi&amp;2H_2O+2e^-\rightarrow2OH^-+H_2{,}\ E_p=-0{,}83V&amp;\\&#10;----------------------&amp;-------------------&amp;----------------\\&#10;&amp;Ag^+\left(aq\right)+e^-\rightarrow Ag\left(s\right){,}\ E_p=0{,}80V&amp;\\&#10;&amp;NO^-\ ei\ reaktiota&amp;\\&#10;&amp;Katodi:\ Ag&amp;\\&#10;&amp;Anodi:\ Happi&amp;&#10;\end{array}"/></div> <div>b)</div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=It%3DnzF" alt="It=nzF"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=I%3DK%C3%A4ytetty%5C%20virta%5C%20%5Cleft(A%5Cright)" alt="I=Käytetty\ virta\ \left(A\right)"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=t%3Daika%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="t=aika\left(s\right)"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%3DHapettuvan%5C%20tai%5C%20pelkistyv%C3%A4n%5C%20aineen%5C%20ainem%C3%A4%C3%A4r%C3%A4%5C%20%5Cleft(mol%5Cright)" alt="n=Hapettuvan\ tai\ pelkistyvän\ aineen\ ainemäärä\ \left(mol\right)"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=z%3DElektronien%5C%20m%C3%A4%C3%A4r%C3%A4%5C%20puolireaktiossa" alt="z=Elektronien\ määrä\ puolireaktiossa"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=F%3DFaradayn%5C%20vakio%5C%2096485%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BAs%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="F=Faradayn\ vakio\ 96485\ \frac{As}{mol}"/><span>  </span><br/> <br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Ag%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm%7D%7BM%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B6%7B%2C%7D2%5C%20g%7D%7B107%7B%2C%7D87%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D057476...%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D05748%5C%20mol" alt="n\left(Ag\right)=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{6{,}2\ g}{107{,}87\ \frac{g}{mol}}=0{,}057476...\approx0{,}05748\ mol"/><br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=I%3D%5Cfrac%7BnzF%7D%7Bt%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D05748%5C%20mol%5Ccdot1%5Ccdot96385%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BAs%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%7B1800%5C%20s%7D%3D3%7B%2C%7D077...%5Capprox3%7B%2C%7D1A" alt="I=\frac{nzF}{t}=\frac{0{,}05748\ mol\cdot1\cdot96385\ \frac{As}{mol}}{1800\ s}=3{,}077...\approx3{,}1A"/></div> <div>c)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(O_2%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7BIt%7D%7BzF%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7B%2C%7D077A%5Ccdot1800s%7D%7B4%5Ccdot96485%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BAs%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D0143509...mol" alt="n\left(O_2\right)=\frac{It}{zF}=\frac{3{,}077A\cdot1800s}{4\cdot96485\ \frac{As}{mol}}=0{,}0143509...mol"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(O_2%5Cright)%3Dn%5Ccdot%20Vm%3D0%7B%2C%7D143509...mol%5Ccdot22%7B%2C%7D41%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bl%7D%7Bmol%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D321604...%5Capprox0%7B%2C%7D32l" alt="V\left(O_2\right)=n\cdot Vm=0{,}143509...mol\cdot22{,}41\ \frac{l}{mol}=0{,}321604...\approx0{,}32l"/></div> <div>d)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Au%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B3e%5E-%5Crightarrow%20Au%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="Au^{3+}\left(aq\right)+3e^-\rightarrow Au\left(s\right)"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Au%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7BIt%7D%7BzF%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7B%2C%7D077A%5Ccdot1800s%7D%7B3%5Ccdot96485%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BAs%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D0191345...mol" alt="n\left(Au\right)=\frac{It}{zF}=\frac{3{,}077A\cdot1800s}{3\cdot96485\ \frac{As}{mol}}=0{,}0191345...mol"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%3DnM%3D0%7B%2C%7D0191345...mol%5Ccdot196%7B%2C%7D97%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%3D3%7B%2C%7D7689...%5Capprox3%7B%2C%7D8g" alt="m=nM=0{,}0191345...mol\cdot196{,}97\ \frac{g}{mol}=3{,}7689...\approx3{,}8g"/><br/> <br/> 2.41<br/> 2.42<br/> 2.43<br/> <br/> 2019-03-19T19:48:42+02:00 https://peda.net/id/7db96672468 2019-03-18T20:20:09+02:00 2.19<br/> a) Oikein<br/> b) Väärin<br/> c) Väärin<br/> d) Oikein<br/> e) Oikein<br/> f) Väärin<br/> g) Oikein<br/> h) Oikei<br/> i) Oikein<br/> <br/> 2.20<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AElektrodit%5C%20ja%5C%20elektrolyyttiliuoksen%5C%20kationit%26Negatiivinen%5C%20kohtio%26Positiivinen%5C%20kohtio%26Anodireaktio%26Katodireaktio%26Kokonaisreaktio%26L%C3%A4hdej%C3%A4nnite%5Cleft(E_h%2BE_p%5Cright)%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0A%5Cfrac%7BMg%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7D%7BMg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%7D%5C%20ja%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BAl%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7D%7BAl%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%7D%26%5Cfrac%7BMg%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7D%7BMg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%7D%26%5Cfrac%7BAl%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7D%7BAl%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%7D%26Mg%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2Be%5E%7B2-%7D%26Al%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2Be%5E%7B3-%7D%5Crightarrow%20Al%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%263Mg%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B2Al%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow3Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%2B2Al%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%26%2B2%7B%2C%7D37-1%7B%2C%7D66%3D0%7B%2C%7D71V%5C%5C%0A%5Cfrac%7BPt%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7D%7BPt%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%7D%5C%20ja%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BSn%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7D%7BSn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%7D%26%5Cfrac%7BSn%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7D%7BSn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%7D%26%5Cfrac%7BPt%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%7D%7BPt%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%7D%26Sn%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Sn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2Be%5E%7B2-%7D%26Pt%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2Be%5E%7B2-%7D%5Crightarrow%20Pt%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%26Sn%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2BPt%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Sn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BPt%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%260%7B%2C%7D14%2B1%7B%2C%7D18%3D1%7B%2C%7D32V%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l}&#10;Elektrodit\ ja\ elektrolyyttiliuoksen\ kationit&amp;Negatiivinen\ kohtio&amp;Positiivinen\ kohtio&amp;Anodireaktio&amp;Katodireaktio&amp;Kokonaisreaktio&amp;Lähdejännite\left(E_h+E_p\right)\\&#10;\hline&#10;\frac{Mg\left(s\right)}{Mg^{2+}\left(aq\right)}\ ja\ \frac{Al\left(s\right)}{Al^{3+}\left(aq\right)}&amp;\frac{Mg\left(s\right)}{Mg^{2+}\left(aq\right)}&amp;\frac{Al\left(s\right)}{Al^{3+}\left(aq\right)}&amp;Mg\left(s\right)\rightarrow Mg^{2+}\left(aq\right)+e^{2-}&amp;Al^{3+}\left(aq\right)+e^{3-}\rightarrow Al\left(s\right)&amp;3Mg\left(s\right)+2Al^{3+}\left(aq\right)\rightarrow3Mg^{2+}+2Al\left(s\right)&amp;+2{,}37-1{,}66=0{,}71V\\&#10;\frac{Pt\left(s\right)}{Pt^{2+}\left(aq\right)}\ ja\ \frac{Sn\left(s\right)}{Sn^{2+}\left(aq\right)}&amp;\frac{Sn\left(s\right)}{Sn^{2+}\left(aq\right)}&amp;\frac{Pt\left(s\right)}{Pt^{2+}\left(aq\right)}&amp;Sn\left(s\right)\rightarrow Sn^{2+}\left(aq\right)+e^{2-}&amp;Pt^{2+}\left(aq\right)+e^{2-}\rightarrow Pt\left(s\right)&amp;Sn\left(s\right)+Pt^{2+}\left(aq\right)\rightarrow Sn^{2+}\left(aq\right)+Pt\left(s\right)&amp;0{,}14+1{,}18=1{,}32V&#10;\end{array}"/><br/> <br/> 2.21<br/> <div>1. Negatiivinen kohtio, Anodi, Hapettuminen</div> 2.<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Zn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)" alt="Zn^{2+}\left(aq\right)"/> <div>3.<img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Ag%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)" alt="Ag^+\left(aq\right)"/></div> <div>4. Suolasilta</div> <div>5. Jännitemittari</div> <div>6. Positiivinen kohtio, Katodi, Pelkistyminen</div> <div><br/> 2.22<br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=-Zn%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%5Cmid%20Zn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Cmid%5Cmid%20Ag%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Cmid%20Ag%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B" alt="-Zn\left(s\right)\mid Zn^{2+}\left(aq\right)\mid\mid Ag^+\left(aq\right)\mid Ag\left(s\right)+"/></div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Zn%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B2Ag%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Zn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BAg%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="Zn\left(s\right)+2Ag^+\left(aq\right)\rightarrow Zn^{2+}\left(aq\right)+Ag\left(s\right)"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=0%7B%2C%7D76%2B0%7B%2C%7D80%3D1%7B%2C%7D56V" alt="0{,}76+0{,}80=1{,}56V"/><br/> <br/> 2.23<br/> a) Kupari, koska se on nikkeliä jalompi<br/> b) Nikkelistä kupariin<br/> c)  <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Ni%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Ni%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2e%5E-" alt="Ni\left(s\right)\rightarrow Ni^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2e^-"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Cu%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2e%5E-%5Crightarrow%20Cu%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="Cu^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2e^-\rightarrow Cu\left(s\right)"/><br/> d) Suolasilta<br/> <br/> 2.24<br/> a) <br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Zn%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2BHgO%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Hg%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%2BZnO%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="Zn\left(s\right)+HgO\left(s\right)\rightarrow Hg\left(l\right)+ZnO\left(s\right)"/></div> <div>b)<br/> <div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=1%7B%2C%7D35V-0%7B%2C%7D10V%3D1%7B%2C%7D25V" alt="1{,}35V-0{,}10V=1{,}25V"/></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> 2019-03-14T19:56:28+02:00 https://peda.net/id/056c946845c 2019-03-14T14:53:33+02:00 <span>2.12</span> <div>a)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Li" alt="Li"/></div> <span>b)</span><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Cu%5E%7B2%2B%7D" alt="Cu^{2+}"/> <div>c)<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Co" alt="Co"/></div> <div>d)<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Ba" alt="Ba"/></div> <div>e)<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Fe" alt="Fe"/></div> <div>f)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Au%5E%7B3%2B%7D" alt="Au^{3+}"/></div> <div> </div> <div>2.13<br/> b) ja c)<br/> <div>b)</div> <div> 0 +I  +II  0</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Ni%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B2Ag%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Ni%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B2Ag%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)" alt="Ni\left(s\right)+2Ag^+\left(aq\right)\rightarrow Ni^{2+}\left(s\right)+2Ag\left(aq\right)"/></div> <div>c)</div> <div> 0 +III  +I  0</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=3Ag%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2BAu%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow3Ag%5E%2B%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2BAu%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)" alt="3Ag\left(s\right)+Au^{3+}\left(aq\right)\rightarrow3Ag^+\left(s\right)+Au\left(aq\right)"/><br/> <br/> 2.14<br/> a) Tapahtuu<br/> <div>  0  +III+IV-II +II+VI-II 0</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Fe%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2BCuSO_4%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20FeSO_4%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BCu%5Cleft(s%5Cright)" alt="Fe\left(s\right)+CuSO_4^{2+}\left(aq\right)\rightarrow FeSO_4\left(aq\right)+Cu\left(s\right)"/></div> b) Ei tapahtu<br/> c) Tapahtuu<br/> <div> 0  +I-I  +IV-I +I</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Sn%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B4HCl%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20SnCl_4%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2H_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="Sn\left(s\right)+4HCl\left(aq\right)\rightarrow SnCl_4\left(aq\right)+2H_2\left(g\right)"/></div> <br/> <br/> </div> </div> 2019-03-13T21:20:11+02:00 https://peda.net/id/f4c3c6f2432 2019-03-14T01:06:04+02:00 2.1<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AYhdiste%26Kloorin%5C%20hapetusluku%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0ACl%5E-%26-I%5C%5C%0ACl_2%260%5C%5C%0ANaClO_2%26%2BIII%5C%5C%0ANH_4Cl%26-I%5C%5C%0AClO_4%5E-%26%2BVII%5C%5C%0APCl_3%26-I%5C%5C%0ACH_3CH_2Cl%26-I%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l}&#10;Yhdiste&amp;Kloorin\ hapetusluku\\&#10;\hline&#10;Cl^-&amp;-I\\&#10;Cl_2&amp;0\\&#10;NaClO_2&amp;+III\\&#10;NH_4Cl&amp;-I\\&#10;ClO_4^-&amp;+VII\\&#10;PCl_3&amp;-I\\&#10;CH_3CH_2Cl&amp;-I&#10;\end{array}"/><br/> <br/> <div>2.2<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AAine%26Hapetusluku%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0ACH_4%26-IV%5C%5C%0AHPO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%26%2BV%5C%5C%0AMnO_2%26%2BIV%5C%5C%0ANaHCO_3%26%2BIV%5C%5C%0ANaIO_3%26%2BV%5C%5C%0AH_2O_2%26-I%5C%5C%0AN_2O_5%26%2BV%5C%5C%0ACa_3%5Cleft(PO_4%5Cright)_2%26%2BV%5C%5C%0ACH_3CH_2OH%26%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l}&#10;Aine&amp;Hapetusluku\\&#10;\hline&#10;CH_4&amp;-IV\\&#10;HPO_4^{2-}&amp;+V\\&#10;MnO_2&amp;+IV\\&#10;NaHCO_3&amp;+IV\\&#10;NaIO_3&amp;+V\\&#10;H_2O_2&amp;-I\\&#10;N_2O_5&amp;+V\\&#10;Ca_3\left(PO_4\right)_2&amp;+V\\&#10;CH_3CH_2OH&amp;&#10;\end{array}"/><br/> <br/> </div> 2.3<br/> a) Hapettuminen. Orgaanisen yhdisteen hapettaessa hapen määrä kasvaa.<br/> b) Hapettuminen. Alkuaine hapettuu, kun sen haptusluku kasvaa.<br/> c) Pelkistyminen. Alkuaine pelkistyy, kun se vastaanottaa elektroneja.<br/> <br/> 2.4<br/> Kalsium hapettuu reaktiossa b ja d. Molemmissa reaktiossa kalsiumin haptusluku kasvaa (0-&gt;+II)<br/> <br/> 2.5<br/> a)<br/> Cu +II<br/> O -IV<br/> S -II<br/> +<br/> K +I<br/> I -1<br/> <br/> Cu +I<br/> I -I<br/> K +I<br/> S +VI<br/> O +II<br/> I 0<br/> Jodi Hapettuu<br/> Kupari pelkistyy<br/> b) <br/> N -III<br/> H +I<br/> +<br/> Cl 0<br/> <br/> N -III<br/> Cl +I<br/> +<br/> H +I<br/> Cl -I<br/> Typpi hapettuu<br/> Kloori pelkistyy<br/> <br/> c)<br/> I 0<br/> S +IV<br/> O -II<br/> +<br/> H +I<br/> O -II<br/> <br/> H +I<br/> I -I<br/> H +I<br/> S +VI<br/> O -I<br/> Rikki hapettuu<br/> Jodi pelkistyy<br/> d)<br/> Mn +IV<br/> O -II<br/> +<br/> H +I<br/> Cl -I<br/> <br/> Mn +II<br/> Cl -I<br/> Cl 0<br/> H -I<br/> O -Ii<br/> Kloori hapettuu<br/> Mangaani pelkistyy<br/> e) <br/> Fe +II<br/> +<br/> Mn +VII<br/> O -II<br/> + <br/> H +I<br/> <br/> Fe +III<br/> Mn +II<br/> H+I<br/> O-II<br/> Rauta hapettuu<br/> Mangaani pelkistyy<br/> <br/> 2.6<br/> <div>a)</div> <div> +II-II +II-II 0 +IV-II</div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=PbO%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2BCO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Pb%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2BCO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="PbO\left(s\right)+CO\left(g\right)\rightarrow Pb\left(s\right)+CO_2\left(g\right)"/><br/> <div>Hiili hapettuu +II→+IV</div> <div>Lyijy pelkistyy +II→0</div> <div> </div> <div>b)</div> <div>+II  +III  +IV +II</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Sn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2Fe%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Sn%5E%7B4%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)" alt="Sn^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2Fe^{3+}\left(aq\right)\rightarrow Sn^{4+}\left(aq\right)+2Fe^{2+}\left(aq\right)"/></div> <span>Tina hapettuu +II→+IV</span> <div>Rauta pelkistyy +III→+II</div> <div> </div> <div>c)</div> <div> 0  +V-II +I  +II  +IV-II  +I-II</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Cu%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B2NO_3%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B4H%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Cu%5E%7B2%2B%7D%2B2NO_2%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2B2H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="Cu\left(s\right)+2NO_3^-\left(aq\right)+4H^+\left(aq\right)\rightarrow Cu^{2+}+2NO_2\left(g\right)+2H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div> <div>Kupari hapettuu 0→+II</div> <div>Typpi pelkistyy +V→+IV<br/> <br/> </div> <div>d)</div> <div>+VI-II +IV-II +I +III +VI-II +I-II</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Cr_2O_7%5E%7B2-%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B3SO_3%5E%7B2-%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B8H%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow2Cr%5E%7B3%2B%7D%2B3SO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B4H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="Cr_2O_7^{2-}\left(aq\right)+3SO_3^{2-}\left(aq\right)+8H^+\left(aq\right)\rightarrow2Cr^{3+}+3SO_4^{2-}\left(aq\right)+4H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div> <div>Rikki hapettuu +IV→+VI</div> <div>Kromi pelkistyy +VI→+III </div> <br/> 2.7<br/> <div>a) </div> <div> +II  +VII-II  +I +III +II  +I-II</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=5Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%2BMnO_4%5E-%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B8H%5E%2B%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow5Fe%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2BMn%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B4H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)" alt="5Fe^{2+}+MnO_4^-\left(aq\right)+8H^+\left(aq\right)\rightarrow5Fe^{3+}\left(aq\right)+Mn^{2+}\left(aq\right)+4H_2O\left(l\right)"/></div> <div>Rauta hapettuu +II→+III</div> <div>Mangaani pelkistyy +VII+II</div> b)<br/> hapanta vesi liuosta.<br/> c)<br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=C%5Cleft(KMnO_4%5Cright)%3D0%7B%2C%7D0200%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D" alt="C\left(KMnO_4\right)=0{,}0200\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(KMnO_4%5Cright)%3D8%7B%2C%7D20ml%3D0%7B%2C%7D0820dm%5E3" alt="V\left(KMnO_4\right)=8{,}20ml=0{,}0820dm^3"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B55%7B%2C%7D85g%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(Fe^{2+}\right)=\frac{55{,}85g}{mol}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)%3D%3F" alt="m\left(Fe^{2+}\right)=?"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(MnO_4%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(KMnO_4%5Cright)%3Dc%5Cleft(KMnO_4%5Cright)%5Ccdot%20V%5Cleft(KMnO_4%5Cright)" alt="n\left(MnO_4\right)=n\left(KMnO_4\right)=c\left(KMnO_4\right)\cdot V\left(KMnO_4\right)"/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%3D0%7B%2C%7D0200%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bmol%7D%7Bdm%5E3%7D%5Ccdot0%7B%2C%7D0820%5C%20dm%5E3%3D1%7B%2C%7D6400%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="=0{,}0200\ \frac{mol}{dm^3}\cdot0{,}0820\ dm^3=1{,}6400\cdot10^{-3}mol"/><br/> <div>Tasapainotetun reaktioyhtälön perusteella</div> </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)%3D5%5Ccdot%20n%5Cleft(MnO_4%5Cright)%3D5%5Ccdot1%7B%2C%7D6400%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%3D8%7B%2C%7D2000%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(Fe^{2+}\right)=5\cdot n\left(MnO_4\right)=5\cdot1{,}6400\cdot10^{-3}=8{,}2000\cdot10^{-3}mol"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)%5Ccdot%20M%5Cleft(Fe%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cright)%3D8%7B%2C%7D2000%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7D%5Ccdot55%7B%2C%7D85%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%3D0%7B%2C%7D45797g%5Capprox458mg" alt="m\left(Fe^{2+}\right)=n\left(Fe^{2+}\right)\cdot M\left(Fe^{2+}\right)=8{,}2000\cdot10^{-3}\cdot55{,}85\ \frac{g}{mol}=0{,}45797g\approx458mg"/><br/> <br/> 2.9<br/> <div>a)</div> <div>  0 +I+V-II  +I+V-II +I-II +II-II  </div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=3Ag%5Cleft(s%5Cright)%2B4HNO_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%5Crightarrow3AgNO_3%5Cleft(aq%5Cright)%2B2H_2O%5Cleft(l%5Cright)%2BNO%5Cleft(g%5Cright)" alt="3Ag\left(s\right)+4HNO_3\left(aq\right)\rightarrow3AgNO_3\left(aq\right)+2H_2O\left(l\right)+NO\left(g\right)"/><br/> <div>Hopea hapettuu 0→+I</div> <div>Typpi pelkistyy +V→+II </div> <div> </div> <div>b)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=m%5Cleft(Ag%5Cright)%3D129mg%3D0%7B%2C%7D120g" alt="m\left(Ag\right)=129mg=0{,}120g"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=M%5Cleft(Ag%5Cright)%3D107%7B%2C%7D87%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="M\left(Ag\right)=107{,}87\ \frac{g}{mol}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V_m%3D22%7B%2C%7D41%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bdm%5E3%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="V_m=22{,}41\ \frac{dm^3}{mol}"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%3D%3F" alt="V\left(NO\right)=?"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=n%5Cleft(Ag%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7Bm%5Cleft(Ag%5Cright)%7D%7BM%5Cleft(Ag%5Cright)%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B0%7B%2C%7D120g%7D%7B107%7B%2C%7D87%5C%20%5Cfrac%7Bg%7D%7Bmol%7D%7D%3D1%7B%2C%7D1125%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol" alt="n\left(Ag\right)=\frac{m\left(Ag\right)}{M\left(Ag\right)}=\frac{0{,}120g}{107{,}87\ \frac{g}{mol}}=1{,}1125\cdot10^{-3}mol"/> <div>Tasapainotetun reaktioyhtälön perusteella</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cfrac%7Bn%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%7D%7Bn%5Cleft(Ag%5Cright)%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D%5CRightarrow%20n%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D%5Ccdot%20n%5Cleft(Ag%5Cright)%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D%5Ccdot1%7B%2C%7D1125%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Dmol%3D3%7B%2C%7D7083%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7Dmol" alt="\frac{n\left(NO\right)}{n\left(Ag\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow n\left(NO\right)=\frac{1}{3}\cdot n\left(Ag\right)=\frac{1}{3}\cdot1{,}1125\cdot10^{-3}mol=3{,}7083\cdot10^{-4}mol"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=V%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%3Dn%5Cleft(NO%5Cright)%5Ccdot%20Vm%3D3%7B%2C%7D7083%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-4%7Dmol%5Ccdot22%7B%2C%7D41dm%5E3%3D8%7B%2C%7D3103%5Ccdot10%5E%7B-3%7Ddm%5E3%5Capprox8%7B%2C%7D31ml" alt="V\left(NO\right)=n\left(NO\right)\cdot Vm=3{,}7083\cdot10^{-4}mol\cdot22{,}41dm^3=8{,}3103\cdot10^{-3}dm^3\approx8{,}31ml"/><br/> <br/> </div> 2.11<br/> <br/> <br/> 2019-03-10T14:13:47+02:00 https://peda.net/id/9044d4143fe 2019-03-07T14:38:21+02:00 1.11<br/> a)<br/> <a href="https://peda.net/p/kirin_porsti/kemia/ke4s/teht%C3%A4v%C3%A4t/kpl-1-3/1-11-a-png2#top" title="1.11 a.PNG"><img src="https://peda.net/p/kirin_porsti/kemia/ke4s/teht%C3%A4v%C3%A4t/kpl-1-3/1-11-a-png2:file/photo/b3b10baecda10a883686c605b3170c14ef490d64/1.11%20a.PNG" alt="" title="1.11 a.PNG" class="inline" loading="lazy"/></a><br/> <br/> 1.12<br/> a)<br/> Li <br/> b) <br/> At<br/> c) <br/> Cs<br/> d)<br/> Be<br/> e)<br/> Cl<br/> <br/> 1.13<br/> a) Alumiini ja natrium kuuluvat samaan jaksoon (jakso 3) eli molempien atomien uloimmat elektonit ovat samalla kuorella (keskimäärin yhtä etäällä ytimestä). Alumiiniatomin ytimessä on enemmän protoneja, jotka vetävät ulkoelektroneja puoleensa voimakkaammin, minkä seurauksena atomin koko pienenee.<br/> b) Jodiatomissa on enemmän elektroneja, jotka asettuvat viidelle elektronikuorelle (jakson 5 alkuaine). Klooriatomin elektronit ovat kolmella kuorella (jakson 3 alkuaine), joten klooriatomi on pienempi.<br/> <br/> 1.14<br/> <span>Magnesiumatomin elektronirakenne on</span><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=1s%5E22s%5E22p%5E63s%5E2" alt="1s^22s^22p^63s^2"/><span>. Uloimmalla kuorella eli kauimpana ytimestä on kaksi elektronia </span><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cleft(3s%5E2%5Cright)" alt="\left(3s^2\right)"/><span>. Näiden irrotamiseen tarvitaan vähemmän energiaa kuin kolmannen elektronin irrottamiseen. Kolmas elektroni tulisi irrottaa </span><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D" alt="Mg^{2+}"/><span>-ionista, jolla on pysyvä , neonin oktettirakenetta vastaava ulkoelektronirakenne </span><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=2s%5E22p%5E6" alt="2s^22p^6"/><span>.<br/> </span><br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Mg%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Mg%5E%2B%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2Be%5E-" alt="Mg\left(g\right)\rightarrow Mg^+\left(g\right)+e^-"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Mg%5E%2B%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2Be%5E-" alt="Mg^+\left(g\right)\rightarrow Mg^{2+}\left(g\right)+e^-"/><br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Mg%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%5Crightarrow%20Mg%5E%7B3%2B%7D%5Cleft(g%5Cright)%2Be%5E-" alt="Mg^{2+}\left(g\right)\rightarrow Mg^{3+}\left(g\right)+e^-"/></div> <br/> 1.15<br/> <div>a)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Cl%5E-" alt="Cl^-"/>, koska tässä tapauksessa kloori-atomi vastaan ottaa yhden elektronin, ja sen seurauksena atomi suurenee</div> <div>b)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Si" alt="Si"/>, koska kloori ytimessä on enemmän protoneja, jotka vetävät ulkoelektroneja puoleensa voimakkaammin, minkä seurauksena atomin koko pienenee.<span> </span></div> <div>c)</div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Na" alt="Na"/>, koska <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Na%5E%2B" alt="Na^+"/>muodostuu vain silloin, kun Na luovuttaa yhden elektronin, mikä vaikuttaa atomin kokoon.</div> <div>d) </div> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=K" alt="K"/>, koska kaliumilla on yksinkertaisesti enemmän eletronikuoria kuin natriumilla.</div> <br/> 1.16<br/> a)<br/> 736<br/> b)<br/> 1450<br/> c)<br/> 494<br/> d)<br/> 4560<br/> <br/> V: d), koska kun natriumilla on 11 ulko elekrtonia, 2 sisäkuorella, 8 toisella kuorella ja 1 uloimmalla kuorella. Kun siitä halutaan 2 elektronia, toisen kuoren oktetin rikkomiseen tarvitaan enemmän energia.<br/> <br/> 1.17<br/> Alumiini Al: 13/2-8-1 -44kJ/mol<br/> Fosfori P: 15/2-8-3 -74kJ/mol<br/> Rikki S: 16/2-8-6 -200 kJ/mol  <br/> Kloori Cl: 17/2-8-7 -349 kJ/mol<br/> Alukuaineet kuuluvat samaan jaksoon, joten epämetalliluonne kasvaa jaksossa oikealle mentäessä. Elektroniaffiniteettiarvo on sitä suurempi (energiaa vapautuu enemmän), mitä epämetallisempi alkuaine on eli mitä helpommin negatiivinen ioni muodostuu.<br/> <br/> 1.18<br/> a)<br/> X:llä 7<br/> Y:llä 3<br/> b)<br/> X: 17. ryhmä<br/> Y: 13. ryhmä<br/> c)<br/> Y hapettuu<br/> X pelkistyy<br/> d)<br/> YX_3-<br/> e)<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Clog_%7B10%7DX%3D3%7B%2C%7D2" alt="\log_{10}X=3{,}2"/><br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=X%3D10%5E%7B%5E%7B3%7B%2C%7D2%7D%7D%3D1584%7B%2C%7D89...%5Capprox1600%5Cfrac%7BkJ%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="X=10^{^{3{,}2}}=1584{,}89...\approx1600\frac{kJ}{mol}"/><br/> <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Clog_%7B10%7DY%3D3%7B%2C%7D9" alt="\log_{10}Y=3{,}9"/></div> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=Y%3D10%5E%7B3%7B%2C%7D9%7D%3D7943%7B%2C%7D2...%5Capprox7900%5C%20%5Cfrac%7BkJ%7D%7Bmol%7D" alt="Y=10^{3{,}9}=7943{,}2...\approx7900\ \frac{kJ}{mol}"/> 2019-03-06T09:22:13+02:00 https://peda.net/id/00e94f4e3f1 2019-03-06T09:14:15+02:00 1.1<br/> <img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0AElektronirakenne%26Ulkoelektronien%5C%20lukum%C3%A4%C3%A4r%C3%A4%26Jakso%26Ryhm%C3%A4%26Lohko%26Kemiallinen%5C%20merkki%26Metalli%26Ep%C3%A4metalli%26Puoli-metalli%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0A1s%5E22s%5E22p%5E63s%5E23p%5E2%264%263%264.%5C%20p%C3%A4%C3%A4ryhm%C3%A4%26p%26Si%26%26%26x%5C%5C%0A1s%5E22s%5E22p%5E63s%5E23p%5E64s%5E23d%5E5%262%264%267%26d%26Mn%26x%26%26%5C%5C%0A1s%5E22s%5E22p%5E63s%5E23p%5E64s%5E23d%5E%7B10%7D4p%5E3%265%264%2615%26p%26As%26%26%26x%5C%5C%0A1s%5E22s%5E22p%5E23s%5E23p%5E24s%5E23d%5E%7B10%7D4p%5E65s%5E24d%5E%7B10%7D5p%5E5%267%265%2617%26p%26I%26%26x%26%5C%5C%0A1s%5E22s%5E22p%5E63s%5E23p%5E24s%5E23d%5E1%262%264%263%26d%26Sc%26x%26%26%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l}&#10;Elektronirakenne&amp;Ulkoelektronien\ lukumäärä&amp;Jakso&amp;Ryhmä&amp;Lohko&amp;Kemiallinen\ merkki&amp;Metalli&amp;Epämetalli&amp;Puoli-metalli\\&#10;\hline&#10;1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^2&amp;4&amp;3&amp;4.\ pääryhmä&amp;p&amp;Si&amp;&amp;&amp;x\\&#10;1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^5&amp;2&amp;4&amp;7&amp;d&amp;Mn&amp;x&amp;&amp;\\&#10;1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^3&amp;5&amp;4&amp;15&amp;p&amp;As&amp;&amp;&amp;x\\&#10;1s^22s^22p^23s^23p^24s^23d^{10}4p^65s^24d^{10}5p^5&amp;7&amp;5&amp;17&amp;p&amp;I&amp;&amp;x&amp;\\&#10;1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^24s^23d^1&amp;2&amp;4&amp;3&amp;d&amp;Sc&amp;x&amp;&amp;&#10;\end{array}"/><br/> <br/> 1.2<br/> a) 2<br/> b) Sn<br/> c) 17<br/> d) p<br/> e) 3<br/> f) +II<br/> g) Tc<br/> h) Ge <br/> <br/> 1.3<br/> a) jakso 5 ryhmä 16<br/> b) jakso 4 ryhmä 7, Mn<br/> c) jakso 5 ryhmä 11, Ag<br/> d) jakso 3 ryhmä 15, P<br/> e) Jakso 6 ryhmä 2, Ba<br/> <br/> 1.4<br/> a) Titaani<br/> b) Cr<br/> c) S<br/> d) Sr<br/> e) P<br/> <br/> 1.5<br/> a)<br/> <a href="https://peda.net/p/kirin_porsti/kemia/ke4s/teht%C3%A4v%C3%A4t/kpl-1/1-5-a-png2#top" title="1.5 a.PNG"><img src="https://peda.net/p/kirin_porsti/kemia/ke4s/teht%C3%A4v%C3%A4t/kpl-1/1-5-a-png2:file/photo/0bcbb44ec62c39ea2007d8f48332dd298435266b/1.5%20a.PNG" alt="" title="1.5 a.PNG" class="inline" loading="lazy"/></a><br/> b)<br/> <a href="https://peda.net/p/kirin_porsti/kemia/ke4s/teht%C3%A4v%C3%A4t/kpl-1/1-5-b-png2#top" title="1.5 b.PNG"><img src="https://peda.net/p/kirin_porsti/kemia/ke4s/teht%C3%A4v%C3%A4t/kpl-1/1-5-b-png2:file/photo/aed12451f9226f941eed0119884a87ea82351bfe/1.5%20b.PNG" alt="" title="1.5 b.PNG" class="inline" loading="lazy"/></a><br/> <br/> 1.6<br/> Elektronegatiivisuus kuvaa kemiallisesti sitoutuneen atomin kykyä vetää puoleensa sidoselektroneja. Jalokaasujen pysyvän ulkoelektronirakenteen vuoksi ne muodostavat hyvin vaikeasti yhdisteitä.<br/> <br/> 1.8 <div><img src="https://math-demo.abitti.fi/math.svg?latex=%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Cl%7D%0ASidoksen%5C%20muodostavat%5C%20alkuaineet%26%5CDelta%5Cchi%26Sidoksen%5C%20ioniluonne%5Cleft(%5C%25%5Cright)%26Ioniyhdiste%26Molekyyliyhdiste%5C%5C%0A%5Chline%0AK%5C%20ja%5C%20F%263%7B%2C%7D2%2692%5C%25%26x%26%5C%5C%0AAl%5C%20ja%5C%20O%262%7B%2C%7D0%2663%5C%25%26x%26%5C%5C%0AS%5C%20ja%5C%20O%261%7B%2C%7D0%2622%5C%25%26%26x%5C%5C%0AN%5C%20ja%5C%20Cl%260%260%5C%25%26%26x%0A%5Cend%7Barray%7D" alt="\begin{array}{l|l}&#10;Sidoksen\ muodostavat\ alkuaineet&amp;\Delta\chi&amp;Sidoksen\ ioniluonne\left(\%\right)&amp;Ioniyhdiste&amp;Molekyyliyhdiste\\&#10;\hline&#10;K\ ja\ F&amp;3{,}2&amp;92\%&amp;x&amp;\\&#10;Al\ ja\ O&amp;2{,}0&amp;63\%&amp;x&amp;\\&#10;S\ ja\ O&amp;1{,}0&amp;22\%&amp;&amp;x\\&#10;N\ ja\ Cl&amp;0&amp;0\%&amp;&amp;x&#10;\end{array}"/> </div> <div> </div> 2019-03-05T09:55:11+02:00